Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## ☑ Policies for combatting deflation and realizing a virtuous cycle of economic growth

- Combatting deflation will require maximum efforts to put in that area in line with powerful and comprehensive policies on the part of the government, while appropriate and flexible operations of a monetary policy to underpin the economy will be expected on the part of the Bank of Japan, with close collaboration and exchanges of views between them. These measures should put Japan's economy back on the path to strong growth.

- The Combined Reform of Social Security and Tax will reveal the potential demand in the social security sector and establish a social security system that provides greater peace of mind to Japanese citizens, thus creating employment and expanding consumption in a virtuous cycle of economic growth, which then contributes to the steady growth of the economy and commodity prices.

- Social security can potentially contribute to economic growth with regard to both demand and supply, including the creation of employment in the medical and nursing care sectors, environmental improvement through new private-sector services appearing, optimization of social security costs utilizing technologies such as ICT, qualitative improvement of services, medical innovations, prompt reduction of drug lags and device lags, the operational improvement of advanced medical systems, encourage various business entities to enter into services, and the creation of a 'New Public' where reforms can take place from point of view of developing new industrial sectors and usefulness for users and Japanese citizens.
Appendix (basic framework for use in securing stable sources of finance for social security)

$ ^{*} $ :The plan states that 'consumption tax rate (national and local) will be gradually increased to 10% by the middle of 2010s, thereby securing stable sources of finance for social security for the time being.'

Note 1: Currently the national portion of consumption tax revenue is allocated to three expense items for the elderly, whereas the local portion is general revenue.

Note 2: Where the (national) consumption tax revenue will be assigned as of FY 2015 will be examined in the future, but with priority given to the three expense items for the elderly.

Note 3: The four expense items in the cost of social security include the 'cost of implementing policies to address issues that include social security benefits for institutionalized pensions, medical and nursing care, as well as measures against the declining birthrate' (Article 104 of the supplementary provisions of the 2009 Tax Reform Act) within the governmental contribution to social security benefits. The required amount is an estimation that was made by the MHLW, and as of May 2011. In addition, local independent projects are basically not included and hence comprehensive understanding of the overall picture with social security benefits will be necessary in estimating the cost, including of local independent projects.

Note 4: The consumption tax revenue in FY 2015 is an estimation that was based on the 'Medium and Long Term Estimates for Use in Economic and Fiscal Policies of the Cabinet Office (January 2011) (to be revised in the middle of 2011).
## Appendix (securing stable sources of social security finance)

$ ^{*} $ : The plan states that consumption tax rate (national and local) will be gradually increased to 10% by the middle of 2010s, thereby securing stable sources of finance for social security for the time being.

Note 1: The increment in social security expenses due to increased consumption tax rate includes the increment in the expense of procurement for the national and local governments due to the increased consumption tax rate. The amount required is based on an estimate made by the Ministry of Finance as of May 2011, and will need close examination in the budgetary process every fiscal year.

Note 2: 'Increment due to progress of aging society' denotes the portion of the so-called natural increase exceeding the proportion of economic growth.

Note 3: The amount of functional enhancement is an estimation made by the MHLW, and as of May 2011. For more specific content on the functional enhancement refer to the page entitled 'Major topics with social security reform'.

Note 4: The four expense items in the cost of social security include 'the cost of implementing policies that address issues which include social security benefits for institutionalized pensions, medical and nursing care, as well as measures against the declining birthrate' (Article 104 of the supplementary provisions of the 2009 Tax Reform Act) within the governmental contribution to social security benefits. The required amount is an estimation made by the MHLW, and as of May 2011. In addition, local independent projects are basically not included and hence comprehensive understanding of the overall picture with social security benefits will be necessary in estimating the cost, including of local independent projects.
Appendix (simultaneous achievement of sound public finance with establishment of stable sources of finance required for social security reform)

$ ^{*} $ : The plan states that consumption tax rate (national and local) will be gradually increased to 10% by the middle of 2010s, thereby securing stable sources of finance for social security for the time being.

Note 1: The goal of sound public finance is indicated as part of the 'Fiscal Management Strategy' (Cabinet decision on June 22, 2010) as the deficits of national and local governments and the primary balance of the national government, in proportion to GDP, and to be reduced to half of the FY 2010 level by FY 2015, and to be a surplus by FY 2020. According to an estimate for FY 2015 made by the Cabinet Office, and as of January 2011, PB (national and local) needs to be improved by an amount that corresponds to about 3% of the consumption tax rate.

