Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Source: MAFF, Census of Fisheries

Note: Number of operators for major types of fisheries.

## (5) Laws concerning aquaculture

Notes: 1) Figures obtained by dividing the aquaculture production volume of each species by the number of operators mainly engaged in the relevant type of aquaculture.

2) Algae: equivalent to the volume of fresh algae; shellfish: weight including the shells.

There are the following laws concerning promotion of aquaculture, the right to operate aquaculture, improvement of aquaculture areas, and securing of safety, etc.:

- Marine Resources Development Promotion Act: provisions on the general framework of aquaculture, such as species subject to promotion of aquaculture and the environment suitable for aquaculture.

- Fishery Act: provisions on the right to operate aquaculture in waters provided for use by the public (demarcated fishery right).

- Sustainable Aquaculture Production Assurance Act: improvement of aquaculture areas and prevention of the spread of specified diseases among farm-raised aquatic animals and plants.

- Act on the Protection of Fishery Resources: provisions on import quarantine on aquatic animals, etc..

- Pharmaceutical Affairs Act: securing safety of aquatic animal medicines and regulation on the methods of use of such medicines at the site.

- Law Concerning Safety Assurance and Quality Improvement of Feeds: provisions on setting of standards and specifications, provision on testing regarding aquaculture feeds and feed additives.

- Act on Standardization and Proper Quality Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products: provisions on labeling of aquaculture products.

[Outline of class 1–3 demarcated fishery rights]

* Of these, the right for fixed-installation culture, algae culture, hanging culture (excluding pearl culture), pen culture and shellfish culture categorized under class 3 is called a specific demarcated fishery right.

[Outline of the Sustainable Aquaculture Production Assurance Act]

## (6) Status of the world's aquaculture production

The world's aquaculture production volume was 90.4 million tons in 2012, accounting for 49.4% of the world's total fishery and aquaculture production volume. The aquaculture production volume has been on an increase mainly in China, rising by 69.3% from 2002 to 2012.

By species, the production volume of carps, barbels and other cyprinids is the largest, accounting for 28.1% of the total, followed by red seaweeds at 12.9 million tons (14.3% of the total), brown seaweeds at 8.0 million tons (8.8% of the total), clams, cockles and arkshells at 5.0 million tons (5.5% of the total), and oysters at 4.7 million tons (5.2% of the total).

Looking at the top five countries with the largest aquaculture production volume for 2012, China ranked highest at 53.9 million tons, accounting for 59.7% of the total, with Indonesia ranking second at 9.6 million tons (10.6% of the total), India ranking third at 4.2 million tons (4.7% of the total), Vietnam ranking fourth at 3.3 million tons (3.7% of the total), and the Philippines ranking fifth at 2.5 million tons (2.8% of the total). Japan ranks 11th at 1.1 million tons (1.2% of the total).
[Changes in the world's aquaculture production volume (by species group)]

Source: Compiled by Fisheries Agency based on FAO, Fishstat (Aquaculture production)

[Changes in the world's aquaculture production volume

Source: Compiled by Fisheries Agency based on FAO, Fishstat (Aquaculture production)

[World's aquaculture production volume by country (2012)]

Source: FAO, Fishstat (Aquaculture production) and MAFF, Annual Statistics on Fishery and Aquaculture Production

## Section 2: Challenges facing aquaculture production

## (1) Aquaculture business management

## (Characteristics of price trends of aquaculture products)

The yellowtail market is divided into the market of cultured yellowtail mainly to be consumed raw as sashimi and that of wild yellowtail mainly to be consumed cooked due to their generally small size. The average unit price tends to be higher for cultured yellowtail. In the case of red sea bream, however, the markets of cultured and wild red sea bream overlap, and the unit price has converged to that of cultured red sea bream that is supplied in larger volume.

The unit price of cultured yellowtail tends to decline when its production volume increases. Since the production volume fluctuates, the price is unstable. The unit price of cultured red sea bream has been rising in recent years in line with a decline in the production volume.

In the case of scallops, oysters, and lavers, the price trends of cultured products decide the overall price trends. The unit prices of scallops and oysters have been stable at a low level. The unit price of lavers has been falling in spite of a declining trend in the production volume.

