Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## Overview of the White Paper on Annual Health, Labour and Welfare 2012

## Part 1 (Themes) Social Security

● Part 1 of the White Paper on Labour and Economy 2012 discusses ‘Social Security’.

● Overall picture of Japan's social security system. The purposes, functions and current challenges, etc. are to help every single citizen of Japan to participate in the national debate about social security and the future of Japan, with reference to logical thinking regarding international comparisons and the international community, as well as philosophy, etc.

Also students who are in a period of formation of interests in social issues are assumed to be readers of the white paper.

## Part 2 (Annual administration report) 'Responses to current political challenges'

●	In Part 2, as an annual administrative report, the MHLW clearly presents to the public how the current various policy issues are handled. And it covers initiatives of private organizations (NPO, companies, etc.) as well as frontline government agencies that are trying to solve problems in the field of health. labour and welfare. in 20 columns.
Feature 1 Recovery efforts of MHLW from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Feature 2 Initiatives for joint reform of the taxation and social security systems
Chapter 1	Environment restructuring for having a family with peace of mind	Chapter 8 Ensuring safe living
Chapter 2	Ensuring employment and stable living with the realization of a society in which all people participate, such that everyone with a will to work is able to work	(Suicide and depression prevention, welfare benefits, etc.)
Chapter 3	Providing stable, safe and high quality medical and long-term care services	Chapter 9 Promotion of measures for public safety
Chapter 4	Ensuring healthful and safe living (infectious disease prevention, food safety, etc.)	(Support for Japanese returnees from China, water supply projects, etc.)
Chapter 5	Sustainable, trustworthy pension system	Chapter 10 Contribution to the international community and appropriate actions for foreign workers, etc.
Chapter 6	Comprehensive encouragement of support for the disabled	(WHO, ILO and EPA, etc.)
Chapter 7	Creating an environment where one can work in confidence (Support for non-regular employment, work-life balance and working conditions, etc.)	Chapter 11 Restructuring of the administration system (Promotion of screening process within the ministries, public newsletter, after care service, etc.)

• ‘Japan as 100 people’ and ‘A day of Japan’ are at the end of the White Paper and are easy to understand for everybody as well as for children.
## Chapter 1 Why social security is important?

☑ Role that social security has played in modern society. And the system is indispensable for our economic system.

→ Social security is important for every single citizen, as well as for our entire society.

## 1 Establishment of social security

● The system has been established as a prerequisite to the formation of a capitalist society as well as the establishment of the nation-state since modern times (18th century).

● Social security has been supporting the development of industrial capitalist society as well as the nation-state to replace the functions of mutual supports by kinship and territorial bonding.

## 2 Development of social security

● In developed countries, mainly in Europe, the social security system was developed to establish a ‘Welfare State’ after World War II.

● Social security became indispensable for every developed country (till the beginning of the 70’s. ‘The golden age of the Welfare State’)

3 'Review' and reaffirmation of the social security system

● Global economic growth had slowed down due to two oil shocks in the 1970’s. The criticism against social security and the welfare state had a great impact.

→Neoliberalism (example: Thatcherism and Reaganomics) ... Less is spent on Social security in order to have a 'small government'.

The widening gap, the lower quality of public service and ‘social exclusion’ are rising problems. On the other hand, cutting social security spending would not have been initiated if it had been considered from a macro point of view.

● The importance of social security has been reaffirmed since the 1990’s, which had brought a period of re-organization of the social security system and the welfare-state in combination with employment support, etc.

## 4 Review of the Social Security System of Japan

The trend of the system is generally the same as for developed countries, Formation → Development → Review.

The social security system remains relatively small because of the long-term stable employment that guarantees livelihood. The elderly are the main beneficiaries of the system.

Because of the rapid decrease in the working population due to a declining birthrate and a growing proportion of elderly people, benefit payments increased and employment structure changed due to globalization, etc. (increase of non-regular employment).

