Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
番号	寄せられた御意見等	御意見等に対する考え方
13	この案では、結局、どの事務で特定個人情報が提供されるのかは、届出を受けての委員会による認否と公表によることになり、国民等が意見を述べる機会はなくなるので不適切である。定期的に届出を受けて改定することを前提に、規則で事務の名称等まで定め、改定過程で意見公募手続も行われるようにして、透明性を確保するべきである。	番号法第19条第14号では、特定個人情報の提供制限の例外について「その他これらに準ずるものとして特定個人情報保護委員会規則で定めるとき」と規定されています。これを受け、同条同号に基づき同条第7号に準ずるものとして作成するものが、本委員会規則となります。委員会規則においては、独自利用事務に係る情報連携を認める際の一定の要件(ルール)を規定し、委員会において届出内容をインターネットの利用その他の方法により公表することにより、透明性を確保することとしています。
14	附則において規則の施行を番号法附則第1条第5号に掲げる規定の施行の日(法の公布から4年を超えない範囲で政令で定める日)としている。このことについて、規則案第4条に規定する届出及び公表についても施行日後の作業になるのか。条例事務における特定個人情報保護評価の準備や、国民に対して条例事務においても情報提供・照会が行われる旨を広く知っていただくためにもより早期に届出と公表を行うべきだと考える。独自利用事務において実際に情報照会・提供を行うのは平成29年1月からになると思われるが、準備行為や国民への周知は事前に行えるのか。	御指摘を踏まえ、委員会規則を一部修正(附則を追加)しました。
15	第3条の第2号について、「類似」という定めは、どの程度まで「類似」かは自由裁量で判断できてしまうので不適切であり、客観的な基準を設けるべきである。	事務の類似性については、特定個人情報の提供を求める地方公共団体の長その他の執行機関において適切に判断し、委員会規則第4条第1項に基づき届出が行われるものと考えます。また、その後、委員会においても、第4条第3項に基づき事務の類似性を確認することとなります。なお、情報連携の対象となる事務の具体例については、夏を目途に公表する予定です。
16	主務省令に関する意見募集に際し、各都道府県及び政令指定都市が条例・規則等に基づき交付している知的障害者に関する手帳(療育手帳)に関して、「(略)番号利用が必要な場合には、法第九条第二項に基づき条例を制定し、情報連携をしていただくことになります。なお、療育手帳に関する特定個人情報の提供を可能とするためには、現行の法に基づく場合、法第十九条第十四号に基づく特定個人情報保護委員会規則に定める必要があると考えますが、当該委員会規則については、独立した第三者機関である特定個人情報保護委員会において検討が進められているものと承知しています。との回答を得ているが、今回示された内容を踏まえて以下の点について見解を確認したい。
・第三条において、「その事務を処理するために必要な特定個人情報を提供する者が当該法定事務を処理するために必要な特定個人情報を提供する情報提供者と同一又は当該情報提供者のいずれかに該当する者であって、かつ、その事務を処理するために必要な特定個人情報の範囲が、当該法定事務において提供を求める特定個人情報の範囲同一又はその一部であること。」となっているが、療育手帳については、別表第二の第四欄に掲げる特定個人情報として主務省令で定められていないことから、番号法第九条二項の条例を規定したとしても、情報連携はできないものと理解してよいか。
(理由)身体障害者手帳及び精神障害者保健福祉手帳交付の事務については、番号法別表第一及び第二に規定されているが、療育手帳については、番号法においての定めがないため。番号法第9条2項条例を制定したのち、委員会への届出を行うこととなっているが、届出の内容によって特定個人情報保護委員会が、規則連携を認めない可能性はないと考えてよいか。それとも、事前協議等の手続きが必要となるのか。その場合の手続きのフローは27年4月ごろには示されると考えてよいか。	お見込みのとおりですが、番号法別表第二の主務省令に療育手帳の情報について定めることが可能かどうかは、現在地方公共団体からの要望も踏まえて関係省庁で検討中であり、その方針については、関係省庁から今後示される予定です。
委員会規則第4条第2項の規定に基づき、委員会は、届出のあたり事項について、必要があると認めるときは、その届出をした地方公共団体の長その他の執行機関に対して、当該届出に係る事項について説明を求め、又は必要な訂正を求めることがあります。また、同条第3項の規定に基づき、委員会は、届出の内容が要件に該当すると認める場合は総務大臣に通知することとしています。
なお、地方公共団体において、届出から独自利用事務に係る情報連携までの事務が円滑に実施できるよう、平成29年7月から情報連携を実施する予定の地方公共団体については、本年5月末～6月を目途にヒアリングを行う予定です。ヒアリングに係る手続については、委員会規則の公布後、順次情報提供いたします。
また、情報連携の対象となる事務の具体例については、夏を目途に公表する予定です。
WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2010