[Changes in the unit prices and production volumes of yellowtails and red sea bream]

Source: Compiled by Fisheries Agency based on MAFF, Annual Statistics on Fishery and Aquaculture Production
[Changes in the fishery and aquaculture production volume and value]

Production volume (10,000 tons)

Production value (trillion yen)

2012 (1,000 tons)
Production volume	Total	4,864
Marine	4,797
Fishery	3,758
Far-seas fishery	458
Offshore fishery	2,209
Coastal fishery	1,090
Aquaculture	1,040
Inland water	67
Fishery	33
Aquaculture	34

2012 (100 million yen)
Production value	Total	14,178
Marine	13,288
Fishery	9,156
Far-seas fishery	...
Offshore fishery	...
Coastal fishery	...
Aquaculture	4,132
Inland water	891
Fishery	180
Aquaculture	710

Source: MAFF, Annual Statistics on Fishery and Aquaculture Production

### B. Trends in fishery business management (Status of fishery business management)

The average price of fishery products in production areas, which marked 128 yen/kg in 2009, has been increasing since then. The price in 2013 was 174 yen/kg due to a rise in prices of mass-caught migrating fish such as mackerels, saury and squids.

The average fishery earnings of coastal fishery households with fishing vessels have been shifting above 2 million yen. The earnings in 2012 were 2.04 million yen, which was about the same level as the previous year.

O Looking at the business management status of corporate operators engaged in fisheries using fishing vessels, their average fishery profit has been in the deficit in recent years. In FY2012, although fishery sales increased by 8.14 million yen over the previous year, fishery expenditure also increased by 8.99 million yen, so the deficit expanded over the previous year.

The fuel price has risen sharply over the past ten years due to increased demand for fuel in emerging countries, instability of the situation in the Middle East, which is a major oil-producing area, the effect of speculative funds, and rapid fluctuations in exchange rates. The price of fuel oil A, which is mainly used in fisheries, is 101.5 yen/L (as of April 1, 2014).

[Changes in the prices of fishery products in production areas]

Source: Figures for 2003 to 2009 are compiled by the Fisheries Agency based on MAFF, Annual Report of Distribution Statistics on Fisheries Products, and figures for 2010 to 2013 are based on Fisheries Agency survey

Note: “Fishery products average” is a weighted average of tuna (fresh, frozen), albacore (fresh, frozen), bigeye tuna (fresh, frozen), yellowfin tuna (fresh, frozen), bonito (fresh, frozen), sardine, round herring, anchovy, horse mackerel, round scad, mackerels, saury, Atka mackerel, and Japanese common squid (fresh, frozen).

[Changes in the price of fuel oil A for fishery]
(2) Trends in fishery cooperatives

(2) Trends in fishery cooperatives
(Promote the acquisition of HACCP authorization)

O The national government has supported the holding of workshops and the renovation of fishery processing/distribution establishments for the acquisition of HACCP authorization. Toward speedy acquisition of EU-HACCP authorization, a liaison council was established with the membership of the Fisheries Agency, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, local governments and industrial associations, and has held meetings. O As of the end of March 2014, the number of facilities authorized for exports to the EU was 29, and that of facilities authorized for exports to the United States was 252.
(Trends of fishery eco-label certification within Japan)
O In order to allow consumers to identify whether fishery products in the store have been harvested in conformity with resource management measures or ecosystem conservation measures, fishery eco-label certification for labeling fishery products with such information has become active. O An early global effort of fishery eco-label certification was such certification granted by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), established jointly the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and a leading food company, Unilever, in 1997. In Japan, the MSC has granted fishery certification for three cases, and chain of custody (CoC) certification for 65 cases as of the end of March 2014. O Under the initiative of fishery organizations in Japan, Marine Eco-Label (MEL) Japan started fishery eco-label certification in 2007. As of March 2014, MEL Japan has granted production-stage certification for 20 cases and processing/distribution stage certification for 49 cases.

## Section 4: Trends in consumption and the supply and demand of fish and fishery products

## (1) Trends in the supply and demand of fish and fishery products

In FY2012, the supply of fish and fishery products for domestic consumption in Japan (original fish weight equivalent) was 8.17 million tons (approximate), out of which 6.52 million tons (80%) were for human consumption and 1.66 million tons (20%) were for non-human consumption (feed and fertilizers).

The supply for domestic human consumption decreased by 750,000 tons (10%) from FY2007 since the domestic production volume and the import volume both declined.

The self-sufficiency rate of Japan's fish and fishery products for human consumption in FY2012 was 58%, the same as the previous year, because while the domestic production volume decreased and the import volume increased, the export volume also increased.

[Structure of production and consumption of fish and fishery products in Japan and changes thereof]

[Changes in the self-sufficiency rate, etc. of fish and fishery products for human consumption]
(Implementation of technology development, etc. for enhancing the production capacity of fishing grounds)

Based on the results of research on fishing ground environments conducted by the end of FY2012, from FY2013, the Fisheries Research Agency and fishery-related research institutes, etc. of the affected prefectures have jointly engaged in the development of improved fishery gear, technology for recovering the functions of fishing grounds and technology for improving the environment of aquaculture sites for smoothly carrying out coastal fisheries and aquaculture in affected fishing grounds.