Note 2: In the post reformation scheme the 'Increment due to progress of an aging society' denotes the portion of the so-called natural increase exceeding the proportion of economic growth that is included in the 'Maintenance of functionality'.

Note 3: Local independent projects are basically not included and hence comprehensive understanding of the overall picture with social security benefits will be necessary in estimating the cost, including of local independent projects.
## Reference material 4

Concrete measures for social security reform with a road map and estimated cost, as indicated in the 'plan for combined reform of social security and tax', which was determined by a social security reform study group of the government and ruling parties on June 30, 2011
Concrete measures for social security reform with a road map and estimated cost

A	Improvements (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	B	More efficient and prioritized operation (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	C	Road map	D	Amount required (public expenses) in 2015	E	Amount required (public expenses) in 2025
- Quantitative improvement of childcare according to the actual situations in regions as a result of establishing a new system of child and childcare , as well as functional enhancement that will include unification of Kindergartens and Day-Care Centers
Quantitative improvements and institutional enhancement of childcare for children aged 0-2(reduction of wait-listed children) · Realization of high quality school educations at infancy and unified day-care services(unification of Kindergartens and Day-Care Centers)
Utilization of childcare for children under three years of age: 23% in 2010 → 35% in 2014 (44% in 2017)
· Improved comprehensive childcare support(in-home and community-based childcare support) · Expansion of After school children's club
Number of children using clubs for after school activities: 0.81 million in 2010 → 1.11 million in 2014
· Improved social nursing
- Increase of the female employment/population ratios
- Increase in number of childcare workers †
Employment rate of females (aged 25-44): 66% in 2009 → 73% in 2020
· Creation of a comprehensive unified system for the institution, financial resources of the government and benefits
Total amount for improvements (2015):	0.7 trillion yen	Total amount for more efficient and prioritized operation (2015):	-

