catastrophic landslides, the development of catastrophic landslides monitoring and warning systems $ ^{Note} $ (Figure II-10-1-3 Diagram 3) are being furthered to contribute to rapid emergency restoration measures as well as the prevention and mitigation of damages through appropriate warnings and evacuations.

In the sewerage sector, investigations are under way for the sophistication and increased efficiency of on-site surveys through means such as sensor robots, efficient sewerage operations through technology including the collection and analysis of big data, and appropriate facility operations through technology including simulation and prediction.

## Section 2 Promoting the Research and Development of Technology

## The Position of Technological Research and Development in Technology Policies and Comprehensive Promotion

In the “Japan Revitalization Strategy (Cabinet decision, June 2013)”, one of the pillars of the revitalization plan for Japanese industry is the “promotion of science technology innovation” and expectations for the role played by “science technology innovation” is increasing as seen by the intent to vigorously promote the “Science Technology Innovation Comprehensive Strategy (Cabinet decision, June 2013)”.

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism takes into account the government’s overall policy including the “Fourth Science and Technology Basic Plan” to further improve the framework for coordination between the private sector, academia, and government as well as comprehensive promotion of cross-sectoral technology research and development in accordance with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Technology Basic Plan and is actively reflecting the resulting fruits in public works as well as the construction and transport industry among others.

(1) Initiatives at Facility Organizations, Special Organizations, External Bureaus, and Incorporated Administrative Agencies

Facility organizations, special organizations, external bureaus, and incorporated administrative agencies under MLIT which are mainly tasked with research are as shown in this figure. Incorporated Administrative Agencies serve the public interests and possess transparency and independence; research that meets policy needs are being conducted with priority and efficiency while striving for further coordination with relevant organizations including the private sector and carrying out tasks appropriately and efficiently.

Figure II-10-2-1

Major Initiatives for Fiscal Year 2013 by Facility Organizations, Special Organizations, and External Bureaus

Organizations, etc.	Summary
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan	The Geography & Crustal Dynamics Research Center, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan implemented research and development that contributes to disaster prevention and the environment as well as the realization of a society that actively utilizes geospatial information in an advanced manner are carried out, such as estimating the fixed state of plate boundaries along with changes, ionospheric correction technology for the sophisticated monitoring of crustal movements with satellite interference SAR, and defining the basic technical specifications and efficient ways to develop three-dimensional GIS data for public indoor spaces.
Policy Research Institute for Land Infrastructure and Transport	Conducted studies and research for the purpose of widely contributing to policy creation in the field of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism. In fiscal 2013, studies and research such as “Survey of Competing Countries to Increase Market Share in the Fields of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism”, “Research on Strengthening Regional Vitality through Mutual Cooperation at the Apartment or Regional District Level”, “Maintain and Develop Measures for Public Transport”, and “Regional Vitalization Measures with the Entry of LCCs” were conducted.
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management	In order to contribute to the realization of a beautiful, safe, and vibrant country, research regarding “disaster prevention and mitigation measures” including seismic measures priority evaluation methods and tsunami damage mitigation measures, “strengthening international competitiveness” including international expansion measures for technology and standards, and environmental measures such as evaluation methods for energy-saving technologies were conducted.
Meteorological Research Institute	Conducted research on understanding the phenomena of weather, climate, earthquake volcanoes, and the ocean as well as predictions such as “strengthening measures for typhoons and torrential rains”, “strengthening measures for earthquake, volcano, and tsunami disasters”, and “strengthening of measures related to climate change and global environment”.
Japan Coast Guard	Conducted testing and research for equipment and materials used for coast guard duties, testing and research for forensic science at sea, and research and development of technology for monitoring seafloor crustal movements.

Note Large-scale slope collapse monitoring and warning systems use a combination of:

1) vibration sensors to estimate the location and scale of collapses from the ground vibrations that occur following slope collapses.

2) satellite image analysis to confirm the location of the collapse and measure the scale, and

3) rainfall radar technology to quickly detect the occurrence of large-scale sediment disasters-related and broadcast the information to relevant organizations.