Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## Article: Reaction to Activists Claiming Sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands

In recent years, the activities of protesters from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong claiming sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands (activities to claim the Diaoyu Islands) have intensified, and there are incidents in which these protesters have entered the sea area of the Senkaku Islands in their vessels and intruded into the territorial waters of Japan.

The Immigration Bureau has handled the activists claiming sovereignty in close contact with the related government bodies, mainly the Cabinet Secretariat (officers in charge of security and crisis management). For example, the Immigration Bureau took immigration control officers on the patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard, which were conducting activities to surveil the sea area around the Senkaku Islands, to participate in those activities along with the Japan Coast Guard and the police.

## ③ Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2014, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 6,702, accounting for 62.8%. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who are hiding out somewhere in Japan are working illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers, and have a serious negative impact on a fair labor market. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Some foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

The amended Immigration Control Act enforced on July 1, 2010 stipulates any act of a foreign national aiding another foreign national to engage in illegal work, such as through employment of the foreign national, to be one of the grounds for deportation (Article 24, item (iii)-4 of the Immigration Control Act). Thus, the Immigration Bureau promotes regulations on foreign nationals who encourage illegal work.

## (2) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality/Region

Illegal workers came from 69 countries/regions, mainly from neighboring Asian countries, indicating that there is still a trend being diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 2,819 accounting for 42.1%, followed by the Philippines (763, accounting for 11.4%), Viet Nam (701, accounting for 10.5%), Thailand (681, accounting for 10.2%), and R.O.Korea (606, accounting for 9.0%). These top five countries represented 83.1% of the total. As a trend in recent years, Chinese illegal workers have accounted for a high percentage (Table 30).
Table 30 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/Region	Year	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702
Male	10,943	7,954	5,346	4,356	4,160
Female	7,547	5,959	3,633	2,682	2,542
China	6,039	4,876	3,082	2,909	2,819
Male	3,887	2,968	1,981	1,943	1,869
Female	2,152	1,908	1,101	966	950
Philippines	3,573	2,632	1,589	968	763
Male	1,491	1,052	629	394	308
Female	2,082	1,580	960	574	455
Viet Nam	722	521	380	461	701
Male	483	323	271	312	454
Female	239	198	109	149	247
Thailand	1,171	843	567	442	681
Male	645	456	318	272	384
Female	526	387	249	170	297
R.O.Korea	2,590	1,918	1,356	866	606
Male	985	670	525	311	237
Female	1,605	1,248	831	555	369
Indonesia	675	397	267	233	231
Male	518	333	218	193	193
Female	157	64	49	40	38
Sri Lanka	554	365	246	136	119
Male	507	335	230	127	112
Female	47	30	16	9	7
Mongolia	231	201	90	81	101
Male	132	111	51	47	72
Female	99	90	39	34	29
Nepal	277	179	117	97	75
Male	215	122	85	78	47
Female	62	57	32	19	28
Brazil	165	183	182	96	68
Male	125	149	141	74	55
Female	40	34	41	22	13
Others	2,493	1,798	1,103	749	538
Male	1,955	1,435	897	605	429
Female	538	363	206	144	109

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (3) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

Illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken consisted of 4,160 male illegal workers (accounting for 62.1%) and 2,542 female illegal workers (accounting for 37.9%). The percentage was almost the same percentage as 2013.
## (4) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers was construction workers (1,336, accounting for 19.9%), followed by factory workers (1,230, accounting for 18.4%), and agricultural workers (946, accounting for 14.1%).

In addition, according to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as construction workers followed by factory workers and agricultural workers, while the largest number of female workers worked as attendants such as bar hostesses followed by factory workers and agricultural workers (Table 31).

Table 31 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

Year	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Job Categories
Total	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702
Male	10,943	7,954	5,346	4,356
Female	7,547	5,959	3,633	2,682
Construction worker	2,383	1,772	1,154	1,151	1,336
Male	2,358	1,750	1,146	1,323
Female	25	22	8	13
Factory worker	4,168	2,809	1,623	1,301	1,230
Male	2,846	1,869	1,124	895
Female	1,322	940	499	406
Agricultural worker	887	783	592	695	946
Male	670	554	432	507
Female	217	229	160	188
Attendants such as bar hostess	2,679	2,011	1,365	837	629
Male	240	120	114	80
Female	2,439	1,891	1,251	757
Other labor worker	1,715	1,527	907	580	525
Male	1,347	1,173	700	440
Female	368	354	207	140
Worker in other service industry	1,166	961	575	452	413
Male	490	379	258	161
Female	676	582	317	291
Others	5,492	4,050	2,763	2,022	1,623
Male	2,992	2,109	1,572	1,129
Female	2,500	1,941	1,191	893

## (5) Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

It has been identified that illegal workers are working in 46 prefectures. According to the statistics by place of work by prefecture, the largest number was found in Tokyo (1,175, accounting for 17.5%), followed by Ibaraki prefecture (1,047, accounting for 15.6%), Chiba prefecture (955, accounting for 14.2%), Aichi prefecture (794, accounting for 11.8%), and Kanagawa prefecture (656, accounting for 9.8%) (Table 32).