A big social change that the social security system was counting on. A national debate is necessary for system reform.
Chapter 2 Principles and philosophy associated with social security

Introduction of the fundamental principles and philosophy associated with social security.
Supporting each other for self-reliant living jointly and severally in society will lead to building a vital society. (self-reliance and solidarity)
Based on such a role of the state and the market to play, what is needed for us to truly be happy, and how the social security system is reformed, should be debated specifically with consistency in the entire society. ('as well as efficiency and fairness')
1 Self-reliance and solidarity ∼jointly and severally support 'individuals with self-reliance' ∼
● 'Solidarism' -*Léon Bourgeois who was a politician and a lawyer presenting the realization of social justice which promotes mutual support as a duty with consciousness in addition to natural solidarity, which is a development of human society, when poverty in France was becoming a big problem in the late 19th Century.
● 'Solidarism' had a strong impact on the social security systems of many countries, as a realistic and feasible principle and a philosophy that was the solution to the social problems of the time.
● Impact on Japan ••• Enactment of the Relief Act in 1929, specification of principals of the social security system after WWII, and government reports on social security and related matters, etc.
■ Supporting each other for independent living, jointly and severally in society, will lead to building a vital society.
*1851-1925 He worked actively during the French Third Republic. The Prime Minister in 1895, the President of the Senate, and the first Presidents of the Assembly of the League of Nations received the Laureates of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920.
2 Efficiency and fairness ∼Time to pursue co-existence of efficiency and fairness ∼
● The market bears 'efficiency', which often conflicts with 'fairness', which is controlled by the state in an industrialized capitalist society.
18th Century or after: 'Night-Watchman state' or 'Cheap government', which functioned only to protect its citizens from crimes, etc.
19th Century and after: Growing needs for fairness by intervention by the government Post WWII: Development of the 'Welfare state' 1980's : 'Small government' that promotes efficiency 1990's to present: Reorganization of the system that searches for a new form of the welfare state
The issue of 'efficiency vs. fairness' has been debated before. This is the time to pursue co-existence of efficiency and fairness.
【Addendum】 What is fairness ∼with a freedom and equality point of view ∼
Argument of *John Rawls who introduced 'Justice as Fairness' from view of the relationship of freedom and equality.
*American philosopher (1921-2002) He advocated the theory of fair distribution in terms of the adjustment of freedom and equality, and had a significant impact on laws, politics and social philosophy around the world.
## Chapter 3 Mechanism of the Social Security System of Japan

● ‘Objectives and functions of social security’, ‘Characteristics of the existing Social Security System in Japan’, ‘Social insurance systems (Universal Health Insurance and Universal Pension Coverage)’ and ‘Summary of all systems are simply explained, in order.

● Columns are provided everywhere, which talk about simple questions and points of discussion in general about social security, and contribute to understanding of social security.

## Chapter 4 Social security and the welfare state from the ‘welfare regime’ view point

☑ Characteristics of social security in developed countries are explained by the model of international comparison, which is presented by *Esping Andersen (welfare regime).

A Danish sociologist (1947- ). He presented the ‘Welfare regime’ with meticulous historical analysis and quantitative analysis that has had a great impact all over the world.

Molding	Major characteristics	The Japanese system is not quite categorized into one model, but has the following characteristics:
Social democracy regime (Northern European nations)	Big role of states	● The benefits of social security for the elderly are relatively big in comparison (to spending).
Familism is strong in terms of the division of labor by gender (husband works and wife stays home) = Conservatism regime
● The size of the system is relatively small due to the parental care support, etc., which is significantly small compared to the European nations.
= Liberalism regime
The Japanese social security system is based on mainly full-time employment. This indicates the point of weakness of the government support system, once a citizen becomes unemployed.
Conservatism regime (Continental European nations)	Big role of family and employment
Liberalism regime (Anglo-Saxon nations)	Bigger role of markets	The debate on concepts of the Japanese society and how functional enhancement of social security should be conducted based on the special features and the functions of ‘state’, ‘community (family and local community) and the ‘market’.

