support for the hard aspects of design and construction of airports as well as the soft aspects of operation and management after opening and human resources training to support this to promote the export of infrastructure systems in the field of airports.

Regarding cooperation for Noi Bai International Airport in Vietnam's Capital, Hanoi, airport usage increased drastically along with economic growth and the expansion of the airport's capacity was an urgent matter; leading to a construction project for Terminal 2 and other facilities which was began in February 2012. This project is to build an international airport that serves as a "doorway into Vietnam" and along with 2013 being the year marking 40 years of Japan-Vietnam diplomatic relations, the project is symbolic of the close cooperative relationship between Japan and Vietnam.

This project was implemented using the framework for international cooperation for hard and soft aspects based on a request from the government-

Illustration of Noi Bai International Airport Terminal 2 Completion

Source) Airports Corporation of Vietnam (ACV)

run Airports Corporation of Vietnam (ACV), the administrator of Noi Bai International Airport. First, for the design of the airport and construction (hard aspects), yen loans were used for project funding, a joint venture consisting of Japanese and local companies was given the contract, and construction management was carried out by Japanese companies, thereby utilizing Japanese airport construction technology and expertise. Also, for the operation and management after opening the airport, for the human resources development (soft aspects) to support this, an action plan was created and its progress monitored in parallel to airport construction to ensure that coordination with airlines and other relevant parties as well as securing the human resources necessary for airport operations and training is completed $ ^{*} $ .

* The main soft aspects for cooperation were ① Terminal 2 Operation and Management Preparation Committee, ② dispatch of experts, and ③ human resources training; the support carried out in 2012 is specifically as follows:

①Terminal 2 Operation and Management Preparation Committee: Participants included MLIT, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Narita International Airport Corporation (Japan's airport operator) from Japan, and from Vietnam ACV participated to create an organization framework, and draft an implementation plan for operation and management as well as monitor the progress together in accordance with the "To Do List" (deciding the management concept, drafting a midterm project plan, concluding agreements and contracts with airline companies and tenants, conducting various training, and establishing airport usage fees among roughly 300 items).

②Dispatch of Experts: The hydrant type fueling system adopted for this project as well as the data system and other systems using advanced technology, technical support was implemented so that ACV could handle the operation and management appropriately on their own. For the fueling system a long-term expert was dispatched to the site.

③Human Resources Development: ACV personnel were invited to Japan to receive airport operation and management training, visit Japanese airport facilities, and exchange opinions with terminal administrators, etc.

## 5 Considering the Future of Infrastructure System Export Strategy

In May 2012, the “Experts Meeting for Promoting the International Expansion of Infrastructure” was held and through six meetings, past cases of international infrastructure expansion were evaluated and studied to clarify future issues. In February 2013, the strategy and specific policies to conquer these issues were compiled as the final report, “Infrastructure System Export Strategy for the Future” (Graphic II-9-1-2).

In the future, the implementation of specific policies will be reviewed and new deliberations will take place in accordance with new developments.