Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Table 6: Coefficients Measuring Productivity Spillovers and the Productivity Effects of Concentration on Private Firms from Fixed Effects Production Function Estimates

Indicator, industry group	2001-2003	2004-2006	2001-2006
Eq. (3)	Eq. (4)	Eq. (3)	Eq. (4)	Eq. (3)	Eq. (4)
Manufacturing (less other manufacturing) combined, contemporaneous specification
SOE spillovers	-0.348	-0.247	0.201 b	0.179 c	0.049	0.039
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	-0.821 a	-0.732 a	0.022	0.039	-0.270 a	-0.290 a
MNC joint venture spillovers	-0.657	-0.441	-0.530 c	-0.518 c	-0.481 b	-0.528 b
Concentration effects	0.603 a	1.482 a	-0.179 c	-0.643 b	-0.033	0.098
Manufacturing (less other manufacturing) combined, lagged specification
SOE spillovers	-0.435 b	-0.339 c	0.228 b	0.172	0.097	0.051
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	-1.352 a	-1.249 a	0.104	0.030	-0.240 b	-0.324 a
MNC joint venture spillovers	-1.943 a	-1.787 a	-0.438	-0.594 c	-0.529 b	-0.699 a
Concentration effects	0.502 a	1.297 a	-0.226 c	0.002	-0.131	0.266
Highly concentrated industries, contemporaneous specification
SOE spillovers	0.243	-0.881	-0.387	-0.301	0.597 c	0.263 a
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	0.057	-0.980	-0.537	-0.492	-0.402 c	-0.540 a
MNC joint venture spillovers	0.440	-1.017	-1.334 a	-1.265 a	-0.440	-0.805 a
Concentration effects	-1.754 a	-0.052	-0.122	-0.789	-0.825 a	-0.190 a
Highly concentrated industries, lagged specification
SOE spillovers	-1.010	-1.184 c	1.815 a	1.883 a	0.880 b	0.685 c
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	-2.139 b	-2.221 b	0.067	0.071	-0.412	-0.581 c
MNC joint venture spillovers	-2.013 c	-2.217 c	0.205	0.186	-0.404	-0.705
Concentration effects	-0.382	0.090	-1.614 a	-2.705 c	-0.526	0.428
Lowly concentrated industries, contemporaneous specification
SOE spillovers	0.979 b	0.993 a	0.451 a	0.450 a	0.129	0.114
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	-0.431	-0.346	-0.074	-0.072	-0.431 a	-0.456 a
MNC joint venture spillovers	0.626	1.162	0.089	0.107	-0.313	-0.412
Concentration effects	1.112 a	2.733 a	-0.130	-0.778	0.030	0.718 c
Lowly concentrated industries, lagged specification
SOE spillovers	-0.362	-0.277	0.224	0.247	0.002	-0.022
Wholly-foreign MNC spillovers	-1.428 a	-1.348 a	0.290	0.297	-0.221	-0.285 c
MNC joint venture spillovers	-5.865 a	-5.622 a	-0.843	-0.811	-2.244 a	-2.455 a
Concentration effects	0.738 a	2.193 a	-0.644 b	-5.156 b	-0.231 b	0.022

Note: a=significant at the 1% level, b=significant at the 5% level, c=significant at the 10% level; in principle industries are defined at the three-digit level of Vietnam's Standard Industrial Classification Code, Revision 3; however 2-digit categories or combinations of 3-digit categories are used when samples in 3-digit categories are small.
Appendix Table A1 (continued)

Independent variable, statistic	2001-2003	2004-2006	2001-2006
C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation
Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.