Part1

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
# WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT, AND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2010 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT)

## Contents

Part I: National Spatial Development to Protect People's Lives and Livelihoods
- Overcoming the Great East Japan Earthquake, Unparalleled in History - Preface 1
Chapter 1: A Disaster Unparalleled in History and the Unified All-Out Operations of MLIT 3
Chapter 2: Issues with Building Disaster-Resistant National Land 67
# White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Part I National Spatial Development to Protect People's Lives and Livelihood - Overcoming the Great East Japan Earthquake Unparalleled in History-

## Preface

The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 and the tsunami caused thereby, resulted in the worst disaster since the end of the Second World War. In a country surrounded by ocean, fertile seaside regions nurtured by rich cultures and traditions, were devastated with the loss of numerous precious lives and livelihoods in mere moments.

Natural disasters repeatedly have hit Japan throughout history and we have accumulated knowledge from those past experiences to prepare for future disasters. However, many lives have been lost in natural disasters every year. Each life lost and each livelihood damaged in past disasters has immeasurable value. Among disasters in Japan's history, the Great East Japan Earthquake – combined with the first nuclear emergency the country has ever faced -- turned out to be unparalleled in its scale and in the level of widespread damage.

Japan experienced Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, in which more than 6,000 people were killed or went missing. Then it witnessed the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and tsunami of the Indian Ocean, during which more than 200,000 people were killed or went missing.

In Japan, huge disasters have repeatedly hit area around the Sanriku coast: the Meiji-Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami of 1896; the Showa-Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami of 1933; and the 1960 tsunami caused by earthquake in Chile. After each disaster, we strengthened our efforts to prepare for future disasters, repeatedly practicing disaster prevention drills and passing along our experiences to future generations.

Although such measures were effective and saved many lives in the Great East Japan Earthquake, the preparation was not enough.

It is impossible to fully imagine the sadness of the people who lost beloved ones. The disaster still continues for everyone, from infants to the elderly, especially for those whose houses were flooded by the tsunami and for those who were forced to evacuate from their hometowns due to the accidents at the nuclear power stations. There are nationwide and regional cooperative efforts to assist the victims.

The government of Japan and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (hereinafter called MLIT) have been making a concerted effort to support afflicted people with the primary objective being to save lives. We have also accelerated efforts to rebuild the livelihood of the afflicted regions and their people, through flexible and unprecedented approaches.
Even before the Great East Japan Earthquake, Japan had already come to a significant crossroad, searching for the ways to realize sustainable growth and overcome deepening regional distress under the structural changes of the Japanese economy and society, including an aging population, an enormous fiscal deficit, and heated global competition. After this disaster, while taking those issues into consideration, we are expected to rebuild regions by bringing new vitality, instead of bringing them back to their previous status.

MLIT will step forward with such measures in cooperation with those afflicted people and regions.

There will always be earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan. Our country is located above the boundary of four plates, where a possibility of a massive earthquake and tsunami will always exist. Scientists have sounded an urgent alarm for the possibility of massive earthquakes caused by crustal deformation (like the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai earthquakes) as well as an earthquake in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

In the words of Torahiko Terada, "A disaster happens when people least expect it." This admonishes our false sense of confidence in our preparations and our belief that mishaps will never happen. It is the essential foundation for disaster management. Building disaster-resistant regions is the primary mission of MLIT. It will never take for granted the lost and suffered lives, and will, as much as possible, take collective efforts to mitigate damages caused by natural disasters.

Japan had developed so rapidly after the Second World War that it became one of the world's prominent economic powers. In the process, we have overcome a lot of trials and tribulations, including the oil energy crisis and the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. We must pull together all our people's efforts to overcome this unparalleled national crisis and accomplish restoration to ensure the country's future. We must also pass our beautiful landscape from our ancestors to future generation.

