Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## Section 5 Crisis Management and Security Measures

## 1 Promoting Crime and Terrorism Countermeasures

## (1) Coordinating with Other Countries for Crime and Terrorism Countermeasures

## ① International Initiatives for Security

Meetings and projects in the field of transport security at international organizations such as Group of Eight (G8), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) are participated in and in addition to applying it to domestic security measures, initiatives for international cooperation and harmony is being promoted.

The “International Working Group on Land Transport Security (IWGLTS)” established in 2006 is currently participated in by over 16 nations and is expected to further develop as a framework for land transport security and bilateral conferences with the United States of America and European Union are also utilized to improve domestic security and international contributions.

## ② Anti-Piracy Countermeasures

The number of piracy incidents in 2012 off the coast of Somalia/Gulf of Aden, a globally strategic sea lane, was 75 and while measures by major maritime nations such as putting armed private security guards on board their ships lead to a decline compared to the previous year it is still a matter of grave concern.

Under these conditions, our country looks to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and in accordance with the “Law on Punishment of and Measures against Acts of Piracy (the Anti-Piracy Measures Law),” piracy activity is seen as a criminal activity against our nation and the scope of protection is extended beyond Japanese ships to include ships of other countries and Maritime Self Defense Forces escort vessels provide escort to ships passing through the Gulf of Aden and two P-3C patrol aircraft conduct monitoring activities.

The Japan Coast Guard posts the eight officers to the Maritime Self Defense Forces escort vessel deployed off the coast of Somalia in accordance with the piracy countermeasure orders to conduct judicial police activities and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA, Incorporated Administrative Agency) invites members of the coast guards of neighboring countries to Somalia waters such as Yemen for maritime law enforcement course to support the improvement of the coast guard capabilities of neighboring coastal states.

Graphic II-7-5-1
Graphic II-7-5-2 Global Piracy Incidents and Trends by Ocean (2012)

Global Trend of Piracy Incident Occurrences

Incidents by Ocean (2012)

(Note) 1 The number of incidents for the Malacca and Singapore Straits and Somalia Waters are also included in the number for Southeast Asia and Africa respectively.

2 The number of cases for Somalia Waters is the total for Somalia, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea.

In addition to the piracy countermeasures in Southeast Asia waters and conducting joint exercises and training through the deployment of the Japan Coast Guard vessels, the JICA framework is used to dispatch experts and invite trainees to Japan for the human resources development and technical transfer to the coast guard organizations of relevant coastal nations in order to support their capacity building. Though the number of piracy and robbery cases recently reduced in comparison to the peak in 2000 in the Southeast Asia Waters, it has not been eliminated. It’s necessary to continue these piracy countermeasures in the area.

## ③ Security Measures for Ports

Human resource development for port security measures is being implemented for ASEAN countries through training, expert conferences, and other measures. Also, information is being shared with other countries as part of the initiative to further raise the level of security in international ports.

## (2) Comprehensive and Strengthened Counter-Terrorism Measures for Public Transport

In recent years, a variety of major incidents are occurring around the world such as the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States of America (September 2001), the London Bombings (July 2005), and the Mumbai attacks (November 2008). Under these conditions, in addition to responding swiftly to major incidents, counter-terrorism measures are comprehensively directed and inspections during rush periods even during ordinary times as part of counter-terrorism measures taken in a variety of fields.
## ① Promoting Counter-Terrorism Measures for Railways

In addition to increasing security cameras within stations and strengthening patrols, “crisis management levels” are set and operated as well as “displaying security and user participation” $ ^{Note} $ as the axis of promoting counter-terrorism measures. Also, the sharing of information regarding railway counter-terrorism measures with major nations is being actively pursued.

Graphic II-7-5-3

Implementing “Displaying Security and User Participation” as the Axis of Railway Counter-Terrorism Measures

(Picture 1) “Crisis management poster” displayed inside the station

(Picture 4) Patrols by security guards and staff

Source) MLIT

(Picture 2) "Anti-terrorism cooperator emblem" on sales staff, etc.

