maintain and manage all these facilities. There are some concerns that the existing preventative maintenance principle alone may result in some damages occurring, even on important road facilities.

As a result, in September 2012, the ‘Social Capital Maintenance Plan’ was developed to understand the effect of damaged facilities on the road users, and prevent the occurrence of major damages.

This plan, in addition to the previous preventative maintenance method for maintenance and management, is distinctive in that it will consider the road sections and degree of social impact of these facilities have to proceed with repair work as efficiently as possible. The three facilities this plan addresses are ‘pavements,’ ‘bridges,’ and ‘hazardous slopes (inclines with the danger of falling rocks). To allow roads under prefectural management to continue to be used (ensure availability), we first clarify which roads have the biggest social impact, then do an evaluation with consideration for how road users will be affected, and then establish the facility management method and the order in which repairs are done (Figure 2-3-26).

To find the probability of problems occurring for these three types of facilities, the differences in structural features is considered, then the deterioration condition is assessed from the facility's inspection results. This is then combined with the degree of social impact to calculate the risk for the entire facility. After that, we find the total risk for the facility within a specific section of the road, and begin the repair work on the facility in the section with the biggest risk total (Figure 2-3-27).

For the calculations for the section’s risk, the roads managed by the prefecture are divided into general routes and important routes that need to have concentrated management according to policy. Paving on unfinished sections and bridges that are

Road facilities	Problem regarded as risk	Degree of social impact type	Specific content
Pavement	OCCURRENCE of potholes	① Road accidents
② Emergency services access time	③ Loss of human life and material goods caused by road accidents
② Loss of human life caused by longer transportation time for getting critical patients to a medical facility
③ Loss of time caused by delays in transporting people and goods for tourism and industry related activities
④ Causes isolation of settlements, leading to challenges in movement of people and distribution of goods, resulting in anxiety that daily life for residents will become challenging or unsustainable
⑤ Loss of time and material goods caused by traffic regulation during multiple rainfalls
⑥ Loss of time for road users caused by information provision
⑦ Construction cost caused by need for post-occurrence countermeasure works
⑧ Traffic congestion/de-tours caused by need for post-occurrence countermeasure works
⑨ Loss caused by decrease in land value due to negative effect on roadside environment from vibration caused by road surface deterioration
Bridges	Damage to partial sections	③ Tourism and industrial activities
④ Isolated settlements
Dangerous slope	OCCURRENCE of falling rocks	⑤ Traffic regulation section
⑥ Information provision
⑦ Post-occurrence countermeasure works
⑧ Traffic congestion/de-tour caused by post-occurrence countermeasure works
⑨ Negative effect on roadside environment from vibrations

Source) Gifu Prefecture "Social Capital Maintenance Plan Action Guidelines"

under 15m long on general routes are not considered in the section risk calculations $ ^{Note\ 67} $ due to the fact the social impact and the restoration cost are small when compared to important routes (Figure 2-3-28).

Section	Work type	Facility type	Assessment based on risk calculations of section
Important routes 1,674km	Pavement repair	Completed improvements section	1,472km	○
Unfinished improvements section	202km	○
Bridge repair	Bridge length 15m and over	817 bridges	○
Bridges under 15m	1,066 bridges	○
Dangerous slope	458 areas 32 remaining areas	○
General routes 2,542km	Pavement repair	Completed improvements section	1,380km	○
Unfinished improvements section	1,162km	×
Bridge repair	Bridge length 15m and over	799 bridges	○
Bridges under 15m	1,637 bridges	×
Dangerous slopes	1,139 areas 485 remaining areas	○

Source) Gifu Prefecture "Social Capital Maintenance Plan Action Guidelines"

Note 67 Though these facilities are not considered in section risk calculations, they are maintained and managed appropriately.