## (Efforts toward collaborative operations in affected areas)

In affected areas, efforts for collaborative operations have been made, aiming to resume fisheries as early as possible by jointly using the small number of production facilities available. Local fishery cooperatives play a significant role in the resumption of fisheries through collaborative operations, by owning joint facilities and acting as a coordinator.

## [Case example: Aquaculture using facilities for shared use (Iwate Prefecture: Shin Otsuchi Fishery Cooperative)]

O tsuchi Town in Iwate Prefecture was a place where aquaculture of wakame seaweed, scallops, oysters, kelp, sea squirt, etc. was actively conducted. However, 422 wakame seaweed rafts, 370 scallop rafts, 31 oyster rafts, 72 sea squirt rafts and 37 kelp rafts were washed away by the Great East Japan Earthquake.

With an aim to achieve the earliest possible reconstruction, the Otsuki Town plan for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunamis (basic plan) was formulated. In March 2012, the Shin Otsuki Fishery Cooperative was established, and promoted shared use of fishing vessels and aquaculture facilities. As a result, quick development of facilities and early recovery could be achieved with little initial investment.

Wakame seaweed aquaculture for which reconstruction efforts are under way

With the Shin Otsuchi Fishery Cooperative local aquaculture reconstruction project authorized as a reconstruction plan under the Fishery Agency’s fisheries/aquaculture reconstruction support project, steady efforts are being made toward reconstruction.
Emperor's Cup Award

Uramura Japanese Littleneck Clam Study Group, Uramura Branch, JF Toba Isobe

(Representative: Daisuke Asao)

(Toba City, Mie Prefecture)

Six young oyster aquaculture operators formed the Uramura Japanese Littleneck Clam Study Group in 2010. In cooperation with research institutes, they repeatedly conducted seed collection tests and aquaculture tests to establish new commercially-based Japanese littleneck clam aquaculture technology, and made significant contributions to achieve progress in this area.

#### Prime Minister’s Award Yamasa Kamaboko Co., Ltd. (Representative: Kazuyoshi Nada) (Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture)

In the Kansai region in western Japan, daggertooth pike conger is a luxury foodstuff that has been traditionally eaten to celebrate auspicious occasions such as festivals. Yamasa Kamaboko made efforts to develop a new product that represents the authentic characteristics of this pike conger and finally completed and put on sale an eye-pleasing and hearty product brimming with rustic beauty made in the very image of a dried and split daggertooth pike conger.

#### Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan Promotion Association Chairperson's Award Ajino Kakunoya Co., Ltd. (Representative: Kazuo Noda) (Hachinohe City, Aomori Prefecture)

Based on the lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake, Ajino Kakunoya has focused on creating "products that can be eaten even when there is no electricity, gas or water" and "homemade taste that brings you peace of mind even in a time of emergency." Based on this product concept and using ingredients including the local brand fish, Hachinohe Maeoki Mackerel, the company developed a ready-to-eat product that is delicious heated or straight out of the package.
2 Appropriately managing the fisheries insurance system

2 Making fisheries a highly value-added industry

3 Precisely implementing fishery business support measures, such as finance and credit guarantee

4 Securing and training fishery workers and promoting the participation of women

O Fishers/fishing companies that can engage in fishery activities in a sustainable manner will be fostered by training and securing human resources. In order to secure new recruits and develop successors in the fishing industry, funds will be provided to such people at the job preparation phase. Also, the government will support the holding of fishery job consultation meetings and long-term training at fishery sites.

## V I Ensuring stable supply of safe fishery products based on sustainable development of the processing and distribution industries and expanded consumption

1 Enhancing information provision to consumers

2 Promoting dissemination of a fish-rich diet

3 Promoting quality and hygiene control measures for distribution of fishery products

4 Constructing diverse distribution routes

5 Increasing added value based on fishery processing and expanding sales channels

The government will promote distribution and expand consumption of domestic fishery products by clearing any clogging in the distribution from upstream (production area) to downstream (consumption area) and meeting consumer needs.
[Outline of the project for promoting distribution of domestic fishery product]

○ Amid a sharp decline in consumption of fishery products (40.2 kg/capita/year in 2001 → 28.5 kg/capita/year in 2011), it is urgent to promote distribution of domestic fishery products by clearing any clogging in the distribution

○ The government will comprehensively support the distribution of domestic fishery products from upstream (production area) to downstream (consumption area) both through soft measures and hard measures.