(Picture 3) Displaying request for cooperation relating to any suspicious objects, etc. discovered on the platform ticker

(Picture 5) Prominently display warnings such as “surveillance cameras in operation”

(Picture 6) Utilization of train intercom for the discovery of suspicious objects, etc. (State “For the discovery of suspicious activity” prominently on the explanation sticker as grounds for reporting

## ② Promoting Counter-Terrorism Measures for Ships and Ports

Ensuring security is done through the approval of security rules and ship inspections of international voyage ships, approval of security rules for international port facilities, regulation of arriving ships, and site inspections of international voyage ships and international port facilities as well as Port State Control (PSC) in accordance with the “Act on Assurance of Security of International Ships and Port Facility,” Also, security measures are being made more comprehensive in light of the results of site inspections of international port facilities and security levels of other countries.

## ③ Promoting Counter-Terrorism Measures for Aviation

In order to do everything possible to prevent a terrorist attack involving aircraft in our country, the aviation security measure is being strengthened in accordance with the international standards regulated by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In these circumstances, new strengthening measures are being implemented to cope with cases of terrorism and unlawful entry in domestically and internationally, each airport is being strengthened with Graphic II-7-5-4

Security Measures for International Voyage Ships and International Port Facilities

Source) MLIT

measures such as fences to prevent the intrusion of vehicles or people and sensors are installed so that when there is an intrusion, a swift response can be made and from October 2012 international flight passengers are subject to random manual search to prevent explosives and other objects that cannot be discovered by metal detectors from carrying on the aircraft.
(4) Conservation of Okinotorishima, Protecting the Low-Tide Line and Developing the Base of Activities

① Conservation of Okinotorishima

Okinotorishima is our nation’s southernmost territory and is an extremely important island that forms the foundation of rights to roughly 400,000 km² of Exclusive Economic Zone which surpasses our national land area and is under our nation’s direct management to take adequate measures which serves as the premise for the possibilities for effective utilization in accordance with its importance to protecting national land and its utilization.

## ② Preservation of Low-Tide Lines

In accordance with the “Low-Tide Line Preservation Act,” etc., 185 areas nationwide are designated as low-tide line preservation areas by government ordinance thereby restricting activities in the areas. Also, sight patrols by disaster prevention helicopters and ships as well as satellite images are used to survey low-tide lines and its surrounding conditions and by confirming the existence of restricted activities in the area or topographical changes due to natural erosion, strive to protect the low-tide line which forms the basis of the Exclusive Economic Zone and continental shelf as well as appropriate management of related information for the implementation of sure and efficient preservation of low-tide lines.

## ③ Developing Bases of Activity in Remote Islands (Okinotorishima and Minamitorishima)

In accordance with the “Low-Tide Line Preservation Act,” etc., to ensure that activities regarding the development and use of maritime resources and activities regarding maritime surveys are carried out safely and steadily, for remotely located islands bases of activity are being developed where ships can moor, anchor, and handle freight is being promoted. Construction began in FY 2010 for Minamitorishima and in FY 2011 for Okinotorishima and development will continue to be advanced.

## Graphic II-7-5-5 Conserving the Low-Tide Line

## << Conserving the Low-Tide Line >>

## << Development of Activity Bases on Remote Islands >>

## 5 Security and Protecting Citizen’s Lives and Assets

## (1) Responding to North Korea Issues

In response to the North Korea launching ballistic missiles and conducting nuclear tests, in accordance with the “Act on Special Measures concerning Prohibition of Entry of Specified Ships into Ports,” all ships registered to North Korea are prohibited from entering Japan’s ports and in light of the international situation this measure was extended to April 13, 2013. The Japan Coast Guard is implementing the confirmation of information regarding the entry of North Korean ships into ports to ensure that this measure is completely adhered to. Also, to ensure the effectiveness of import and export restriction measures against North Korea in accordance with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874, MLIT and the Japan Coast Guard conducts joint training with relevant government organizations in close coordination and
# Creating and Preserving a Beautiful and Healthy Environment

## Section 1 Promoting Countermeasures against Global Warming

## 1 Execution of the Kyoto Protocol Objective Achievement Plan

Based on the Kyoto Protocol, ratified during the 3rd session of the Conference of the Parties (COP3) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in 1997, it was decided that Japan would reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide $ \left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right) $ , by 6% between 2008 and 2012 in comparison to 1990, the reference year for the first commitment period.

The Kyoto Protocol Objective Achievement Plan, established for fulfilling the commitment, stipulates goal values respective to each division in the transportation sector, commercial sector, etc. The following measures are being implemented to make certain that reduction objectives are fulfilled.