The welfare regime is only an indicator of modeling that may not apply to an individualized system (example: Medical insurance)
Chapter 6 Changes and challenges that Japanese society faces, way of life security in the future -2 A secure way of life that meets the changes in society (continue)Market and industries • • The source of employment opportunities and wealth Good quality employment opportunities, in particular, play a prominent role for life security. · It is necessary to strengthen international competitiveness and shift to a different industrial structure to achieve economic growth. But we see a delay. · In the process of change of industrial structure, opportunities for regular employment decreases mainly in the manufacturing and construction industries, etc., but non-regular employment increases in the service industry, etc. · The development of excellent human resources is important for producing high-value-added benefits and for growth by promotion of life innovation. · It is important to create new jobs by eliciting the potential demand in the field of social security . · Regardless of the type of employment, it is important to improve the treatment of workers in non-regular employment for everybody to work with peace of mind. · It is important to strengthen support for maintaining a balance between work and childcare that will allow active engagement in society for both men and women, while demonstrating willingness and ability.
※ Initiatives for 'Joint reform of the taxation and social security systems'· Jobs should be created in the fields of medical/long-term care and child support, because the field of health is a growing industry. It can achieve a virtuous circle of economic growth and social security. · Through such initiatives as revision of the Labour Contract Law in regards to limited term contract workers, expanding the eligibility of social insurance to workers with fixed-term employment contracts, exemption of pension premiums during the period of maternity leave and a future benefits review, our society can be one in which everyone works and has a stable living.
Government • • It responds to the changes in the social and economic environment, supports the independence of people and develops a foundation for a society of safe living.
Government should gain the trust of the people by taking initiatives in institutional reforms while achieving accountability, so that family, community, markets and companies can demonstrate their ability to function and fulfill their respective roles.
Chapter 7 Perspectives of social security review
The important perspectives of social security review are presented. 'Desirable form of society', 'Role and function of social security', 'Social security costs' and 'Position of others' must be in the issue.
1 Desirable form of society
● First of all, social security must be considered along with what the desirable form of society should be. (The relationship between individuals and society ... Modern society is formed by 'independent individuals'. People live in a social environment, in which they need mutual help.) ● The social security system should be established specifically upon historical background of a particular society, and the current and future direction for reaching the goals. ● Therefore, roles played by family, community, market and company are considered as mutually interdependent. We should have a point of view about what we should do to make these roles function, and how social security can support these roles.
2 Understanding of the functions and roles of social security
● Social security is the social mechanism for preparation for risks of living, and providing peace of mind in an individual's living. ● Social security is the supportive mechanism by which a society can help (for such things as cost) for the living of the older generation and the costs for child care, etc. ● Social security contributes to economic growth, social stability, and the creation of jobs.
3 Cost of social security
● Someone must bear the cost of stable living. ● If social security needs are steady, the total costs are covered by ① the public through social security payments, and ② paid privately. — We should consider the portion of these burdens, because if public burden increases, private burden is reduced, and if public burden decreases, private burden increases. ● It is necessary to think from the perspective of both fairness and efficiency about the design and operation of the social security system. — Fairness secures confidence in the system. Efficiency is essential in order to obtain consent to the burden for the security.
4 Position of others
● Social security is a system of mutual support. We need to think about society from the perspective of others; not only for our own convenience and interests. — What if I was the other gender? What if I had a disease or handicaps? What if I was very old? What if I had a low income? …·Use your imagination. ● If you only think about your own pros and cons, and only the groups you are in or about your own attributes , you would be preoccupied with conflict, which results in not having a constructive discussion. ● We should think about the interests of others and society, to make a society in which all people can live well.
Conclusion ☑ Now is the time for national debate☑

Explain the importance of having a national debate for every one of us to think about the role of social security in order to rebuild our society in ways in which people can have lifelong peace of mind.

● 'Joint reform of the taxation and social security systems', which is being conducted currently, is the first step towards the construction of a new Social Security System in Japan.

☑ In Japan, families and companies

have played many of the roles for life security. Enhancement of the capabilities of social security to benefit all people, including the working generation, is needed so that every single one of us can have lifelong peace of mind, in development of the aging population and in a changing environment for families and companies.