• Subsidizing the costs for purchasing equipment necessary to promote distribution

Subsidy for storage/transportation costs

• Subsidizing the interest on purchase payment, storage costs, processing costs, transportation costs, etc. for domestic fishery products pertaining to efforts to promote distribution

6 Ensuring an appropriate supply-and-demand balance by demonstrating processing/distribution functions

7 Promoting exports of fishery products

8 Securing imports of fishery products

## V II Developing safe and vibrant fishing communities

## 1 Strengthening disaster-prevention functions and disaster-mitigation measures of fishing ports and fishing communities

The government will increase the disaster-prevention capacity of fishing ports and fishing communities by diagnosing the functions of fishing port facilities and promoting measures to make the structure of breakwaters tenacious and make the piers earthquake-resistant, as well as promoting “multiple protection” measures using both breakwaters and seawalls.

[Outline of fisheries infrastructure development projects]

## National resilience measures

[Challenges and countermeasures]

•Massive damage assumed to be caused by large-scale earthquakes, etc.

•Growing concerns among residents about possible damage from waves, high tide, earthquakes, and tsunamis

•Extending the life-span and strengthening the disaster-prevention functions of fishing port facilities •Promoting “multiple protection” measures through collaboration among fishing ports, fishing communities and coast facilities

Ground subsidence of a fishing port caused by the tsunami and the status of reconstruction through raising embankments

## Hygiene control measures for distribution centers

[Challenges and countermeasures]

• Stagnant consumption of domestic fishery products

• Need for expanding demand by encouraging exports of fishery products

• Promoting quality/hygiene control measures at distribution centers for domestic fishery products, centering on strategic export items

Landing pier for which measures against bird and animal damage have been taken

Closed-structure fish wholesale market facility

## Fishery resource recovery measures

•Low-resource-level fishery resources still accounting for about 40% of all resources

•Constant shrinkage of seagrass beds and tidal flats

•Promoting development of a stable fishery product supply system through wide-area resource management

Conservation/creation of seagrass beds

Artificial reef fishing ground
## 2 Maintaining and strengthening fishing port functions that serve as the foundation for a stable supply of fishery products

From the viewpoint of appropriately maintaining fishing port functions to support stable provision of fishery products and effectively using the existing stock of fishing ports, the government will promote well-planned repair and upgrading of fishing port facilities

3 Using local resources and demonstrating the multiple functions of the fishing industry and fishing communities

The government will promote revitalization of the fishing industry and fishing communities and revival of the fishing industry by supporting the activities of fishers, etc. to demonstrate the multiple functions of the fishing industry and fishing communities

The government will encourage the creation of “seashore revitalization plans” which are plans for comprehensive and concrete measures for revitalizing the local community centering on the fishing industry.

[Project for revitalizing the fishing industry and fishing communities through “seashore revitalization plans”]

The national government will actively support the efforts of the respective areas to revitalize fishing communities and realize a robust fishing industry based on the “seashore revitalization plans” they have voluntary formulated.

## V III Enhancing technological development and investigative research that supports the fishing industry

## I X Reorganizing and developing fishery-related organizations

1 Reorganizing fishery-cooperative organizations

2 Securing the business infrastructure of fisheries insurance organization

## X Other important measures

2 Promoting the creation and use of statistics that support policy needs
XI Necessary items for comprehensively and systematically promoting fishery-related measures

1 Implementing measures based on the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2 Efficiently promoting measures through coordination between relevant ministries and agencies

3 Implementing measures from a public interest perspective based on the needs of consumers and the public

4 Promoting demonstrations of independence, originality, and ingenuity by business operators and production areas

5 Administrating fiscal measures in an efficient and focused manner
## ＜第２　原子力災害からの復興への支援＞

## ○食品中の放射性物質対策の推進(復興)

98百万円（1.2億円）

食品中の放射性物質の安全対策を推進するため、食品中の放射性物質の摂取量等の調査や流通段階での買上調査を実施するなどの取組を行う。

## ○東京電力福島第一原発作業員や復旧・復興従事者への対応【一部新規】

10億円(9.9億円)

中長期ロードマップの改訂を踏まえ、東京電力福島第一原発作業員の被ばく低減対策の強化を図るとともに、東京電力福島第一原発作業員の被ばく防護措置等について、立入調査等による適切な指導を行う。

また、被ばく線量等管理データベースを運用するとともに、緊急作業従事者に対し、健康相談や保健指導を行うほか、一定の被ばく線量を超えた場合には、がん検診等を実施する。

さらに、放射線被ばくによる健康影響を明らかにするため、緊急作業従事者を対象にした疫学的研究を実施する。

加えて、事業主が原発事故からの復旧・復興従事者の放射線管理を適正に行えるよう、中小零細企業の団体に対する指導を行う。