According to the statistics by region, the number of illegal workers in Tokyo and the six prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma, and Tochigi) in the Kanto district was 4,557 (accounting for 68.0%), making up most of the total, and the number of illegal workers in the nine prefectures in the Chubu district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) was also at a high level of 1,262, accounting for 18.8%. Illegal workers in the Kanto and Chubu districts, standing at 86.8% (5,819), accounted for a substantial percentage of the total number of illegal workers.
Table 32 Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by area

(People)

Year Prefecture	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038	6,702
Tokyo	3,462	2,763	1,740	1,389	1,175
Ibaraki	1,805	1,286	891	752	1,047
Chiba	2,316	1,919	1,088	945	955
Aichi	2,188	1,637	1,188	954	794
Kanagawa	2,594	1,663	967	680	656
Saitama	1,528	1,112	616	539	460
Osaka	894	623	517	366	273
Hyogo	190	179	153	130	184
Gunma	717	447	249	243	155
Shizuoka	439	371	215	167	137
Others	2,357	1,913	1,355	873	866
# Article: At the Front Line of Immigration Control Administration (voice of an immigration control officer in charge of detection of offenders) (Enforcement Department, Fukuoka Regional Immigration Bureau: Yuki Atari)

The main work of the department in charge of the detection of offenders to which I belong is to investigate the facts of the violations and to expose those foreign nationals who are suspected of coming under the grounds for deportation as prescribed in the Immigration Control Act. Based on information provided by the general public and reports from the relevant organizations, we make inquiries to the administrative organs, such as the city

office, and to private companies, conduct secret investigations comprising legwork, takeouts, and tailing of suspects, and expose the suspect if the violation is confirmed.

The “secret investigations” comprising legwork, takeouts and the tailing of suspects are carried out with the aim of identifying the residence, identity and operational areas of the suspect, and are indispensable in order to smoothly and efficiently carry out the exposure. If this secret investigation were to be noticed by the suspect, there is the risk that the suspect would attempt to flee or destroy evidence, and therefore we must always be wary paying close attention to our surroundings while conducting investigations. Since we sometimes carry out a compulsory investigation pursuant to permission received from the court for an inspection, search or seizure based on the evidence that has been collected in the secret investigation, this work can be said to be of extreme importance.

Since there is the possibility at the site of the exposure that there will be unforeseen circumstances, such as the suspect attempting to flee or interference with the exposure, we hold painstaking meetings in advance and ensure that all of the persons involved in the exposure are on the same page with regard to the exposure. In addition, in order to ensure that I am able to respond accurately in the event of a dangerous situation, I try to practice physical and mental discipline every day and work hard to enhance my physical fitness.

In the future, ahead of the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games to be held in 2020, Japan has set an objective as a tourism-oriented country of 20 million foreign tourists visiting Japan, and since there are bound to be unwelcome foreign nationals included in this number, I am determined as an immigration officer to work hard to maintain the security of Japan.
## 4 Outline of Decisions on Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Processing of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspected of coming under any of the grounds for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to undergo the procedures for decisions on violations after an investigation by an immigration control officer. These procedures consist of three steps: examination of the violation by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision of the Minister of Justice.

Decision on violation

The number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation in 2014 was 11,645, which has been declining continuously since 2006 (Table 33).

Table 33 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

Division	Year	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	25,731 (1,375)	21,584 (771)	16,103 (748)	12,523 (793)	11,645 (670)
Completed	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	10	5	4	5	-
Issuance of written deportation order	11,386	7,628	5,640	4,729	4,482
Request for hearing	8,164	8,577	6,949	4,279	3,647
Issuance of written departure order	5,186	4,501	2,594	2,478	2,592
Not completed, others	985	873	916	1,032	924
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	8,777 (587)	9,286 (674)	7,755 (711)	4,942 (582)	4,282 (527)
Completed	Error in the findings	1	3	-	-	-
Issuance of written deportation order	112	120	101	96	74
Filing of an objection	7,949	8,389	6,952	4,226	3,596
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	715	774	702	620	612
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Receipt	8,756 (712)	9,017 (526)	7,485 (459)	4,776 (505)	3,936 (297)
Completed	Objection with reason	-	7	2	1	1
Objection without reason	8,107	8,440	6,887	4,428	3,544
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	649	570	596	347	391

(*) The numbers indicated in parentheses are carry-over cases from the previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.
The number of requests for a hearing after examination of the violation in 2014 was 3,647 accounting for 31.3% of the total number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation, a decline of 632 (14.8%) from 2013 (Chart 17).