We have received a great deal of help and acclaims from all over the world for our sense of composure and our unyieldingness in this great disaster. While appreciating such warm support, we must rebuild the livelihoods of the afflicted people, revive affected regions, and make our country safe and comfortable, bringing hope for the future. Sunrise comes after night without fail.
## Chapter 1: A Disaster Unparalleled in History and the Unified All-Out Operations of MLIT

## Section 1: Breakout of the Great East Japan Earthquake

1. Complex Disaster of Massive Earthquake, Huge Tsunami, and Nuclear Emergency.

The Biggest Earthquake in Japan's Recorded History

At 2:46 pm on March 11, 2011, Japan was hit with the largest natural disaster since the end of the Second World War. It is now referred to as the Great East Japan Earthquake $ ^{1} $ . Its epicenter was 24km deep off the Sanriku coast (about 130km east-southeast off the Ojika peninsula), and its power was magnitude 9.0, the worst and the largest in Japan's meteorological records. In the world's records since 1900, it falls into 4 $ ^{th} $ place, after significant earthquakes like the Chile Earthquake of 1960 and the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004.

1: Massive Earthquakes Worldwide since 1900

Year	Place	Moment Magnitude
1960	Chile	9.5
1964	Alaska	9.2
2004	West Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia	9.1
2011	Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan (Great East Japan Earthquake)	9.0
1952	Kamchatka peninsula	9.0
2010	Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile	8.8
1906	Off the Coast of Ecuador	8.8
1965	Rat Islands, Alaska	8.7
2005	Northern Sumatra, Indonesia	8.6
1950	Assam - Tibet	8.6
1957	Andreanof Islands, Alaska	8.6

Note: The moment magnitude (Mw) is calculated based on gaps between the faults, the cause of earthquakes. Source: MLIT, based on the source of the United States Geological Survey.

2: Comparison of Seismic Energy

Note: The horizontal axis shows moment magnitude (Mw); the size of the circles shows seismic energy (one greater magnitude means 32 times more energy). The Mw of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was 6.9. Source: MLIT
In this earthquake, intensity 7 was observed in Kurihara City in Miyagi after 6 and half years since the Mid-Niigata Earthquake. A widespread area experienced destructive shakings, including the prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Tochigi.

This massive earthquake was caused by plate deformation on the boundary between the Pacific plate and the overriding plates. The source area extended from off the coast of Iwate to off the coast of Ibaraki. It is estimated that the earthquake occurred because more than 450km long and 200km wide of the fault was destroyed with the slip of 20-30 meters. It is also considered that the destruction of the fault started off the coast of Miyagi and took around three minutes to run off the coast of Iwate and then to off the coast of Fukushima and Ibaraki. Due to the plate destruction, sea bed right above the epicenter moved east-southeast by 24km and was heaved by 3 km.

3: Seismic Intensity Map of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency.

## Massive Tsunami Hits a Wide Area

Three minutes after the outbreak of the massive earthquake, Japan Meteorological Agency (hereinafter called JMA) announced the warning of a huge tsunami on the Pacific coast in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima. Until the evening of March 13, the JMA continued to announce warnings in coastal areas of the country. The tsunami caused by the massive earthquake surged onto coasts in wide areas, from Hokkaido to Okinawa, centering along the Pacific coast along regions of Hokkaido, Tohoku and Kanto.

More than 9.3 meters, the maximum height recorded in domestic tsunami observatory points of JMA, was recorded at Soma in Fukushima (65 minutes after the earthquake). In Ayukawa, Ishinomaki City in Miyagi, more than 8.6 meters of tsunami was also recorded (40 minutes after the earthquake). In the places where the tsunami destroyed observatories, its height may have been higher than what was

## 4 : Massive Tsunami resulting from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Near Miyako-Ohashi, Iwate

Sources: Miyako City, Iwate (left); Ofunato City, Iwate (right).

Ofunato Area, Iwate
recorded. JMA estimates that a tsunami of 16.7m might have hit Ofunato City in Iwate, based on its research using records such as tsunami traces.

In the Taro district in Miyako City in Iwate, the tsunami overrode 10m of coastal levees and damaged a large area. Various academics and research institutions have looked into tsunami damages, one of which affirmed that the tsunami inundated the point of a 30m altitude $ ^{1} $ . Judging from that research, it is considered that the tsunami was higher than recorded at some areas, resulting in extraordinary damages.

