## Chapter 6 Changes and challenges that Japanese society faces, way of life security in the future -

2 A secure way of life that meets the changes in society	' ✕ Initiatives for 'Joint reform of the taxation and social security systems' ' is illustrated with relevant policies, and the ideal society to be achieved by social reform.
Each role to play of family, community, markets, companies and government for life and security issues so far, and the current challenges should be identified, and there should be discussion of necessary support, etc. for the future.
Family • • • Family is the basic unit of human society, and that is the place of life and where you get peace and love · Dissolution of territorial bonding and little participation of men in childcare make women's childcare burden big. · Due to an increase in single, elderly households, it is difficult to care for old parents. And there are issues such as 'elderly care by the elderly'. · Despite a sign of the birth rate recovery, there still are reasons for the low rate, such as instability and non-continuity of employment, work-life balance, anxiety of child-rearing, etc. It is important that we support families in society through the strengthening of child care support and families, for reducing the excessive burden for family care on women.
· Initiatives for 'Joint reform of the taxation and social security systems' · Enhancements of function, such as qualitative and quantitative expansion of childcare, etc. according to local circumstances shall be exercised to realize a society that can enjoy child-rearing. For example, restructuring of authorized nurseries with flexibility in metropolitan areas depending on demand, and providing financial support to small-scale nurseries to meet diversified care in order to eliminate the waiting list for children.
Community • • Communications with friends and acquaintances, 'Rural living infrastructure' such as food, clothing, shelter and transportation, medical and financial services, and presence of mutual help in living. And as a place as a local government, to provide medical services, long-term care, and welfare. · Due to a decrease in the number of residents, and an increase in single-person households, community relations have become weakened, which weakens the mutual assistance function and which will worsen in the future. · In rural areas, in particular, there is a big concern that ensuring services related to daily living will be difficult, because the population is decreasing. Providing medical, nursing and welfare services, etc. may become difficult in municipalities, due to the increase in the number of elderly, and a reduction in the number of people of the working generation engaged in the health care and long-term care fields. · Ensuring employment and income is necessary for young people and children to be secure. It is important to build a society that can provide high-quality medical and long-term care services through 'Community General Support', along with the establishment of businesses that become a source of economic activities and employment opportunities. · Community shall 'be the place to be' and 'shall play a role' (social inclusion) to prevent the social isolation of people.
Initiatives for 'Joint reform of the taxation and social security systems' · We promote disease prevention as well as care prevention. A society where everybody can be provided appropriate medical and long-term care, services no matter where they live, can be realized by developing 'Medical care that cures' in the advanced acute phase, and 'Medical and nursing care that support' life with dignity in the community. · While cooperating with new types of public organizations such as NPOs, etc., a multi-layered safety net shall be built to realize a society where all citizens can participate with no exceptions.