## (5) Observing and monitoring the ozone layer

The Japan Meteorological Agency annually publishes the outcome of observations on ozone and ultraviolet radiation. According to these studies, the global amount of ozone continues to be low from a long-term perspective. Additionally, in order to prevent adverse effects to the human body by ultraviolet radiation, information on the topic is published daily using a numerical index (UV index) for easy comprehension of the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

Figure II-8-7-3

Example of a “Marine Diagnosis Report” published on the Japan Meteorological Agency Website

[Sea ice outflow in southeast waters past Cape Erimo in April 2014]

· In April 2014, sea ice was observed in the waters southeast of Cape Erimo. This was the first occurrence in April since 1971 when the use of the current method of sea ice analysis was started.

[Sea ice analysis chart (April 22, 2014)]

Legend: ☐ ☑ ☒ ☒

(0 degrees proximity from left (open water), 1-3, 4-6, 7-8, 9-10)

(Note) The proximity degree of sea ice (ratio of the area of sea ice in the sea waters) is color coded into 4 levels. For sea ice analysis, coastal sea ice observation data and observation data from satellite, aircraft and vessels are used.

Source) Japan Meteorological Agency

(6) Promoting routine operational observation in the Antarctic

The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan is conducting geodetic observation of the Antarctic regions, creating and updating topographic maps, and developing satellite image views. The achieved results contribute to the smooth and safe activities of Antarctic research expeditions, and contribute to the research of global environmental changes etc., as well as international activities related to, geodetic surveys and geospatial information.

The Japan Meteorological Agency continues to conduct observation of ozone, solar and infrared radiation, surface and upper-air at the Syowa Station (Antarctica). Accumulated meteorological data contribute to monitor and research the global environment, such as the changes in Antarctic ozone hole and global climate, and are utilized for the formulation of international policies.

The Japan Coast Guard is conducting topological studies on the sea floor. The observation data is being used for creating hydrographic charts and also as the basis for research related to past environmental conditions such as glacial erosion and sedimentary environments. In addition, they conduct tidal observations and monitor the fluctuations in sea levels, which are closely tied to global warming.

## 2 Research and Prediction of the Global Environment

The Japan Meteorological Agency and the Meteorological Research Institute are developing prognostic models on changes in climate around Japan and the world, and actively participate in international research programs such as the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The Meteorological Research Institute conducts research on global warming predictions as well as development of Earth System Models including the carbon cycle processes, and actively contributed to the Fifth Assessment Report (published 2013 – 2014) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In addition, the Japan Meteorological Agency published the “Global Warming Projection Volume 8 in 2012, which showed a warming prediction around Japan more detailed than any in the past by using a sophisticated regional climate model.

In 2013, the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management published the results of research conducted