5: Heights of Tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake

Maximum height recorded	Estimated height from traces etc.	Run-up height observed in vicinity
Hachinohe	4.2 metres or above	6.2 metres	-
Kuji Port	-	8.6 metres	13.4 metres
Miyako	8.5 metres or above	9.3 metres	7.8 - 28.8 (Taro)
Kamaishi	4.2 metres or above	9.3 metres	16.9 - 17.1 metres (Ryoishi)
Ofunato	8.0 metres or above	16.7 metres	11.0 - 23.6 metres (Ayasato-Shirahama/Nagasaki)
Ayukawa, Ishinomaki City	8.6 metres or above	7.7 metres	16.7 metres (Ogatsu)
Sendai Port	-	7.2 metres	9.9 metres (Sendai Minato Ward)
Soma	9.3 metres or above	8.9 metres	11.8 metres (Soma Port)

Source: MLIT based on materials of the Japan Meteorological Agency on heights of tsunami and of the Port and Airport Research Institute on run-up heights

## 6 : Trace Height of Tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake

Source: Preliminary reports by the joint survey group for Great East Japan Earthquake (http://www.coastal.jp/ttjt/) as of July 5th, 2011.
8: Time of 1st and Maximum Wave Hitting, and Maximum Height of Tsunami During the Great East Japan Earthquake

Note 1: While it was not possible to track the arrival time of the first wave in Toshimamori Port, Kamaishi, Ofunato, Ishinomaki City Ayukawa, and Soma, it is assumed that the first wave arrived instantly after the earthquake because the vicinity of the coast there is considered to be included in the wave source area.

2: Maximum heights of the tsunami in Tokachi Port, Tomakomai-higashi Port, Shiraoi Port, Tappi, Hachinohe, Miyako, Kamaishi, Ofunato, Ishinomaki City Ayukawa, and Soma are the highest values recorded at tsunami observatory points, which might be lower than actual wave heights.

Source: MLIT, based on materials of the Japan Meteorological Agency

The great tsunami literally swallowed whole towns and fishery settlements dotted across coves along the Sanriku coast. It also inundated a wide area of one of the biggest and best agricultural regions in Japan, extending about 5km from the coastline in Sendai Plain. Tidal waves ran up along rivers such as the Natori River and the Abukuma River, and changed the water level of Kitakami River at the point of 49 kilometers away from its estuary.

Our analysis of the Geographical Survey Institute’s aerial photos $ ^{1} $ and our field research $ ^{2} $ affirmed that the total inundated area in 62 municipalities of 6 prefectures (Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba) was about 535km2, which is 8.5 times as large as the area inside Tokyo’s Yamanote Line. Furthermore, more than 40% of the inundated areas were submerged in water over two meters high.
9: Area Inundated due to the Great East Japan Earthquake

Source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
10: Land Use of Tsunami-Inundated Area by Municipalities km $ ^{2} $

Source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

The tsunami took about a day to travel across the Pacific Ocean to the United States of America (e.g. Hawaii and the Pacific coast of the continent) and South American countries, causing damages there. $ ^{1} $

11: Diffusion of Tsunami Over the Pacific Ocean in the Great East Japan Earthquake

Note: Calculated results of an analysis model using ocean-floor seismic gauge data in the Pacific Ocean, etc. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States
## Frequent Occurrence of Aftershocks and Other Earthquakes

On March 9, two days before the Great East Japan Earthquake, an earthquake of magnitude 7.3 and a maximum intensity of 5 lower, with an epicenter was also off Sanriku, occurred in the northern area in Miyagi. Some other earthquakes that were considered to be the aftershocks intermittently followed.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, aftershocks have been frequently observed, not only in the epicenter belt of 500km long and 200km wide extending from off the coast of Miyagi to off the coast of Ibaraki, but also along the east side of the trench near the epicenter. Until August 11, the following aftershocks occurred: 2 of 6 upper intensity, 2 of 6 lower intensity, 8 of 5 upper intensity, 27 of 5 lower intensity, and 153 of 4 intensity. On April 7 an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 occurred. Its epicenter was off the coast of Miyagi and its maximum intensity of 6 upper was monitored in the northern and middle parts of Miyagi. On April 11 and 12 earthquakes of magnitudes 7.0 and 6.4 occurred. Their epicenter was in Hamadori in Fukushima and a maximum intensity of 6 lower was observed in Hamadori, Fukushima and places nearby. These massive aftershocks caused some deaths and casualties.