Chart 17 Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing

The number of objections filed by foreign nationals who were not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing was 3,596 in 2014, a decline of 630 (14.9%) from 2013 (Table 33).

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2014 was 5,821. According to the statistics by grounds for the deportation, the cases of overstaying amounted to 3,574, accounting for 61.4% of the total, while the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 12.6%, both of which showed almost the same percentage as 2013 (Table 34).

Table 34 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	13,277	9,348	7,329	6,425	5,821
Overstay	8,665	5,588	4,270	3,907	3,574
Illegal entry	2,956	2,014	1,430	1,001	733
Illegal landing	113	138	134	164	160
Activity other than those permitted	735	510	622	491	405
Criminal offenses	477	771	576	501	404
Others	331	327	297	361	545
According to the statistics by nationality/region in 2014, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued with written deportation orders came from China (2,297, accounting for 39.5% of the total), followed by the Philippines (671, accounting for 11.5%), and Viet Nam (644, accounting for 11.1%) (Chart 18).

Chart 18 Changes in the number of issuances of written deportation orders by nationality/region

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2014, the number of foreign nationals detained under a written detention order who were accorded provisional release was 1,293, a decline of 217 (14.4%) from 2013. The number of foreign nationals detained under a written deportation order who were accorded provisional release was 926, a decrease of 345 (27.1%) from 2013 (Table 35).

Table 35 Changes in the number of cases of permission for provisional release

Year	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Type of Order
By written detention order	2,095	2,131	2,128	1,510	1,293
By written deportation order	1,012	1,062	1,137	1,271	926
## (4) Special Permission to Stay in Japan

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan from the Minister of Justice in 2014 was 2,291, a decline of 549 (19.3%) from 2013.

Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan had established close relationships with Japanese nationals such as through marriage. Also in many cases they had settled down in Japan in many respects.

Of the foreign nationals with special permission to stay in Japan despite coming under the grounds for deportation, the grounds for the largest number in 2014 was overstaying (1,643 accounting for 71.7%), followed by illegal entry and illegal landing, jointly accounting for 9.7%. Overstaying, illegal entry and illegal landing accounted for 81.4% of the total (Table 36).

Table 36 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	6,359	6,879	5,336	2,840	2,291
Overstay	4,939	5,569	4,304	2,161	1,643
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	1,044	827	491	270	223
Criminal offenses, etc.	376	483	541	409	425

According to the statistics by nationality/region in 2014, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay in Japan came from China (421, accounting for 18.4%), followed by Korea (286, accounting for 12.5%) (Table 37).

Table 37 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by nationality/region

Nationality/Region	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	6,359	6,879	5,336	2,840	2,291
China	1,098	1,146	809	422	421
Korea	815	898	693	400	286
Others	4,446	4,835	3,834	2,018	1,584

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## 5 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of deported foreign nationals decreased by 248 (4.3%) from 2013 to 5,542 in 2014.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of deported foreign nationals was from China (2,282, accounting for 41.2%), followed by Viet Nam (627, accounting for 11.3%), the Philippines (616, accounting for 11.1%), Thailand (483, accounting for 8.7%), and R.O.Korea (456, accounting for 8.2%) (Table 38).
Table 38 Changes in the number of deportees by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/Region	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	13,224	8,721	6,459	5,790	5,542
China	4,266	2,997	2,389	2,284	2,282
Viet Nam	569	370	340	432	627
Philippines	2,439	1,552	972	796	616
Thailand	726	479	317	400	483
R.O.Korea	1,715	1,171	964	665	456
Indonesia	502	248	164	134	159
Sri Lanka	419	196	141	93	123
Brazil	226	204	143	102	76
Peru	384	222	137	101	70
Iran	174	140	126	105	53
Others	1,804	1,142	766	678	597

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

The means of deportation are roughly divided into the three categories of “voluntary departure” where the deportee himself or herself pays for the deportation costs, “deportation at the expense of the Government of Japan” where the Japanese government pays for the deportation costs by reason of the deportee not having the necessary funds for deportation or other reasons, and “deportation in accordance with Article 59” where the deportee is deported on the responsibility and at the expense of the carrier operating the aircraft or vessel on which the deportee was brought to Japan.

Deportation

Table 39 Changes in the number of deportees by means of deportation

(People)

Year Measure of Deportation	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	13,224	8,721	6,459	5,790	5,542
Voluntary departure	12,812	8,379	6,170	5,382	5,228
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	106	86	78	54	47
Individual deportation at the expense of the government	291	231	191	208	203
Group deportation at the expense of the government	0	0	0	121	32
Others	0	0	0	0	0
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	15	25	20	25	32

$ ^{*1} $ “Group deportation at the expense of the government” refers to group deportation through the use of private chartered aircraft paid for by the Japanese government.