● Having a national debate is indispensable to rethinking mutual support that should be based on the Japanese society, and the role of social security.

In other words, every single one of us, who are beneficiaries as well as payers, should participate in thinking independently and responsibly about the current situation and challenges of the social security system, and what system reform by the government should be.

## The government should represent the

interests of the public, and present a complete picture or idea of reform. Accountability to specific policies should be provided with commitment to gain the trust of the people.

Basic knowledge and information that are the foundation of a national debate should be widely provided, such as in the field of education.

● Every single citizen should understand the structure of society and the functions of social security.

And we should participate in a debate independently about the necessity of system reform, pros and cons and the impact of putting off reform.

● The future of this country is depending on the wisdom and the actions of the people.
## Reference Future vision of joint reform of the taxation and social security systems

∼Strengthening investment for the future (children and parenting support) and enhancement of measures for poverty and inequality ∼

## Background factor of needs of social security reform

Increase of non-regular employment

Change of employment foundation

Change of family structures and community

Aging of society and shrinking of working generation

•Generous benefits to the elderly, in comparison to living risks of the working generation, that have not been addressed.

• Not enough measures are taken against poverty and the widening income gap.

Rapid increase of social security expenditures due to an aging population

• Many of the social security costs are covered by deficit bonds, which is putting off the burden to future generations.

Enhancements of social security are required to meet the changes in society and the economy

## Restructuring of the social security system that can show the benefits for all people, including the working generation

## Points for reform

◆ support self-reliance of every single citizen based on mutual assistance and solidarity

Simultaneous exercising of enhancement of functions and the thorough efficient and prioritized provision of benefits.

Focus on fairness in the generation well as intergeneration.

Especially, ①Children and young people ②Medical and long-term care services, ③Pension, ④Countermeasures to poverty and disparities should be the priority

<4 social security expenses> Appropriation of a Consumption tax should be expanded to four areas of 'pension, medical, long-term care and child care'. The first step to achieving financial soundness and to ensuring stable sources of financing for social security.

⇒ The Consumption tax rate will be raised to 8% from April 2014, 10% from October 2015 in stages (national and local).

☑ Strengthen the foundations that support the social security system by promoting employment.

* 'A note of confirmation' of 3 parties: 3 parties will meet to discuss an agreement about the details of the public pension system reform of the future. The Social Security System reform bill is taking into account the prospects and current financial condition, etc., and the Public Pension System in the future will be discussed in the National Council Reform of Social Security System, and come to a conclusion.
1 日時：平成26年7月15日（火）14：00～15：00

2 場所：特定個人情報保護委員会委員会室（三会堂ビル8階）

3 出席者：堀部委員長、阿部委員、手塚委員

其田事務局長、松元総務課長

## 4 議事の概要

（１）議題１：地方公共団体の中間サーバーに係る特定個人情報保護評価に関する概要の説明について

総務省から地方公共団体の中間サーバーに係る特定個人情報保護評価に関する概要について説明があった。

堀部委員長から「中間サーバーでは具体的にどのような情報が保有されることとなるのか。個人情報は一元管理されていないということを対外的にどのように示すことができるかを説明いただきたい」という旨の発言があった。これに対し総務省から「中間サーバー・プラットフォームについては完全に区分管理を行う。また、区分管理されたそれぞれの情報の管理は引き続き各地方公共団体が行うこととし、情報の分散管理を徹底していきたい」という旨の発言があった。

堀部委員長から「中間サーバー・プラットフォームの運用・保守の委託を受ける事業者と地方公共団体の役割分担について説明いただきたい」という旨の発言があった。これに対し地方公共団体情報システム機構から「中間サーバー・プラットフォームにおける中身のデータ自体は、各地方公共団体のみが管理を行う。委託事業者は、中間サーバー・プラットフォームのハードやソフトの運用のみを行い、中身のデータ自体にはアクセスできないようにする」という旨の発言があった。

手塚委員から「データの保管については、暗号化するなど情報セキュリティの安全性を高めるための措置をとるのか」という旨の発言があった。これに対し総務省から「データのやり取りの暗号化に加え、データベースそのものも暗号化する」という旨の発言があった。