(† denotes that the measure is closely related to the growth strategy)
A	Improvements (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	B	More efficient and prioritized operation (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	C	Road map	D	Amount required (public expenses) in 2015	E	Amount required (public expenses) in 2025
- More efficient and prioritized system for providing medical and nursing care services according to regional circumstances, and with enhanced functionality
-Systematic reworking of remuneration for medical treatment and nursing care services as well as comprehensive legislation for infrastructure development thereof- More differentiation and enhancement of the functionality of hospitals and beds (including intensive resource allocation for acute medical care, functional enhancement of hospitalization via functional enhancement of sub-acute and chronic medical care, reformation of mental health care, correction of the uneven distribution of doctors, and enhancement of preventive measures)- Improved medical care at home (such as comprehensive treatment at clinics, improvement and evaluation of support functionality of recuperating at home, and planned development of care visits)
(870 billion yen)
- Staffing for advanced acute medical care: twice as much as current figures in 2025- Staffing for general acute medical care: 60% increase from current figures in 2025- Medical care at home: 170 thousand persons per day in 2011 → 290 thousand persons per day in 2025
- Improved medical care at home, including the creation of comprehensive regional care systems, functional enhancement of care management, and improved residential services- Unitization of facilities (250 billion yen)
- Group nursing homes, small-size but multi-functional: 210 thousand persons per day in 2011→ 770 thousand persons per day in 2025- Residential services and nursing care at home: 3350 thousand persons per day in 2011→ 5100 thousand persons per day in 2025
- Manpower additionally required for prioritization shown above: † (240 billion yen)
- Number of medical and nursing care workers: 4.62 million in 2011→ 7.04-7.39 million in 2025 (nearly 1.6 times)
Total amount for improvements (2015):	Up to 1.4 trillion yen	Total amount for more efficient and prioritized operation (2015):	Up to 0.7 trillion yen	(Estimated amount in the case of all the above functional differentiations materializing)
A	Improvements (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	B	More efficient and prioritized operation (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	C	Road map	D	Amount required (public expenses) in 2015	E	所要額(公費) 2025年
- Enhanced safety-net functionality of medical and nursing care systems, prioritized benefits, and measures against regressiveness via enhanced functionality of the insurers
a. Broader applicability of employees' insurance and a more stable and stronger financial infrastructure from a wider range of sources
· Broader application of employees' insurance to include short-time workers
→4 million persons, for example in the case of application to include employment insurance
· Municipal National Health Insurance will be integrated to the prefectural level
· Stronger financial infrastructure (such as greater premium reductions for persons with low incomes (up to 220 billion yen))
* The financial impact will vary with the differing applicability and size of measures
b. With regard to Long-Term Care Insurance the principle of a burden in accordance with defrayal capacity, care for low-incomes, and prioritized insurance benefits will all be focused on more
· Further reduction of the insurance premiums of primary insured persons to be paid by low-income earners for long-term care (up to 130 billion yen)
* The financial impact will vary with the differing degree of functional enhancement and prioritization
c. Measures for advanced and long-term medical care (enhancement of safety-net functionality) and prioritized benefits
· Reduced burden via the reconsideration of expensive medical care expenses for long-term expensive medical care (such as reaction to long-term expensive medical care and reduced burden via reclassification of incomes) (up to 130 billion yen)
* Content of the reconsideration will vary with the differing degree of functional enhancement and prioritization
d. Other
· Total aggregation system (introduction of the system will be based on the assumption that the infrastructure is in place for informational cooperation such as the number system)
· Consideration of measures for persons with low incomes and regressiveness
· Reconsideration of the medical care system for the elderly (such as a more equitable and understandable mechanism to share the burden between elderly and young generations, introduction of earnings-based payments for assistance funding, and reconsideration of co-payments, in view of results of the Medical Care System Reform Conference for the Elderly)
Total amount for improvements (2015):	1 trillion yen (which will vary with the content of the reform)	Total amount for more efficient and prioritized operation (2015):	Up to 0.5 trillion yen (which will vary with the content of the reform)
Total amount for improvements (2015):	Up to 2.4 trillion yen (which will vary with the content of the reform)	Total amount for more efficient and prioritized operation (2015):	Up to 1.2 trillion yen (which will vary with the content of the reform)
A
Improvements (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)
B
More efficient and prioritized operation (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)
C
Road map
D
Amount required (public expenses) in 2015
E
Amount required (public expenses) in 2025
[Creation of a new pension system]
Everyone will join a single public pension system that is comprised of an 'earningbased pension' and 'minimum guaranteed pension'
-Earning-based pension (social insurance):
· Everyone joins the same system regardless of their type of job, thus resulting in the same premium and same benefit if earnings are the same
· The insurance premium will be around 15% (the portion pertaining to old-age pensions)
· Paid premiums will be accumulated and recorded, along with virtual yields, summed up and divided using life expectancy at the start age of payments, resulting in the annual amount of the pension
-Minimum guaranteed pension (financed by tax):
· The full amount of minimum guaranteed old-age benefits will be 70 thousand yen (present value)
· The full amount will be paid up to a certain income level, which is determined on the basis of a lifetime average annual income (the amount of paid premiums), beyond that point the payment being reduced accordingly, until another income level beyond which no benefits will be paid.
· The system will be designed to ensure that all beneficiaries can receive pension benefits of more than approximately 70 thousand yen, which is the sum of the earning-based pension and minimum guaranteed pension
[Improvements in the current system]
-Improved minimum guarantee functionality
· Additional payments to people with low incomes
· Addition to the basic disability pension
· Shorter eligibility periods
(0.6 trillion yen)
* The volume of the budget will vary depending on who will qualify, the levels of additional payments, and whether a means-test will be used
* The figure above was calculated on the assumption of adding 16 thousand yen a month (the difference between 70 thousand yen and the average amount of the basic old-age pension, or 54 thousand yen) for those whose annual incomes are less than 650 thousand yen (in the case of single people)
-Reconsideration of pension benefits for high-income earners
Consideration will take place in combination with additional payments to persons with low incomes
A reduced deduction for public pensions will also be considered
* With regard to reconsideration of pension benefits for high-income earners the volume of the budget will vary depending on who will be applicable
* A presumed reduction in benefits for anyone whose annual income was more than 10 million yen (full reduction in the public-borne portion for anyone with an income of more than 15 million yen) would reduce the public expense by around 45 billion yen
Early introduction of a bill along with the fundamental tax reform after FY 2012
Step-by-step implementation
Up to 0.6 trillion yen
Up to 0.7 trillion yen
A	Improvements (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	B	More efficient and prioritized operation (indicated figures are public expenses in 2015)	C	Road map	D	Amount required (public expenses) in 2015	E	Amount required (public expenses) in 2025
● Broader application of employees' pensions to include short-time workers
4 million persons, for example in the case of application that includes employment insurance
● Reconsideration of pension systems for tertiary insured persons
· Consideration will be given to ensuring no one feels any unfairness, in view of the new direction of the pension systems (split taxation)
● Reconsideration of old-age pensions paid to the employed at a reduced rate
· The amount of income beyond which pensions will be reduced for anyone aged 60-64 will be the same as with persons aged 65 or older
● Premiums will be exempt during maternity leave
● Unification of employees' pensions
(● denotes that the measure will not impact public expenses)	- Linked to the macro economy
· Reconsideration will take place from the point of view of intergenerational equity
· A presumed elimination of exceptionality within three years would reduce pension benefits by 2.5 %, thus resulting in a reduction of 0.1 trillion yen per year from public expenses
· Pension benefits being simply linked to the macro economy, which would result in a 0.9 % decrease per year, would reduce public expenses by 0.1 trillion yen per year
* Reducing pension benefits, which would result from being linked to the macro economy in the year where prices and wages increase, is already factored into the current system
- Increase in the start age of payments
· Consideration will be given to further increasing the start age of payments, with careful investigation of the situations in other developed nations (Europe and North America), including life expectancy and start age, along with promoting employment of the elderly
· The start age of payments for employees' pensions will be increased earlier than scheduled
· With the increase in the start age of basic pension payments every increase in year of age would reduce 0.5 trillion yen of public expenses for the year the increase takes place
● Increase in maximum pensionable earnings
· Consideration will take place with reference to health insurance systems	A bill will be submitted after 2012
Step-by-step implementation
* Overall 'improvement of the current systems' will be reviewed before submitting a bill with the participants and a schedule to be determined
[More efficient operation] Improved operation and systems
Total amount for improvements (2015):	0.6 trillion yen (which will vary with the content of the reform)	Total amount for more efficient and prioritized operation (2015):	These figures will vary depending on the content of the reform
# Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (Act No. 54 of April 14, 1947)

