Chart 3-2-1 International comparison of medical care provision systems (text p. 96)

● Japan has more days of hospitalization on average than other nations. Japan also has more beds per capita, and therefore fewer medical care workers per bed.

Country	Average length of hospitalization	Beds per population of 1,000	Doctors per 100 beds	Doctors per population of 1,000	Nursing staff per 100 beds	Nursing staff per population of 1,000
Japan	33.2	13.8	15.7	2.2	69.4	9.5
Germany	9.9	8.2	43.3	3.6	130.0	10.7
France	12.9	6.9	48.5	3.3	115.2	7.9
UK	8.1	3.4	76.5	2.6	279.6	9.5 (forecast)
USA	6.3	3.1 (forecast)	77.9	2.4	344.2	10.8

Source: 'OECD Health Data 2010'

Note: 1. The number of doctors denotes the number of clinicians (France, however, includes doctors not in clinical practice who are for example, working at research institutes)

Chart 3-2-4 Changes in number of nursing care facilities and nursing care staff (text p. 98)

2. The nursing staff number denotes the number of clinical nurses (France and the USA, however, include nursing staff not in clinical practice who are, for example, working at research institutes)

The number of nursing care staff and businesses, mainly home care services, has increased significantly, and after the 1990s in particular.

3. The average length of hospitalization was calculated using the number of beds, which OECD statistics define differently for each country:

Japan: Beds of all hospitals

UK: All beds registered with the National Health Service (excluding long-term beds)

Germany: Beds for acute period and mental illnesses and at preventive treatment and rehabilitation facilities (excluding beds in nursing homes)

USA: Beds in all hospitals registered with the American Hospital Association

France: Beds for acute period, long-term diseases, mental illnesses, and others

4. The average length of hospitalization in Japan is 18.5 days for general patients, 179.5 days for recuperation, and 307.4 days for psychiatric cases

Source: 'Social Welfare Policy Report', 'Survey of Institutions and Establishments for Long-term Care', 'Survey of Social Welfare Institutions', Statistics and Information Department, MHLW

Note: 1. The figures in 2009 were affected by fluctuations in the return rate due to changes in the survey methodology, thus making the actual number of facilities not suitable for comparison against the figures up to 2008.

2. The number of home helpers was obtained from the 'Social Welfare Policy Report' until 1999, and then the 'Survey of Institutions and Establishments for Long-term Care' from 2000 on.

3. The number of special nursing homes was obtained from the 'Social Welfare Policy Report'.

4. The number of day service centers denotes the number of facilities providing 'commuting rehabilitation service' in the 'Survey of Social Welfare Institutions'.

○ Universal insurance has facilitated the development of medical care provision systems and hence Japan now has a comparable number of medical personnel to other countries. There are slightly fewer doctors, 2.2 per population of 1,000, but the ration of nurses is 9.5, which is comparable.

5. The number of short-stay facilities denotes the number of 'short-term stay facilities for the elderly' in the 'Survey of Social Welfare Institutions' until 1999, and then the number of facilities providing 'short-term stay for long-term care' in the 'Survey of Institutions and Establishments for Long-term Care' from 2000 on.

## The institution of long-term care insurance has resulted in an increasing number of care service facilities/businesses and care workers, and with the entry of various entities that include joint-stock corporations