FY1999	FY2001	FY2002
HH w/Carereceiver (N=784)	HH w/Chronic Patient (N=694)	HH w/Carereceiver (N=784)	HH w/Chronic Patient (N=694)	HH w/Chronic Patient (N=546)
average	S.D.	average	S.D.	average	S.D.	average	S.D.	average
Labor Status (1=working, 0=not working)	0.647	(0.478)	0.633	(0.482)	0.583	(0.493)	0.624	(0.485)	0.716
Working Days per Week	2.494	(2.639)	4.331	(1.998)	2.039	(2.535)	4.475	(1.773)	2.058
Working Days per Week (natural log)	0.782	(0.815)	0.854	(0.812)	0.644	(0.787)	0.898	(0.801)	0.648
Working Hours per Day	3.266	(3.611)	5.830	(3.085)	2.642	(3.423)	5.963	(2.938)	2.655
Working Hours per Day (natural log)	0.909	(0.939)	1.001	(0.957)	0.746	(0.904)	1.053	(0.936)	0.750
Dummy for Being in Need of Care	1.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	1.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	1.000
Dummy for Support Required	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.042	(0.200)	0.007	(0.084)	0.067
Dummy for Care Level 1	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.148	(0.355)	0.024	(0.152)	0.190
Dummy for Care Level 2	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.146	(0.353)	0.015	(0.121)	0.158
Dummy for Care Level 3	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.094	(0.292)	0.018	(0.133)	0.095
Dummy for Care Level 4	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.087	(0.282)	0.017	(0.130)	0.088
Dummy for Care Level 5	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	0.071	(0.256)	0.016	(0.124)	0.075
Age of Caregiver	52.192	(9.929)	47.208	(9.945)	54.732	(9.878)	47.921	(10.261)	55.123
Education of Caregiver (junior high school graduates) **	0.097	(0.295)	0.061	(0.239)	0.097	(0.295)	0.061	(0.239)	0.097
Education of Caregiver (high school graduates)	0.544	(0.498)	0.536	(0.499)	0.544	(0.498)	0.536	(0.499)	0.544
Education of Caregiver (community college, prof. training graduates)	0.234	(0.424)	0.259	(0.439)	0.234	(0.424)	0.259	(0.439)	0.234
Education of Caregiver (university graduates or above)	0.099	(0.298)	0.127	(0.333)	0.099	(0.298)	0.127	(0.333)	0.099
Months from approval	0.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)	7.462	(9.933)	0.000	(0.000)	16.645
Household Assets (natural log)	17.137	(1.049)	17.183	(0.999)	17.137	(1.049)	17.183	(0.999)	17.137
Elderly Assets (natural log)	16.044	(1.239)	16.169	(1.267)	16.044	(1.239)	16.169	(1.267)	16.044
Share of Elderly's assets Out of Household Assets	0.489	(0.418)	0.513	(0.448)	0.489	(0.418)	0.513	(0.448)	0.489
Sharing Budgets between Elderly and Household Members	0.789	(0.408)	0.710	(0.454)	0.789	(0.408)	0.710	(0.454)	0.789
Dummy for Private Life Insurance	0.739	(0.439)	0.754	(0.431)	0.739	(0.439)	0.754	(0.431)	0.739
Dummy for Private Medical Insurance	0.399	(0.490)	0.458	(0.499)	0.399	(0.490)	0.458	(0.499)	0.399
Dummy for Private Medical Insurance (Cancer)	0.298	(0.458)	0.318	(0.466)	0.298	(0.458)	0.318	(0.466)	0.298
Dummy for Private Pension Program	0.309	(0.462)	0.300	(0.458)	0.309	(0.462)	0.300	(0.458)	0.309
Dummy for Private Long-term Care Insurance	0.044	(0.206)	0.079	(0.270)	0.044	(0.206)	0.079	(0.270)	0.044
Dummy for No Private Insurance **	0.612	(0.487)	0.448	(0.498)	0.612	(0.487)	0.448	(0.498)	0.612
Number of Family Members	4.096	(1.442)	4.512	(1.238)	4.096	(1.442)	4.512	(1.238)	4.096
Tenant Status (1=own house)	0.937	(0.244)	0.965	(0.183)	0.937	(0.244)	0.965	(0.183)	0.937
Gender of Care Receiver (1=Female)	0.734	(0.442)	0.692	(0.462)	0.734	(0.442)	0.692	(0.462)	0.734
Age of Care Receiver	80.707	(7.045)	76.310	(6.042)	83.223	(6.936)	78.224	(6.052)	83.694
Relationship (Care receiver=Spouse)	0.119	(0.323)	0.105	(0.307)	0.119	(0.323)	0.105	(0.307)	0.119
Relationship (Care receiver=Caregiver's Parent)	0.332	(0.471)	0.284	(0.451)	0.332	(0.471)	0.284	(0.451)	0.332
Relationship (Care receiver=Spouse's Parent)	0.488	(0.500)	0.584	(0.493)	0.488	(0.500)	0.584	(0.493)	0.488
Cardiovascular Diseases, e.g., Hypertension and Arteriosclerosis	0.416	(0.493)	0.513	(0.500)	0.416	(0.493)	0.513	(0.500)	0.416
Heart-related Chronical Diseases, e.g., Angina Pectoris	0.196	(0.397)	0.177	(0.382)	0.196	(0.397)	0.177	(0.382)	0.196
Diabetes	0.117	(0.322)	0.140	(0.347)	0.117	(0.322)	0.140	(0.347)	0.117
Brain-related Chronical Diseases, e.g., Cerebral Infarction and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)	0.220	(0.415)	0.088	(0.283)	0.220	(0.415)	0.088	(0.283)	0.220
Chronic Diseases Related to Digestive Organs, e.g., Chronic Hepatitis, Gastric Ulcer (GU), Duodenal Ulcer (DU)	0.128	(0.334)	0.133	(0.339)	0.128	(0.334)	0.133	(0.339)	0.128
Respiratory Disease, e.g., Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis (CB)	0.102	(0.302)	0.079	(0.270)	0.102	(0.302)	0.079	(0.270)	0.102
Lower Back Pain, Muscle Stiffness of the Shoulder, Arthritis, and Rheumatism	0.356	(0.479)	0.341	(0.475)	0.356	(0.479)	0.341	(0.475)	0.356
Eye Related Diseases, e.g., Glaucoma and Cataracts	0.369	(0.483)	0.321	(0.467)	0.369	(0.483)	0.321	(0.467)	0.369
Kidney Related Diseases, e.g., Chronic Renal Failure	0.071	(0.256)	0.039	(0.194)	0.071	(0.256)	0.039	(0.194)	0.071
Rectal Diseases, e.g., Incarcerated Hemorrhoids and Thrombosed	0.085	(0.279)	0.046	(0.210)	0.085	(0.279)	0.046	(0.210)	0.085
External Hemorrhoids	0.105	(0.306)	0.024	(0.155)	0.105	(0.306)	0.024	(0.155)	0.105
No Chronic disease **	0.085	(0.279)	0.046	(0.210)	0.085	(0.279)	0.046	(0.210)	0.085

(Note) $ ^{**} $ refers to the reference variables.