methane ( $ CH_{4} $ , generated by rice paddies and final waste disposal sites), dinitrogen monoxide ( $ N_{2}O $ , generated during the process of manufacturing some raw ingredients for chemical products and from livestock waste), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs, used as coolants for air conditioning devices), perfluorocarbons (PFCs, used in the production of semiconductors), sulfur hexafluoride ( $ SF_{6} $ , used in the production of semiconductors) and nitrogen trifluoride ( $ NF_{3} $ , used in the production of semiconductors; added in the second commitment period) as greenhouse gases that should be reduced.
HACCP	HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product.
Idle farmland	An idled farmland meets either of two provisions in Item 1 Article 32 Agricultural Land Act. The first provision cites a farmland that is unused for cultivation and is expected to remain unused for the purpose. The second cites a farmland that is used far less than other farmlands in the vicinity.
Japanese dietary pattern	A nutritionally well-balanced dietary pattern, mainly eating rice, combined with various types of side dishes using fish, meat, milk/dairy foods, vegetables, seaweed, pulse, fruits and tea.
Multiple farming (entity)	Entity with less than 60% of the sales value of agricultural products is from the sales of the top sector.
Semi-multiple farming (entity)	Farming (or a farming entity) where sales in the biggest division account for 60% to less than 80% of total farm product sales.
Regulatory science	Regulatory science is a science to bridge scientific knowledge and regulatory and other administrative policies and measures. It includes both research to acquire scientific knowledge available for considering administrative policies and measures and administration to decide policies and measures based on scientific knowledge.
Total agricultural output	In agricultural production, the total agricultural output is the total output of all finally completed agricultural goods. It is the amount of the item-based production volume of agricultural products minus intermediate products such as seeds and fodder to prevent overlapping calculations, multiplied by the price of each item when delivered from the farms.
Traceability	This means the ability to trace and follow the movement of an agricultural product, processed product, or other food, from where the food came and to where the food went. The establishment and maintenance of records regarding movements of foods through all stages of production, processing and distribution enables identification of the movements from production to distribution and facilitates rapid withdrawal in the case of a food incident.
Value chain	A value chain is a process of adding value at each step of production, processing, distribution and sales that are organically connected to each other.
“WASHOKU; traditional dietary cultures of the Japanese”	In December 2013, the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization registered “WASHOKU; traditional dietary cultures of the Japanese” as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. “WASHOKU” is a social practice associated with food, embodying the Japanese people’s spirit of “respect for nature” with characteristics such as (1) various fresh ingredients and respect for their natural flavors, (2) nutritional balance that supports healthy diets, (3) emphasis on the beauty of nature and changing of seasons in the presentation and (4) deep ties to New Year’s and other regular annual events. It is considered that Japanese people as a whole promote its protection and succession.
WTO	The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization established in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations, which has set a wide variety of multilateral trade rules. The WTO not only addresses new trade agenda but also implements and operates these current trade rules through a dispute settlement mechanism. The headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.