Food & beverages (VSIC 15), contemporaneous estimates
LE ijt	0.7208	0.00	0.7167	0.00	0.7600	0.00	0.7598	0.00	0.7550	0.00	0.7529	0.00
LK ijt	0.3602	0.00	0.3610	0.00	0.3458	0.00	0.3460	0.00	0.3327	0.00	0.3322	0.00
LE ijt 2	-0.0330	0.19	-0.0314	0.21	-0.0105	0.55	-0.0104	0.55	-0.0398	0.01	-0.0391	0.01
LK ijt 2	0.0175	0.05	0.0175	0.06	0.0106	0.14	0.0106	0.13	0.0096	0.11	0.0095	0.12
LELK ijt	0.0080	0.73	0.0067	0.77	-0.0192	0.28	-0.0193	0.27	0.0073	0.63	0.0069	0.65
DS ijt	0.2997	0.00	0.3036	0.00	0.1849	0.00	0.1833	0.00	0.2252	0.00	0.2294	0.00
DM ijt	0.0525	0.69	0.0551	0.68	0.0443	0.68	0.0438	0.69	0.0682	0.49	0.0748	0.45
DJ ijt	0.1505	0.24	0.1380	0.29	0.2118	0.10	0.2117	0.10	0.2416	0.02	0.2348	0.02
Cjt, Hjt	5.7546	0.00	32.9454	0.00	-0.2266	0.60	-2.6364	0.44	1.9360	0.00	12.0571	0.00
Constant	-1.7724	0.00	-1.2884	0.00	-0.2565	0.06	-0.2561	0.04	-0.8357	0.00	-0.7071	0.00
Obs., Eq.	3,865	1	3,865	2	5,469	1	5,469	2	9,334	1	9,334	2
Groups	1,958	-	1,958	-	2,752	-	2,752	-	3,388	-	3,388	-
R²-within	0.388	-	0.396	-	0.125	-	0.125	-	0.242	-	0.243	-
R²-between	0.591	-	0.591	-	0.599	-	0.599	-	0.580	-	0.579	-
R²-overall	0.619	-	0.619	-	0.631	-	0.631	-	0.620	-	0.620	-
T,CD	9.45	0.02	9.04	0.03	4.35	0.23	4.36	0.22	13.01	0.00	12.62	0.01
T,DS=DM	3.17	0.07	3.18	0.07	1.51	0.22	1.49	0.22	2.25	0.13	2.18	0.78
T,DS=DJ	1.20	0.27	1.47	0.23	0.04	0.84	0.04	0.83	0.02	0.88	0.00	0.96
T,DM=DJ	0.45	0.50	0.32	0.57	1.30	0.25	1.31	0.25	2.52	0.11	2.12	0.14
Food, & beverages (VSIC 15), estimates with lagged labor, capital, and concentration
LE ijt-1	0.6116	0.00	0.6146	0.00	0.5862	0.00	0.5861	0.00	0.5719	0.00	0.5728	0.00
LK ijt-1	0.3441	0.00	0.3432	0.00	0.2983	0.00	0.2982	0.00	0.2864	0.00	0.2865	0.00
LE ijt-1 2	-0.0116	0.63	-0.0112	0.64	0.0442	0.03	0.0441	0.03	0.0093	0.56	0.0091	0.56
LK ijt-1 2	0.0304	0.00	0.0307	0.00	0.0297	0.00	0.0296	0.00	0.0214	0.00	0.0216	0.00
LELK ijt-1	0.0030	0.89	0.0020	0.93	-0.0348	0.09	-0.0348	0.09	-0.0124	0.43	-0.0120	0.45
DS ijt	0.1822	0.02	0.1799	0.03	0.0994	0.09	0.0997	0.08	0.1733	0.00	0.1724	0.00
DM ijt	0.1527	0.23	0.1528	0.23	0.2561	0.02	0.2561	0.02	0.2900	0.01	0.2884	0.01
DJ ijt	0.1213	0.40	0.1210	0.40	0.2804	0.08	0.2802	0.08	0.3054	0.02	0.3089	0.01
Cjt-1, Hjt-1	-2.6422	0.00	-8.7525	0.01	0.1873	0.67	1.0121	0.72	-1.3494	0.00	-8.1656	0.00
Constant	0.5997	0.01	0.1953	0.27	-0.2977	0.07	-0.2802	0.06	0.2395	0.12	0.1415	0.31
Obs., Eq.	2,550	1	2,550	2	3,819	1	3,819	2	6,369	1	6,369	2
Groups	1,275	-	1,275	-	1,666	-	1,666	-	2,016	-	2,016	-
R²-within	0.295	-	0.290	-	0.030	-	0.030	-	0.197	-	0.197	-
R²-between	0.649	-	0.650	-	0.630	-	0.630	-	0.624	-	0.625	-
R²-overall	0.641	-	0.641	-	0.636	-	0.636	-	0.630	-	0.631	-
T,CD	27.97	0.00	28.11	0.00	28.32	0.00	28.27	0.00	23.10	0.00	23.84	0.00
T,DS=DM	0.05	0.82	0.04	0.84	1.79	0.18	1.79	0.18	1.14	0.29	1.13	0.29
T,DS=DJ	0.17	0.68	0.16	0.69	1.22	0.27	1.22	0.27	1.05	0.30	1.13	0.29
T,DM=DJ	0.04	0.83	0.05	0.83	0.02	0.88	0.02	0.88	0.01	0.91	0.02	0.88
Appendix Table A1 (continued)

Independent variable, statistic	2001-2003	2004-2006	2001-2006
C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation
Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.