• The transportation sector is ① taking environment into consideration for measures specific to each vehicle and driving, ② implementing measures in traffic flow, ③ streamlining logistics, ④ stimulating the utilization of public transportation, and ⑤ enhancing energy efficiency in trains, shipping and aviation.

• The commercial housing and building sector is improving thermal insulation performance, etc., and optimizing air-conditioning facilities, etc.

• Realization of compact cities, implementation of new energy or energy-saving measures in sewage, and advancement of incineration in sludge treatment, greening cities to serve as sinks for greenhouse gases, etc.

• Industrial sectors are promoting dissemination of fuel-efficient construction equipment.

GraphicII-8-1-1 MLIT Countermeasures towards Global Warming
promoting the construction of energy efficient vessels. We also work to disseminate the “Eco Rail Mark” (recognition of 78 cooperating enterprises of 99 products (153 items) as of March 2013), and the “Eco Ship Mark” (Recognition of 73 consignors and 88 logistics businesses as of December 2012). In ports and harbors, which act as nodal points between overland and overseas transportation, we are implementing initiatives to conserve energy within ports and harbors, implementing, facilitating, and applying renewable energies and expanding carbon dioxide sinks. Moreover, we strive to reduce overland transportation distance of international cargo by building infrastructure such as foreign trade container terminals.

Beyond the activities mentioned, relevant government agencies and public organizations worked together to hold the Green Logistics Partnership Conference and are providing support to consignors and transportation businesses in cooperative activities related to reducing $ CO_{2} $ emissions by awarding high achieving business and presenting examples of excellence. Furthermore, through the “Modal Shift Promotion Project,” we are supporting activities in modal shift conducted by the committee consisting of consignors and logistics businesses.

Source) MLIT

## (4) Promoting the use of public transportation

The shift from private vehicles to public transportation reduces travel with vehicles and is a necessary facet of global warming countermeasures. For this reason, we are promoting automation such as implementing IC cards, and improving the convenience of public transportation through better transit connections. We also encourage ecological commuting in each business establishment through the Ecological Commuting Outstanding Business Certification Scheme, as well as spread environmentally friendly commuting by cooperating with regional schemes that promote

Source) MLIT
## Column

# Efforts Towards Promoting the Smooth Implementation of Renewable Energy in Ports and Harbors "Manual showing Steps for Implementation"

After the occurrence of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the need for the dissemination of renewable energy generation in Japan has heightened. In wind power generation, one of the major types of renewable energy, operations have traditionally been in mountainous regions. Now, coastal waters are being appraised as new sites for operation for the stable strong winds and space, which enable large-scale wind farms. Of these waters, ports and harbors are gaining attention as deployment sites. In most cases, ports and harbors already possess infrastructures such as roads and power lines, accumulated from past industrial operation, required for wind power generation. Ports and harbors also have equipment required for unloading transported large-size machinery and port yards that can be used for assembly. These areas are therefore an ideal environment for actual deployment of wind power. Furthermore, because the public organization over the management of these waters are clearly under the jurisdiction of the port management body, anticipation mounts for ports and harbors becoming major sites to deploy fixed-base floating turbines (14 installments as of 2012).

However, ports primarily serve as nodal points for transportation and logistics; therefore the implementation of wind power turbines must coexist with this function. With that, the MLIT collaborated with the Ministry of Environment to assess specific tasks required for the coexistence of functions and published a manual in June 2012 (“About Wind Power in Ports and Harbors –Manual for Port Operation Management and Coexistence” herein referred to as “Manual”) describing steps required for the smooth implementation of wind power into ports and harbors.

This manual suggests the establishment of committees where all relevant organizations meet to discuss the implementation of wind power, conditions of suitable places where the location of wind power can coexist with the primary function of ports, as well as the recruitment of wind power businesses within suitable areas, and steps for smooth implementation. In actuality, plans are progressing in accordance with this manual at the Ibaraki Kajima and Yamagata Sakata ports.