$ ^{*2} $ “Others” are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each of the deportees.
## (1) Deportation at the Expense of Foreign National (Voluntary Departure)

Of the foreign nationals whom deportation orders had been issued, those who wished to depart Japan voluntarily at their own expense had decreased by 154 (2.9%) from 2013 to 5,228 (94.3%) in 2014 (Table 39, 40).

The Immigration Bureau deports deportees as soon as the requirements necessary for deportation, such as the passport, air ticket or travel expenses, have been fulfilled. However, with regard to those who do not fulfill the requirements for deportation, the Immigration Bureau not only enforces the deportation procedures but also instructs deportees to make contact with relevant people in Japan or their home countries in order to ask for financial assistance for deportation. In cases where deportees do not possess a passport, the Immigration Bureau asks foreign diplomatic establishments in Japan for the early issuance of a passport for the deportee.

Table 40 Changes in the number of deportees through voluntary departure by nationality/region

YearNationality/Region	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Total	12,812	8,379	6,170	5,382	5,228
China	4,232	2,972	2,364	2,263	2,257
Viet Nam	564	363	331	424	608
Philippines	2,368	1,494	926	680	578
Thailand	717	473	312	339	467
R.O.Korea	1,704	1,158	947	652	448
Indonesia	496	244	164	130	154
Sri Lanka	404	186	135	86	91
Brazil	172	139	95	69	49
Mongolia	149	88	46	48	49
Iran	142	123	114	101	48
Others	1,864	1,139	736	590	479

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

## (2) Deportation at the Expense of the Government of Japan

As illegal foreign residents tend to stay for a longer period than they used to and tend to have more diversified lifestyles and backgrounds, an increasing number of foreign nationals who have been issued with a deportation order suffer from illness, refuse deportation for various reasons, or remain in detention because they cannot afford travel expenses. Of these foreign nationals, the number of those deported at the expense of the government in consideration of individual circumstances stood at 235 (4.2%) in 2014 and had decreased by 94 (28.6%) from 2013.

Moreover, in 2014, in order to implement safe and secure deportations, 32 foreign nationals were deported using a private chartered plane (Table 39).
## (3) Deportation at the Expense of and on the Responsibility of Carriers

Any carrier who operates an aircraft or vessel must promptly send deportees out of Japan at its own expense and on its own responsibility under certain conditions (deportation under Article 59 of the Immigration Control Act) (*). The number of foreign nationals deported in this way in 2014 was 47 (0.8%), a decline of 7 (13.0%) from 2013 (Table 39).
## 6 Departure Orders

## (1) Investigation into Violations

The number of foreign nationals whose cases were handed over from immigration control officers to immigration inspectors through the departure order procedures was 2,587 in 2014, accounting for 24.2% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Immigration Control Act.

### A. Number of Foreign Nationals Ordered to Depart by Nationality/Region

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China (1,283, accounting for 49.6%), followed by Thailand (310, accounting for 12.0%), the Philippines (225, accounting for 8.7%), R.O.Korea (214, accounting for 8.3%), and Viet Nam (196, accounting for 7.6%), and these top five countries account for 86.1% of the total (Table 41).

Table 41 Number of foreign nationals handed over under a departure order by nationality/region (2014)

(People)

ArticleNationality/Region	Total	24-(ii)-3	24-(iv)-(b)	24-(vi)	24-(vi)-2	24-(vii)
Total	2,587	8	2,528	19	0	32
China	1,283	8	1,266	4	0	5
Thailand	310	0	307	2	0	1
Philippines	225	0	208	5	0	12
R.O.Korea	214	0	213	1	0	0
Viet Nam	196	0	191	0	0	5
Indonesia	81	0	76	5	0	0
Mongolia	60	0	58	1	0	1
Sri Lanka	28	0	28	0	0	0
United States of America	25	0	18	0	0	7
Taiwan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Others	145	0	143	1	0	1

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, China (Hong Kong) or China (others).

### B. Number of Foreign Nationals Ordered to Depart by Applied Article

According to the statistics by applied articles, the number of suspects violating Article 24, item (iv) (b) of the Immigration Control Act was the largest at 2,528 (accounting for 97.7%). This was followed by 32 (1.2%) suspects violating Article 24, item (vii) of the Immigration Control Act, and 19 (0.7%) suspects violating Article 24, item (vi) of the Immigration Control Act (Table 41).

## (2) Examination

### A. Receipt and Processing of Cases

The number of cases of departure orders received in 2014 was 2,587, accounting for 22.2% of the total number of violations received. This represented an increase of 108 (4.4%) from 2013.

As those subject to a departure order and wishing to depart from Japan voluntarily appear at a regional immigration bureau, they are promptly processed after their cases are sent by immigration control officers.