Chemicals, rubber, plastics (VSIC 24, 25), contemporaneous estimates
LE ijt	0.6828	0.00	0.6842	0.00	0.7241	0.00	0.7239	0.00	0.7424	0.00	0.7429	0.00
LK ijt	0.3637	0.00	0.3645	0.00	0.2838	0.00	0.2839	0.00	0.2847	0.00	0.2874	0.00
LE ijt 2	-0.0302	0.48	-0.0340	0.43	-0.0042	0.90	-0.0040	0.91	-0.0273	0.28	-0.0247	0.33
LK ijt 2	0.0268	0.00	0.0268	0.00	0.0152	0.06	0.0151	0.06	0.0080	0.17	0.0085	0.15
LELK ijt	-0.0099	0.80	-0.0063	0.87	-0.0234	0.39	-0.0232	0.39	0.0053	0.81	0.0034	0.88
DS ijt	0.2066	0.07	0.2030	0.08	0.3340	0.00	0.3322	0.00	0.1806	0.03	0.1865	0.02
DM ijt	-0.2024	0.07	-0.2010	0.07	0.0031	0.97	0.0033	0.97	-0.0443	0.60	-0.0443	0.60
DJ ijt	0.3344	0.02	0.3297	0.02	0.4417	0.00	0.4423	0.00	0.1882	0.14	0.1865	0.14
Cjt, Hjt	-1.9877	0.03	4.1915	0.42	-0.1523	0.73	0.7362	0.73	-2.2452	0.00	-3.3504	0.17
Constant	0.5134	0.24	-0.7179	0.08	-0.1073	0.62	-0.2109	0.20	0.7803	0.00	-0.0004	1.00
Obs., Eq.	2,519	1	2,519	2	3,854	1	3,854	2	6,373	1	6,373	2
Groups	1,214	-	1,214	-	1,963	-	1,963	-	2,315	-	2,315	-
R²-within	0.448	-	0.446	-	0.202	-	0.202	-	0.324	-	0.317	-
R²-between	0.623	-	0.623	-	0.569	-	0.569	-	0.567	-	0.566	-
R²-overall	0.636	-	0.636	-	0.604	-	0.604	-	0.611	-	0.610	-
T,CD	21.56	0.00	18.34	0.00	4.43	0.22	4.36	0.23	4.99	0.17	4.74	0.19
T,DS=DM	2.85	0.09	7.79	0.01	7.18	0.01	7.08	0.01	4.44	0.04	4.66	0.03
T,DS=DJ	3.58	0.06	0.59	0.44	0.52	0.47	0.54	0.46	0.00	0.96	0.00	1.00
T,DM=DJ	12.57	0.00	12.21	0.00	14.06	0.00	14.04	0.00	4.55	0.03	4.48	0.03
Chemicals, rubber, plastics (VSIC 24, 25), estimates with lagged labor, capital, & concentration
LE ijt-1	0.5857	0.00	0.5858	0.00	0.4988	0.00	0.4982	0.00	0.5438	0.00	0.5434	0.00
LK ijt-1	0.3104	0.00	0.3104	0.00	0.2831	0.00	0.2834	0.00	0.2374	0.00	0.2381	0.00
LE ijt-1 2	-0.0101	0.82	-0.0102	0.82	0.0193	0.54	0.0195	0.54	0.0005	0.98	0.0010	0.97
LK ijt-1 2	0.0318	0.00	0.0318	0.00	0.0169	0.03	0.0170	0.03	0.0156	0.00	0.0158	0.00
LELK ijt-1	-0.0086	0.80	-0.0085	0.80	0.0081	0.73	0.0078	0.74	0.0094	0.61	0.0091	0.63
DS ijt	0.1929	0.12	0.1928	0.12	0.2760	0.00	0.2748	0.00	0.1566	0.04	0.1553	0.04
DM ijt	0.0347	0.75	0.0347	0.75	0.3075	0.00	0.3076	0.00	0.3577	0.00	0.3579	0.00
DJ ijt	0.2106	0.12	0.2106	0.12	0.5670	0.00	0.5672	0.00	0.3301	0.00	0.3284	0.00
Cjt-1, Hjt-1	0.0844	0.77	0.4725	0.75	-0.1860	0.51	-0.5966	0.72	-0.3661	0.07	-1.1416	0.28
Constant	-0.4768	0.02	-0.4768	0.02	-0.0120	0.93	-0.0453	0.72	0.0183	0.88	-0.0481	0.69
Obs., Eq.	1,730	1	1,730	2	2,614	1	2,614	2	4,344	1	4,344	2
Groups	835	-	835	-	1,151	-	1,151	-	1,347	-	1,347	-
R²-within	0.450	-	0.450	-	0.096	-	0.095	-	0.306	-	0.305	-
R²-between	0.634	-	0.634	-	0.652	-	0.652	-	0.633	-	0.632	-
R²-overall	0.654	-	0.654	-	0.648	-	0.648	-	0.637	-	0.637	-
T,CD	15.53	0.00	15.51	0.00	15.06	0.00	15.01	0.00	21.14	0.00	21.14	0.00
T,DS=DM	1.06	0.30	1.06	0.30	0.08	0.78	0.08	0.77	3.79	0.05	3.86	0.05
T,DS=DJ	0.01	0.92	0.01	0.92	3.79	0.05	3.85	0.05	2.04	0.15	2.03	0.15
T,DM=DJ	1.54	0.22	1.54	0.22	4.37	0.04	4.42	0.04	0.09	0.76	0.11	0.74
Appendix Table A2 (continued)

Independent variable, statistic	2001-2003	2004-2006	2001-2006
C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation	C Equation	H Equation
Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.	Value	P-val.
Highly concentrated industries, contemporaneous estimates
LE_{ijt}	0.7295	0.00	0.7108	0.00	0.4762	0.00	0.4720	0.00	0.6320	0.00	0.6325	0.00
LK_{ijt}	0.1238	0.04	0.1253	0.05	0.1040	0.01	0.1038	0.01	0.0853	0.01	0.0858	0.00
LE_{ijt}^{2}	-0.0530	0.55	-0.0647	0.50	-0.0956	0.07	-0.0959	0.07	-0.0598	0.16	-0.0581	0.00
LK_{ijt}^{2}	0.0072	0.61	0.0082	0.57	0.0073	0.51	0.0075	0.50	-0.0093	0.26	-0.0087	0.00
LELK_{ijt}	-0.0267	0.67	-0.0263	0.69	0.0513	0.15	0.0518	0.14	0.0330	0.25	0.0290	0.00
SS_{ijt}	0.2427	0.74	-0.8813	0.14	-0.3868	0.43	-0.3015	0.55	0.5968	0.08	0.2628	0.00
SM_{ijt}	0.0568	0.94	-0.9795	0.17	-0.5365	0.10	-0.4925	0.12	-0.4015	0.10	-0.5399	0.00
SJ_{ijt}	0.4396	0.71	-1.0167	0.36	-1.3343	0.00	-1.2647	0.01	-0.4404	0.32	-0.8048	0.00
C_{jt}, H_{jt}	-1.7538	0.00	-0.0518	0.91	-0.1220	0.75	-0.7893	0.49	-0.8248	0.01	-0.1898	0.00
Constant	0.3724	0.41	0.3278	0.47	0.2460	0.39	0.2123	0.39	-0.0622	0.78	-0.2537	0.00
Obs., Eq.	1,208	3	1,208	4	1,995	3	1,995	4	3,203	3	3,203	4
Groups	684	-	684	-	1,136	-	1,136	-	1,404	-	1,404	-
R^{2}-within	0.507	-	0.494	-	0.192	-	0.193	-	0.297	-	0.293	-
R^{2}-between	0.384	-	0.425	-	0.491	-	0.483	-	0.352	-	0.396	-
R^{2}-overall	0.422	-	0.460	-	0.498	-	0.490	-	0.379	-	0.418	-
T,CD	0.43	0.73	0.54	0.66	2.40	0.07	2.46	0.06	0.97	0.40	0.92	0.43
T,DS=DM	0.09	0.77	0.03	0.87	0.09	0.76	0.16	0.69	6.29	0.00	6.29	0.01
T,DS=DJ	0.03	0.86	0.01	0.91	3.78	0.05	3.80	0.05	5.79	0.02	5.79	0.02
T,DM=DJ	0.12	0.73	0.00	0.97	3.37	0.07	3.46	0.06	0.39	0.93	0.39	0.53
Highly concentrated industries, lagged estimates
LE_{ijt-1}	0.3167	0.01	0.3074	0.01	0.0942	0.17	0.0886	0.20	0.2231	0.00	0.2119	0.00
LK_{ijt-1}	-0.0473	0.48	-0.0483	0.47	0.0814	0.05	0.0792	0.05	0.0248	0.46	0.0249	0.47
LE_{ijt-1}^{2}	-0.0146	0.87	-0.0164	0.86	0.0510	0.28	0.0508	0.29	0.0866	0.05	0.0845	0.04
LK_{ijt-1}^{2}	0.0215	0.17	0.0213	0.17	0.0124	0.27	0.0122	0.27	0.0148	0.10	0.0144	0.11
LELK_{ijt-1}	0.0106	0.85	0.0116	0.84	-0.0012	0.98	-0.0040	0.93	-0.0469	0.17	-0.0454	0.16
SS_{ijt-1}	-1.0102	0.16	-1.1845	0.08	1.8153	0.00	1.8834	0.00	0.8800	0.02	0.6847	0.06
SM_{ijt-1}	-2.1393	0.04	-2.2205	0.04	0.0671	0.87	0.0706	0.87	-0.4118	0.21	-0.5811	0.06
SJ_{ijt-1}	-2.0126	0.09	-2.2167	0.07	0.2046	0.73	0.1859	0.76	-0.4042	0.47	-0.7051	0.16
C_{jt-1}, H_{jt-1}	-0.3816	0.48	0.0900	0.83	-1.6141	0.00	-2.7051	0.08	-0.5261	0.17	0.4276	0.30
Constant	1.2471	0.03	1.1396	0.05	0.0608	0.83	-0.5399	0.04	-0.0844	0.78	-0.2976	0.31
Obs., Eq.	649	3	649	4	1,194	3	1,194	4	1,843	3	1,843	4
Groups	359	-	359	-	588	-	588	-	702	-	702	-
R^{2}-within	0.446	-	0.445	-	0.135	-	0.124	-	0.250	-	0.249	-
R^{2}-between	0.093	-	0.105	-	0.074	-	0.068	-	0.140	-	0.172	-
R^{2}-overall	0.108	-	0.122	-	0.084	-	0.077	-	0.137	-	0.163	-
T,CD	1.07	0.36	1.08	0.36	1.56	0.20	1.40	0.24	1.87	0.13	1.96	0.12
T,DS=DM	1.24	0.27	1.05	0.31	9.65	0.00	9.49	0.00	13.04	0.00	12.50	0.00
T,DS=DJ	0.74	0.39	0.75	0.39	7.25	0.01	7.73	0.01	6.53	0.01	7.59	0.01
T,DM=DJ	0.05	0.82	0.00	0.99	0.09	0.77	0.06	0.80	0.00	0.99	0.09	0.76
Appendix Table B2a: Yearend Employment of All Firms, SOEs, and MNCs with 20 or More Employees and Positive Sales, Value Added and Fixed Assets by Industry Group (thousands)

Owner, industry group	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
All firms, all industries	3,292	3,650	4,173	4,112	4,906	4,969	5,324	4,618	3,304
Manufacturing	1,535	1,737	2,096	2,300	2,713	2,852	3,131	2,798	1,643
Food, beverages	247	273	315	326	376	383	402	337	167
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	637	716	891	976	1,141	1,192	1,307	1,193	708
Wood, furniture, paper	134	160	204	243	301	353	398	314	135
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	112	121	140	147	178	181	202	191	136
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	198	224	262	291	339	349	367	324	203
Machinery	95	110	125	143	161	175	208	209	151
Transportation equipment	54	66	87	94	112	113	127	119	72
Other manufacturing	58	65	73	79	103	106	119	110	70
Non-manufacturing	1,757	1,913	2,077	1,812	2,194	2,117	2,193	1,820	1,661
SOEs, all industries	2,065	2,095	2,152	1,841	1,978	1,540	1,398	1,122	919
Manufacturing	713	691	729	732	704	555	474	362	251
Food, beverages	131	120	132	127	120	94	74	47	28
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	252	245	259	260	241	178	145	101	70
Wood, furniture, paper	38	34	36	33	31	38	30	24	10
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	61	55	54	55	61	42	41	38	29
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	124	120	128	136	130	103	81	67	41
Machinery	44	48	45	46	41	29	30	18	21
Transportation equipment	32	33	39	39	42	34	38	39	27
Other manufacturing	33	35	36	36	39	36	34	28	26
Non-manufacturing	1,352	1,404	1,423	1,109	1,274	985	924	760	668
Wholly-foreign MNCs	281	358	527	646	851	999	1,216	1,201	653
Manufacturing	271	344	507	631	822	964	1,171	1,159	609
Food, beverages	18	23	23	28	42	43	50	48	23
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	157	191	304	383	479	560	654	650	358
Wood, furniture, paper	19	28	41	55	77	96	124	118	31
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	15	19	25	29	40	47	67	64	36
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	12	16	25	28	39	46	56	53	32
Machinery	31	37	49	61	74	97	123	137	88
Transportation equipment	7	12	17	21	29	30	39	35	16
Other manufacturing	12	18	22	26	40	44	59	55	25
Non-manufacturing	10	14	20	16	30	35	45	41	43
MNC Joint Ventures	119	121	150	137	175	185	205	185	124
Manufacturing	80	86	111	105	131	137	151	136	81
Food, beverages	16	16	19	16	18	20	19	20	10
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	22	26	38	32	49	49	58	53	28
Wood, furniture, paper	5	4	7	8	10	10	11	8	4
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	8	9	11	9	10	10	10	8	6
Metals, Non-metallic mineral prod.	12	12	13	13	15	16	17	17	13
Machinery	8	7	7	8	10	11	11	11	8
Transportation equipment	8	9	13	16	17	20	23	17	12
Other manufacturing	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
Non-manufacturing	39	35	38	32	43	48	54	49	42

Source: Authors' compilations from General Statistics Office (various years b) and published estimates from General Statistics Office (various years a)
Appendix Table B2b: Yearend Employment of All Firms, SOEs, and MNCs with Positive Sales, Employment, Value Added, and Fixed Assets by Owner and Industry Group (thousands)

Owner, industry group	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
All firms, all industries	3,457	3,850	4,423	4,372	5,262	5,388	5,933	4,971	3,776
Manufacturing	1,575	1,780	2,151	2,352	2,786	2,935	3,233	2,862	1,719
Food, beverages	265	291	334	344	397	406	427	354	181
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	640	719	894	979	1,147	1,198	1,316	1,198	715
Wood, furniture, paper	139	167	213	252	313	367	415	324	150
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	115	124	144	152	185	190	213	198	144
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	205	232	272	301	354	366	388	338	221
Machinery	96	112	128	146	165	180	214	213	156
Transportation equipment	55	68	89	96	115	116	130	121	74
Other manufacturing	60	67	77	83	109	113	130	116	78
Non-manufacturing	1,882	2,070	2,273	2,020	2,477	2,453	2,700	2,109	2,057
SOEs, all industries	2,071	2,099	2,155	1,842	1,980	1,543	1,403	1,123	920
Manufacturing	714	692	730	731	704	556	474	362	251
Food, beverages	131	121	132	127	120	94	74	47	28
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	252	245	259	260	241	178	145	101	70
Wood, furniture, paper	38	34	36	33	31	38	30	24	10
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	61	55	54	55	61	42	41	38	29
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	124	120	128	135	130	103	81	67	41
Machinery	44	48	45	46	41	29	30	18	21
Transportation equipment	32	33	39	39	42	34	39	39	27
Other manufacturing	33	35	36	36	39	36	34	28	26
Non-manufacturing	1,357	1,407	1,425	1,111	1,276	988	928	761	669
Wholly-foreign MNCs, all industries	282	360	529	648	854	1,003	1,221	1,203	656
Manufacturing	272	345	508	631	823	966	1,174	1,160	610
Food, beverages	18	23	23	28	42	43	50	48	23
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	157	191	304	383	480	560	655	649	358
Wood, furniture, paper	19	28	41	55	78	97	124	118	30
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	15	19	25	29	41	48	68	64	37
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	12	16	25	28	39	46	56	53	33
Machinery	31	37	50	61	74	97	124	138	88
Transportation equipment	7	12	17	21	29	30	39	35	16
Other manufacturing	12	18	22	26	41	45	59	55	25
Non-manufacturing	10	15	21	16	31	36	47	42	45
MNC Joint Ventures	120	122	151	137	176	186	206	186	125
Manufacturing	80	86	112	106	132	137	152	136	82
Food, beverages	16	16	19	16	18	20	19	20	10
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	22	26	38	32	50	49	58	53	28
Wood, furniture, paper	5	4	7	8	10	10	11	8	4
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	8	9	11	9	10	10	11	8	6
Metals, Non-metallic mineral prod.	12	12	13	13	15	16	17	17	13
Machinery	8	7	7	8	10	11	11	11	8
Transportation equipment	8	9	13	16	17	20	23	17	12
Other manufacturing	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
Non-manufacturing	40	36	39	32	44	49	55	50	43

Source: Authors' compilations from General Statistics Office (various years b) and published estimates from General Statistics Office (various years a)
Appendix Table B3a: Number of All Firms, SOEs, MNCs with 20 or More Employees and Positive Sales, Value Added, and Fixed Assets by Industry Group

Owner, industry group	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
All firms, all industries	14,357	16,796	20,366	21,742	26,896	29,705	31,507	25,082	21,230
Manufacturing	5,764	6,719	8,037	8,674	10,787	11,767	12,556	10,202	7,357
Food, beverages	1,045	1,147	1,321	1,397	1,679	1,839	1,951	1,532	953
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	1,037	1,207	1,501	1,586	2,065	2,160	2,296	1,769	1,489
Wood, furniture, paper	904	1,113	1,319	1,516	1,867	2,105	2,243	1,759	1,144
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	611	717	880	922	1,148	1,282	1,424	1,252	911
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	1,129	1,343	1,607	1,746	2,208	2,478	2,630	2,179	1,502
Machinery	404	473	548	603	713	733	802	680	565
Transportation equipment	304	356	416	434	496	527	508	425	319
Other manufacturing	330	363	445	470	611	643	702	606	474
Non-manufacturing	8,593	10,077	12,329	13,068	16,109	17,938	18,951	14,880	13,873
SOEs, all industries	5,368	5,020	4,951	4,334	4,199	3,550	3,166	2,380	1,597
Manufacturing	1,531	1,379	1,343	1,222	1,164	933	804	625	477
Food, beverages	288	252	252	226	214	180	152	107	68
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	230	215	208	193	173	131	101	73	59
Wood, furniture, paper	116	105	100	81	77	66	62	40	21
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	136	120	111	106	100	74	68	56	44
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	328	272	263	250	240	188	155	119	78
Machinery	134	131	120	114	104	74	58	48	51
Transportation equipment	114	104	105	91	87	67	62	53	49
Other manufacturing	185	180	184	161	169	153	146	129	107
Non-manufacturing	3,837	3,641	3,608	3,112	3,035	2,617	2,362	1,755	1,120
Wholly-foreign MNCs	728	971	1,291	1,480	1,926	2,167	2,649	2,264	1,593
Manufacturing	630	830	1,121	1,323	1,679	1,882	2,283	1,998	1,280
Food, beverages	78	86	106	126	145	164	181	151	72
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	174	229	332	399	514	537	617	525	377
Wood, furniture, paper	60	94	130	162	200	238	281	256	115
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	96	125	149	174	239	276	383	333	196
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	73	95	131	146	196	224	281	251	187
Machinery	69	88	119	139	156	178	222	203	152
Transportation equipment	37	58	73	86	115	134	150	132	86
Other manufacturing	43	55	81	91	114	131	168	147	95
Non-manufacturing	98	141	170	157	247	285	366	266	313
MNC Joint Ventures	581	562	589	552	653	660	681	554	464
Manufacturing	324	317	352	360	386	380	387	322	222
Food, beverages	59	52	64	60	62	58	63	52	32
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	39	37	52	54	69	60	59	52	41
Wood, furniture, paper	27	24	27	31	38	41	39	31	17
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	51	53	59	59	54	57	60	47	27
Metals, Non-metallic mineral prod.	72	75	74	74	75	80	81	74	51
Machinery	44	43	39	40	47	42	40	30	27
Transportation equipment	22	22	24	28	28	29	30	23	18
Other manufacturing	10	11	13	14	13	13	15	13	9
Non-manufacturing	257	245	237	192	267	280	294	232	242

Source: Authors' compilations from General Statistics Office (various years b) and published estimates from General Statistics Office (various years a)
Appendix Table B3b: Number of All Firms, SOEs, and MNCs with Positive Sales, Employment, Value Added, and Fixed Assets by Industry Group

Owner, industry group	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
All firms, all industries	37,281	43,408	52,118	53,800	70,140	80,015	114,384	72,187	82,826
Manufacturing	10,101	11,320	13,816	14,188	18,239	20,199	24,217	17,294	15,939
Food, beverages	3,426	3,398	3,794	3,570	4,156	4,526	5,084	3,637	2,630
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	1,187	1,394	1,817	1,899	2,561	2,740	3,339	2,340	2,348
Wood, furniture, paper	1,444	1,755	2,182	2,395	3,031	3,449	4,065	2,879	2,802
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	847	1,023	1,306	1,341	1,806	2,110	2,628	2,003	1,808
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	1,800	2,077	2,563	2,724	3,619	4,071	4,902	3,560	3,358
Machinery	519	619	772	844	1,084	1,148	1,401	1,020	1,057
Transportation equipment	427	497	603	592	708	794	760	582	489
Other manufacturing	451	557	779	823	1,274	1,361	2,038	1,273	1,447
Non-manufacturing	27,180	32,088	38,302	39,612	51,901	59,816	90,167	54,893	66,887
SOEs, all industries	5,656	5,263	5,174	4,483	4,347	3,710	3,311	2,483	1,676
Manufacturing	1,558	1,402	1,366	1,237	1,179	947	817	637	484
Food, beverages	296	258	261	230	217	183	155	109	70
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	234	216	210	194	173	133	101	74	60
Wood, furniture, paper	117	106	100	83	78	66	64	41	21
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	139	121	112	106	100	75	68	57	44
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	331	275	265	251	243	189	159	122	79
Machinery	135	132	121	115	104	74	58	48	51
Transportation equipment	118	107	107	93	88	70	63	53	49
Other manufacturing	188	187	190	165	176	157	149	133	110
Non-manufacturing	4,098	3,861	3,808	3,246	3,168	2,763	2,494	1,846	1,192
Wholly-foreign MNCs	820	1,100	1,471	1,660	2,206	2,475	3,114	2,521	1,989
Manufacturing	683	902	1,222	1,436	1,837	2,058	2,508	2,159	1,486
Food, beverages	86	102	124	145	169	184	199	166	93
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	178	235	345	408	529	548	641	537	403
Wood, furniture, paper	61	99	132	168	210	252	300	267	131
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	111	140	171	199	272	331	444	381	234
Metals, non-metallic mineral prod.	81	108	147	170	224	255	316	284	232
Machinery	77	94	136	154	181	200	257	224	188
Transportation equipment	40	61	77	93	124	142	166	139	90
Other manufacturing	49	63	90	99	128	146	185	161	115
Non-manufacturing	137	198	249	224	369	417	606	362	503
MNC Joint Ventures	639	635	680	609	741	741	800	624	551
Manufacturing	340	343	385	386	416	411	422	346	251
Food, beverages	60	56	69	65	67	66	69	57	38
Textiles, apparel, leather, footwear	39	39	52	55	72	61	62	53	43
Wood, furniture, paper	28	25	30	32	40	43	41	31	17
Chemicals, rubber, plastics	57	59	67	64	61	62	68	51	30
Metals, Non-metallic mineral prod.	76	81	81	81	79	85	86	79	55
Machinery	45	44	45	46	52	47	46	35	34
Transportation equipment	23	24	25	29	30	32	33	24	22
Other manufacturing	12	15	16	14	15	15	17	16	12
Non-manufacturing	299	292	295	223	325	330	378	278	300

Source: Authors' compilations from General Statistics Office (various years b) and published estimates from General Statistics Office (various years a)