Offshore wind power at Hokkaido Setana Port (Two 600kW turbines)

Source) MLIT

Image of how wind power turbines can coexist with primary functions of ports and harbors

Source) MLIT

## 3 Measures related to housing, buildings, sanitary drainage, urban greening, etc

(1) Enhancing energy saving capabilities in housing and buildings

Compared to past eras, the rise in the amount of energy consumed by the civilian sector is more prominent than in other sectors, which makes improving energy saving capabilities in housing and buildings an urgent task. In light of this issue,
Although a portion of this amount is put to efficient use (utilization rate of pruned branches from parks in the Osaka prefecture: 29%, utilization rate of pruned branches from greenery in Hamamatsu city: 4%, utilization rate of pruned branches from parks and tree-lined streets in Matsumoto city: 14%), most of the waste is currently disposed by incineration. In addition, even if they are recycled into wood chips or for fertilization, there are still portions that are not put to effective use.

In contrast to lumber from thinning forests in mountainous regions, plant-based waste produced in cities has the advantage of costing less and requiring less energy in movement and transportation. However, the amount that is produced greatly fluctuates depending on the season and poses difficulty in acquiring a consistent amount on a regular basis. This makes plans for energy utilization, such as power generation, rather difficult to achieve with the current circumstances.

In order to promote the utilization of energy from plant based waste materials, starting in 2012 the MLIT started demonstrative experiments (collecting plant based waste, experiments generating power, etc.) in

model cities (Matsumoto city, Kita-Kyushu city) with power generation systems utilizing plant based waste derived from urban areas. We are analyzing the amount of waste produced, costs and methods for movement, and deliberating over topics such as the business profitability based on the results. We plan to continue demonstrative experiments through 2013 and establish a guideline for the implementation of this system.

Demonstrative experiments in model cities (collecting plant based waste and chip processing)

(Matsumoto city)

Source) MLIT

(Kita-Kyushu city)

Source) MLIT

# 2 Establishing a logistics system of recyclable resources

(1) Forming a marine-based logistics network for extended recycling

In order to support establishing a sound material-cycle society, we have designated 22 ports within the country as “Recycle Ports” (Integrated Logistics Center for Extended Recycling) as hubs for regional use of recyclable resources. At Recycle Ports, support has been provided including securing necessary port facilities like wharfs, providing subsidy for facilities handling recyclable resources, promoting public-private

partnership, and improving enforcement of regulations to facilitate proper handling of recyclable resources at ports.
## ○ Children’s Riverside Rediscovery Project

With the cooperation of citizens' groups, educators, and river administrators, rivers are registered as Children's Riversides and receive various means of support from the Center for Supporting Children's Riverside Activities. 293 locations are registered as the end of March 2012.

## ☐ Riverside Fun School Project

Utilization is encouraged for riversides that are registered as Children’s Riversides and undergo riverside improvements required for enhancing experiential activities. 280 locations are registered as the end of March 2012.

## ○ Aquatic Organism Survey

This activity is conducted to raise interest in aquatic environment by searching creatures that live in rivers. In 2011, 55,772 people participated and 55% judged the 2,333 investigated sites as “Clean Water.”

## 3 Preserving and improving coastal environments

Because we must preserve animal habitats, care for scenery, and sustain appropriate usage of beaches, while protecting the coast from high tides, tsunamis, and billows, we are proceeding with maintenance and conservation that balances between “defense,” “environment,” and “usage.”

Due to floating and beached waste originating from inland and foreign countries, in recent years, the diminishing coastal functions and deterioration of the environment, scenery, and ecosystem, and the effects on safe navigation for ships and the fishing industry have become severe. In response, based on the “the Act for the Promotion of the disposal of Coastal Drifting Debris,” we plan to implement effective measures for floating and beached waste in close cooperation with relevant institutions in the future.

In addition, we are advancing the “Emergency Large-Scale Disposal Project for Beached Waste and Etc. related to Disaster,” where personnel from “Multiple Beaches” from a wide area work to integrally and efficiently dispose waste, for emergency disposal of large amounts of beached waste, which disrupt the functions of coastal protection facilities.

## Greening port and harbor administration

## (1) Basic direction of future port and harbor environment policies

In order for ports and harbors in Japan to uphold their position as grounds for logistics, industry and living, and sustain continual growth, they must recover as much degraded or lost nature as they can, and incorporate environmental conservation in various port functions. For this reason, we are working towards “greening port administration,” which involves the two parts of ① port and harbor development and ② utilization, and conservation, revival, and creation of environments in to one consolidated subject.

Graphic II-8-3-2 "Greening port administration"

Source) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism