The Japan Meteorology Agency (hereinafter called JMA) has been announcing detailed meteorological information for disaster management to support livelihood and restoration activities in the afflicted areas. For instance, it has been occasionally delivering information on active aftershocks, and forecast and calling for evacuation from inundation and sediment disasters as early as possible by announcing heavy rain, flood, and sediment disaster warnings even at the point of lower risk. In addition, it has been announcing high tide cautions and sea level information for the coastal areas that experienced land subsidence. Furthermore, it established a portal website immediately after the disaster to provide various supporting information such as one sheet summaries with meteorological information about each of the affected municipalities. It also set up an English portal site to support activities of international organizations.

The JMA is planning to deliver adequate and accurate meteorological information for disaster management by restoring and reinforcing observation networks through the increase of temporary observatory points and the satellite backup of communication lines.

MLIT has promoted measures to prevent secondary disasters by high tide along around 50 kilometers of coast. To prevent inundation even in spring high tide, it has tried to recover coast levees by sandbagging until summer rainy season and strengthening the levees until typhoon season (prioritizing the levees behind which are located essential facilities for recovery or restoration of the afflicted areas).

MLIT promotes appropriate measures for full restoration, in coordination with city planning and recovery, and the restoration of industries in the affected areas.

## 54 : Temporary Recovery of Coastal Levee (Miyako City, Iwate)

Immediately after the earthquake (Mar. 18)

Temporarily reconstructed (Apr. 5)

MLIT promotes necessary measures against heavy rains and flooding from rivers. Because the four river systems in Tohoku (the Kitakami, Naruse, Natori and Abukuma Rivers) and the nationally controlled rivers such as the Tone and Naka Rivers in the Kanto region have many points where they significantly lost capacity to accommodate and lead water flow due to breached levees caused by the tsunami and levee subsidence due to liquefaction, MLIT immediately launched levee recovery and restoration, and tried to secure the same height and width as before by summer rainy season. At 53 points where levees were especially damaged, MLIT operated urgent reconstruction works. Furthermore, it strengthened warning and evacuation preparation by lowering the water level requirement for evacuation during rainy seasons.

Planned are full restoration of river levees including measures responding to land subsidence (securing the same levee height as before), countermeasures against liquefaction such as sheet piling, increased heights of levees (planned levee height), and automation and remote control of water gates. $ ^{1} $

As for suspension of sewage pump facilities for rain water drainage, which plays a role in urban drainage, MLIT promotes emergency response by temporarily restoring them using makeshift power sources or temporary pumps.