Graphic 175

Distribution of Main Methods of Transportation (Year 2005/Holidays) (Excludes travel by passenger automobiles and work-related travel)

| Airplane | Railway | Passenger ship | Highway bus
Age: 20's | 24.8 | 65.7 | 1.7 | 7.8
Age: 30's | 23.0 | 65.9 | 2.1 | 9.1
Age: 40's | 24.4 | 65.0 | 1.9 | 8.7
Age: 50's | 21.6 | 69.3 | 1.9 | 7.3
Age: 60's and over | 37.1 | 41.4 | 8.8 | 12.6
All ages | 23.5 | 65.7 | 1.8 | 9.0

Source) MLIT "2010 Inter-regional Travel Survey in Japan"

Distribution of Main Methods of Transportation (Year 2010/Holidays) (Excludes travel by passenger automobiles and work-related travel)

| Airplane | Railway | Passenger ship | Highway bus
Age: 20's | 13.8 | 66.5 | 1.8 | 17.9
Age: 30's | 19.1 | 67.9 | 1.7 | 11.3
Age: 40's | 19.7 | 66.9 | 1.9 | 11.5
Age: 50's | 19.2 | 68.0 | 1.8 | 10.9
Age: 60's and over | 17.2 | 70.8 | 2.2 | 9.8
All ages | 19.5 | 67.7 | 1.7 | 11.1

Source) MLIT "2010 Inter-regional Travel Survey in Japan"

We have looked more specifically at an area where bus and railway compete, and if we look at the transportation distribution by age group, more young people choose the bus system due to the cheaper costs. For example, for travel between Miyagi and Akita, 82% of people under 19 years old, 68% of people in their 20's, and 57% of people in their 30's use the bus system. This shows that the younger the age group, the higher the percentage of people who use the bus (Graphic 177).

There have been several LCC (Low Cost Carrier) airlines entering the market in Japan, starting with Peach Aviation Co., Ltd. in the fiscal year of 2011, Jetstar Japan Co., Ltd. in July 2012, and AirAsia Japan Co., Ltd. in August 2012. The entry of such LCC airlines into the market is expected to create some new demand for air travel and a change in the Graphic 177

## Transportation Distribution of Travel between Miyagi and Akita, Service Level by Method of Transportation

Service level between Miyagi and Akita by transportation method

Travel time (minutes)	Cost (JPY/minute)
Railway	188	10,080
Bus	257	4,200

Source) MLIT "2010 Inter-regional Travel Survey in Japan"

transportation method distribution among young people.

## (5) Changes in Travel Demand

As seen in the previous section, in the three major metropolitan areas the use of automobiles is continuing to decline while the use of railway lines are progressing, as travel by car is replaced by public transportation. When those who do not own a car are asked why they do not own a car, the majority reply that public transportation is sufficient for travel, while over 40% say that bicycles, motorcycles, walking, and other modes of transportation besides public transportation is sufficient for travel (Graphic 170). From this, we can infer that as public transportation systems improve, and as a growing number of people reside in central areas with high accessibility to things and services, there are more and more people whose lifestyles are not dependent on cars.

The things that are replacing car travel are not limited to other transportation methods. While “travel” can mean going for a drive or taking another method of transportation expressly for the purpose of travelling, most of the time travel is the secondary occurrence from another purpose, such as commuting to work or school, going shopping, etc. Until recently,