Japan Meteorological Agency has been calling for caution as there continues to be a high possibility of large aftershocks with strong intensities and tsunamis in the epicenter region of the Great East Japan Earthquake. $ ^{1} $

12: Aftershocks of the Great East Japan Earthquake

13: The Number of Aftershocks of Significant Earthquakes Originated in Oceanic Areas
The Great East Japan Earthquake accompanied crustal changes over wide areas across Tohoku, Kanto, and Koshinetsu regions. For example, more than five metres of horizontal crustal movement was observed in Oshika peninsula, Miyagi $ ^{1} $ . Furthermore, in spite of being located outside of aftershock areas, there are areas where seismic activities have become stronger in the Tohoku, Kanto and Chub regions. They are thought to be related to the Great East Japan Earthquake.

On March 12, there was an earthquake with a maximum intensity of six upper and with an epicenter in the northern part of Nagano. On March 15, an earthquake of maximum intensity of 6 upper occurred. Its epicenter was in the eastern part of Shizuoka. Each quake caused injuries and damages to buildings and transportation infrastructures.

Source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

## The Worst Nuclear Emergency in the History of Japan

The Great East Japan Earthquake resulted in the emergency cessation of eleven working nuclear reactors in the five premises along the Pacific coast in the Tohoku Region. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Company (hereinafter called TEPCO) lost all power sources, including back-ups, due to the huge tsunami. As a result, the cooling systems of its nuclear reactors were shut down. This accident is the worst nuclear emergency in Japanese history $ ^{2} $ .

This accident diffused radioactive substances across the vicinity, and the radiation level was determined to be at Level 7 of the International Nuclear Event Scale $ ^{3} $ , the most dangerous level and as much as that of the Chernobyl catastrophe.

Following the accident at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station was another nuclear emergency at the TEPCO
Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station. The government of Japan issued a warning to residents around the nuclear power stations. The government directed the evacuation of residents living within a 20-kilometre radius from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and within a 10-kilometre from the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station. Residents within a 20-to-30-kilometre radius of the Daiichi Power Station were asked to go to shelters inside buildings or to evacuate voluntarily. Furthermore, since April 11 (one month after the earthquake) officials have shown a plan for people to evacuate within about a month from areas where radiation level went high. In April 22, based on Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Management, the government designated areas within a 20-kilometre radius from the Daiichi power station, a "caution zone" and made them basically off-limits. In addition, an evacuation zone around the Daini Nuclear Power Station was decreased to an area with an 8-kilometre radius.

These areas and their neighboring areas were affected by a complex disaster, a combination of an earthquake, a tsunami, and serious nuclear accidents.

TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations had supplied 15% of the electric power in the TEPCO jurisdiction area, in which the Tokyo metropolitan area is included. Consequently, the accidents not also threatened local livelihood in Fukushima, but, due to the short supply of electricity, also affected other regions including the Tokyo metropolitan area.

15: Accidents at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Source: TEPCO

## Column - Concrete Pumps Utilized to Cool down TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (hereinafter called TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, where an explosion occurred, urgently needed a means to cool down the pool of used nuclear fuels in order to prevent radioactive material from spreading. While various measures were taken by police, fire services, and the Japan Self Defense Forces, it was decided that concrete pumps owned by construction companies would be used to spray water quickly and immediately on the premises where there was high radioactivity.

Chuo-Kensetsu in Yokkaichi, Mie, and Marukawa-syouji in Ena, Gifu, provided a total of 4 concrete pumps. Construction machinery companies in China also donated such vehicles.

Normally, a concrete pump is used for pumping concrete at building sites. However, the machine greatly contributed to cooling down the nuclear plant during an urgent situation.

Source: TEPCO (left), Marukawa-syouji (right)
16: Caution and evacuation Zone in the Accidents of the TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations

Caution zone (zone within 20km in radius)

## Legend

Planned evacuation zone (area enclosed by lines of red thick and pink: all Iitate Village; partial Kawamata Town, Katsurao Village and Namie Town farther than 20km in radius; partial Minami-Soma City farther than 20km in radius.)

Evacuation-ready zone (area enclosed by lines of red thick, pink, and orange: partial Minami-Soma City farther than 20km and nearer than 30km in radius; Tamura City farther than 20km in radius; Kawauchi Village and Naraha Town farther than 20km in radius; all Hirono Town.)

Radiation monitoring posts

* Note: The above boundaries include gross outline.

Since the boundary between Kawamata Town and Nihonmatsu City (old Towa Town) was partially changed in 2004, the current boundary (green) and old one (yellow green) are not matched.

Source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, as of April 26, 2011.