Table of Contents

Chapter I General Provisions (Articles 1 and 2)

Chapter II Private Monopolization and Unreasonable Restraint of Trade (Articles 2-2 to 7-9)

Chapter III Trade Associations (Articles 8 to 8-3)

Chapter III-2 Monopolistic Situations (Article 8-4)

Chapter IV Shareholdings, Interlocking Officers, Mergers, Splits, Share Transfers and Acceptance of Assignments of Business (Articles 9 to 18)

Chapter V Unfair Trade Practices (Articles 18-2 to 20-7)

Chapter VI Exemptions (Articles 21 to 23)

Chapter VII Injunctions and Damages (Articles 24 to 26)

Chapter VIII Fair Trade Commission

Section 1 Establishment, Duty, Affairs under Jurisdiction and Organization, Etc. (Articles 27 to 44)

Section 2 Proceedings (Articles 45 to 70-12)

Section 3 Miscellaneous Provisions (Articles 71 to 76) Chapter IX Legal

Actions (Articles 77 to 88) Chapter XII Investigation of Criminal Cases, Etc.

(Articles 101 to 118) Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 The purpose of this Act is to promote fair and free competition, stimulate the creative initiative of enterprise, encourage business activity, heighten the level of employment and actual national income, and thereby promote the democratic and wholesome development of the national economy as well as secure the interests of general consumers by prohibiting private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade and unfair trade practices, preventing excessive concentration of economic power and eliminating unreasonable restraints on production, sale, price, technology, etc., and all other unjust restrictions on business activity through combinations, agreements, etc..

Article 2 (1) The term "enterprise" as used in this Act means a person who operates a commercial, industrial, financial or other business. Any officer, employee, agent or other person who acts for the benefit of any enterprise is deemed to be an enterprise with regard to the application of the provisions of the following paragraph or of Chapter III.

(2) The term "trade association" as used in this Act means any combination or