手塚委員から「中間サーバーの機能停止等の不測の事態へのリスク対策はどうなっているか」という旨の発言があった。これに対し総務省及び地方公共団体情報システム機構から「東西2か所のセンターで相互にバックアップを取るというリスク対策を講ずる」という旨の発言があった。

阿部委員から「全国の地方公共団体が保護評価を行う際に、中間サーバーについて質問が出てくると思うが、対応の体制はどうなっているか」という旨の発言があった。これに対し総務省から「内閣官房や各省と協力し
て対応する。内閣官房が設けたサイトにおいて、地方公共団体からの質問への対応や必要な情報提供を行い、またメール等でのサポートも実施したい」という旨の発言があった。

## （２）議題２：特定個人情報の適正な取扱いに関するガイドライン（仮称）について

事務局から配布資料について説明があった。

手塚委員から「一般の方がガイドラインを読んで番号法が適用される部分と個人情報保護法が適用される部分とが分かるように工夫する必要がある」という旨の発言があった。これに対し堀部委員長から「別途、説明資料を作ることで対応できると思う」という旨の発言があり、事務局から「ガイドラインには具体例を盛り込み分かりやすい記載とする。また、別途Q & A集のようなものを用意したいと考えている」という旨の発言があった。

阿部委員から「個人情報保護法に関する主務大臣のガイドラインと本ガイドラインの関係についても説明する必要がある」という旨の発言があった。これに対し事務局から「本ガイドラインにおいては、個人情報保護法において守るべきところと、番号法特有の守るべきところを明示的に区別して記載する」という旨の発言があった。

堀部委員長から「今後、特定個人情報の適正な取扱いについての説明会があると思うが、できるだけ分かりやすく説明し、理解促進を図る必要がある」という旨の発言があった。

ガイドラインの作成作業を引き続き進めていくこととなった。

## （３）議題３：その他について

事務局から番号法第9条第2項に基づく個人番号利用事務に関する調査結果等の概要について説明があった。調査結果を踏まえ、番号法第19条第14号に基づく委員会規則の検討を進めることとなった。

事務局から行政事業レビュー行動計画の改定案について説明があり、原案のとおり了承された。

事務局から第12回及び第13回委員会の議事概要案について説明があった。原案のとおり了承され、ホームページに掲載することとなった。

以上
## 地方公共団体に対する説明会等の実施（案）

地方公共団体における特定個人情報の取扱いについては、その実態の把握に努めてきているところ、「特定個人情報の適正な取扱いに関するガイドライン（行政機関等・地方公共団体等編）」記載の安全管理措置等について、再度チェックが必要と思われる事項を別添のとおり取りまとめたところである。

今後、別添「く再チェック＞安全管理措置」を利用して、安全管理措置が適正に実施されているかどうかについて再確認を促すため、以下の方法により広報を行うこととする。

## （１）組織のトップへの周知・徹底

例えば、全国市長会主催の会議等を活用して、各首長への周知を図る。

## （２）事務担当者への周知・徹底

○ 社会保障・税番号制度担当者説明会（7月下旬～9月中旬開催）の際に周知

○ 今秋以降実施予定の個人情報保護法等の説明会等の際に併せて周知

○ 全地方公共団体が閲覧できるデジタル PMO（※）に資料を掲載して周知（※）国、地方公共団体等の連携を図るため、番号制度に関する情報共有を目的としたコミュニケーションツール

○ 研修機関の活用や個別説明会の実施等
## <再チェック>安全管理措置

特定個人情報の適正な取扱いに関するガイドラインに沿って講じている安全管理措置について、次の観点から、再チェックをしてみましょう。

### 1. 取报规程等

1 取扱規程等を策定したこと及び当該規程等に基づき特定個人情報を適正に取り扱う必要があることを、周知していますか。

(メッセージ)

特定個人情報を適正に取り扱う上での基本的なルールを定めたら、職員に対してしっかり周知しましょう。

2 策定した取扱規程等の具体的な実施方法を定めて、各課に指示していますか。

(メッセージ)

規定内容によっては、具体的な実施方法を個人番号制度主管課が作成する場合と各事務の主管課が作成する場合がありますので、関係する各課で協議をして、確実に実施できるようにしましょう。

3 事務の流れに当てはめて、特定個人情報を取り扱う事務の範囲と事務取扱担当者に誤りがないか確認していますか。

(メッセージ)

例えば、郵便物の開封事務、受付窓口での収受事務、廃棄事務の担当者も、その事務においては、特定個人情報を取り扱う事務取扱担当者になりますので注意しましょう。

### 2. 組織体制

1 責任者を設置し、責任の範囲を明確にしていますか。

(メッセージ)

総括責任者、保護責任者及び監査責任者（相当する者を含む。）を設置して、責任の範囲を明確にし、責任者自身が責務を認識するような体制を整備しましょう。
2 特定個人情報の漏えい等のインシデント発生時の報告連絡体制について、職員に周知していますか。

(メッセージ)

特に、特定個人情報漏えい時の報告連絡体制と、従来から整備しているインシデント対応体制や様式等が異なる場合には、相違点を職員に周知しましょう。

### 3. 研修

1 職員に対し、必要な研修を実施していますか。

(メッセージ)

保護責任者や事務取扱担当者に対する研修はもちろんのこと、例えば、窓口で書類を収受する職員、郵便物を仕分けする非常勤（臨時）職員も特定個人情報を取り扱うことが想定されるので、研修対象から漏れていないかしっかりチェックしましょう。

また、特定個人情報を取り扱わない職員も、「なぜ、特定個人情報を取り扱うことができないのか」を理解してもらうことは重要であるため、特定個人情報の適正な取扱いに関する基本的な研修を実施するとよいでしょう。

さらに、住民から職員研修についての説明を求められる場合があると考えられますので、実施記録（日時、受講者、内容等）を保存しましょう。

2 マイナンバー法第 28 条の 2、同法施行令第 30 条の 2 に基づく研修を実施していますか。

(メッセージ)

特定個人情報ファイルを取り扱う事務に従事する者に対して、研修計画を策定し、おおむね一年ごとに特定個人情報の適正な取扱いを確保するために必要なサイバーセキュリティの確保に関する事項その他の事項に関する研修を行うことが、法令により義務となっていますので、確実に実施しましょう。

3 研修欠席者に対し、再度研修の機会を設けるか、自己研修を指示し、実施の確認を行う等のフォローアップをしていますか。

(メッセージ)

特定個人情報を取り扱う職員に対して、適切な管理のために、研修への参加の機会を付与する必要がありますので、しっかりフォローアップしましょう。
4 研修の内容は十分ですか。

## (メッセージ)

実務研修のほか、特定個人情報の適正な取扱いについて理解を深め、特定個人情報の保護に関する意識の高揚を図るための啓発その他必要な教育研修を行う必要がありますので、研修の内容が網羅されているか確認しましょう。

### 4. 取报状況の確認

1 取报状況を記録し管理する仕組みを整えていますか。

## (メッセージ)

〈データの場合〉

アクセスログ等を保管し、確認できる状態にし、他課や他機関に特定個人情報ファイルを提供する場合は、当該特定個人情報ファイルの記録を保存する仕組みを整備しましょう。

## 〈電子媒体の場合〉

管理台帳等により、利用の状況を確認できる状態にし、定期的に電子媒体の現物を確認する仕組みを整備しましょう。

〈書類の場合〉

保管場所、名称、編綴されているもの及び保存期限等を明確にして、取扱状況（複数の簿冊がある場合は個々の簿冊の取扱状況）を確認できるようにしましょう。

なお、これらの書類について定期的に保存簿書の現物を確認しましょう。

## 2 個人番号の削除又は廃棄した記録を保存していますか。

## (メッセージ)

削除又は廃棄した記録を保存しておかないと、適切に削除又は廃棄したのか、紛失や盗難にあったのかが分からないため、削除又は廃棄した記録を作成し、保存しておきましょう。