Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Table 24 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by grounds for deportation

(People)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	39,382	32,661	24,213	20,659	15,178
Illegal entry	6,136	5,373	3,867	2,862	1,875
Illegal landing	253	186	134	164	187
Activity other than those permitted	1,153	810	751	542	617
Overstay	31,045	25,503	18,578	15,925	11,439
Criminal offenses etc.	795	789	883	1,166	1,060

Illegal work	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979

Table 25 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality/region

YearNationality/region	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	39,382	32,661	24,213	20,659	15,178
China	10,963	9,522	7,294	6,350	4,545
Philippines	7,847	6,370	5,058	4,346	2,972
R.O.Korea	4,993	3,934	3,215	2,625	2,028
Brazil	537	536	581	825	814
Thailand	2,020	1,832	1,475	1,108	786
Viet Nam	1,708	1,373	887	717	592
Peru	1,064	1,216	742	597	402
Indonesia	2,284	1,632	735	449	327
Sri Lanka	1,432	1,171	624	449	303
United States of America	168	124	176	258	218
Others	6,366	4,951	3,426	2,935	2,191

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## ② The Number of Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act by Grounds for Deportation

## (1) Illegal Entry

Of the foreign nationals against whom the deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2012, the number of illegal entrants $ (*) $ was 1,875 (12.4%), a decline of 987 (34.5%) from 2011. Looking at past records, the number increased after 2003 but started to decrease after 2006. Since the number of illegal entrants as a percentage of the total number of foreign nationals in violation of the Immigration Control Act is decreasing, it is considered that the countermeasures to prevent illegal entry have been quite effective.

According to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of illegal entrants was from China (532 accounting for 28.4% of the total), followed by the Philippines (520 accounting for 27.7%) and R.O. Korea (178 accounting for 9.5%), and there has been no change in the order of the top two countries since 2002.

According to statistics by means of transportation utilized for illegal entry, the number of illegal entrants using aircraft was 1,437 (76.6%), a decline of 668 (31.7%) from 2011, and therefore, illegal entry using aircraft as a percentage of the total is still high. Meanwhile, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for illegal entry by a vessel was 438 (23.4%), a decline of 319 (42.1%) from 2011. (Table 26, 27, 28).
Table 26 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	6,136	5,373	3,867	2,862	1,875
China	2,020	1,648	1,212	949	532
Philippines	1,376	1,237	1,065	799	520
R.O.Korea	478	427	327	270	178
Iran	248	174	133	112	124
Thailand	503	416	303	198	105
Peru	261	377	189	119	91
Indonesia	260	269	132	83	55
Sri Lanka	165	130	82	57	36
Nigeria	50	50	37	37	32
Bangladesh	263	160	79	35	26
Others	512	485	308	203	176

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 27 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry using aircraft by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	4,462	3,880	2,849	2,105	1,437
Philippines	1,301	1,153	1,006	760	500
China	942	698	533	443	263
Iran	202	141	113	96	113
Thailand	471	387	284	192	100
Peru	261	377	188	119	90
Others	1,285	1,124	725	495	371

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 28 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by vessel by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/region	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	1,674	1,493	1,018	757	438
China	1,078	950	679	506	269
R.O.Korea	254	262	186	166	100
Philippines	75	84	59	39	20
Iran	46	33	20	16	11
China (Hong Kong)	0	0	0	0	11
Others	221	164	74	30	27

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

(*) An illegal entrant means a person who enters Japan in violation of the provisions of Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Immigration Control Act. The provisions in the paragraph stipulate that any foreign national who falls under any of the following items shall not enter Japan: a person who does not possess a valid passport (except for a crew member possessing a valid crew member's pocket-ledger) (item (i)); and a person who intends to land in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provision of Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Immigration Control Act, or without obtaining authorized permission for landing from an immigration inspector (Item 2). Any foreign national who violates the provisions is considered an illegal entrant.
## (2) Illegal Landing

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced owing to violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2012, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Immigration Control Act, or without obtaining authorized permission for landing from an immigration inspector was 187 (1.2%), a slight increase of 23 (14.0%) from 2011. (Table 29)

Table 29 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	253	186	134	164	187
Turkey	39	17	27	72	98
China	58	50	25	20	14
Viet Nam	3	5	1	2	10
Pakistan	3	6	2	5	9
Philippines	14	14	9	4	6
Sri Lanka	27	4	8	0	6
Nigeria	2	1	1	0	6
United States of America	2	1	0	6	5
R.O.Korea	17	10	11	12	4
Thailand	9	18	7	4	4
Others	79	60	43	39	25

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) Overstay

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2012, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay was 11,439 (75.4%), a decrease by 4,486 (28.2%) from 2011, which was still overwhelmingly high.

According to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay was from China (3,415 accounting for 29.9% of the total), followed by the Philippines (2,295 accounting for 20.1%), R.O. Korea (1,476 accounting for 12.9%), Brazil (671 accounting for 5.9%) and Thailand (615 accounting for 5.4%). (Table 30)

Table 30 Changes in the number of cases of foreign nationals staying beyond the authorized period of stay by nationality/region

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Nationality/region
Total	31,045	25,503	18,578	15,925	11,439
China	8,326	7,342	5,494	4,848	3,415
Philippines	6,188	4,960	3,797	3,280	2,295
R.O.Korea	4,147	3,104	2,582	2,082	1,476
Brazil	346	375	434	649	671
Thailand	1,444	1,347	1,130	860	615
Viet Nam	1,570	1,268	783	635	482
Peru	779	812	529	446	284
Indonesia	1,978	1,350	590	350	260
Sri Lanka	1,216	1,026	515	375	235
United States of America	143	99	157	224	200
Others	4,908	3,820	2,567	2,176	1,506

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) Activity Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in an activity other than those permitted for the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be enforced on grounds of engaging in an activity other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted. The number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced in 2012 was 617 (4.1%), an increase of 75 (13.8%) from 2011.

Accordingly to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China (228 accounting for 37.0% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (212 accounting for 34.4%) and Nepal (48 accounting for 7.8%), and these top three countries accounted for 79.1% of the total. (Table 31)

Table 31 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted by nationality/region

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Nationality/region
Total	1,153	810	751	542	617
China	369	266	291	192	228
R.O.Korea	275	306	207	125	212
Nepal	35	10	45	60	48
Viet Nam	56	15	36	12	34
Philippines	189	85	57	71	20
Sri Lanka	16	9	15	10	20
Bangladesh	26	18	23	11	11
Thailand	14	14	6	5	9
Indonesia	29	11	4	14	7
India	23	8	19	13	6
Others	121	68	48	29	22

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## Article: Reaction to activists claiming sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands

In recent years, the activities of protesters from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong claiming sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands (activities to claim the Diaoyu Islands) have intensified, and there are incidents in which these protesters have entered the sea area of the Senkaku Islands in their vessels and intruded into the territorial waters of Japan.

The Immigration Bureau has handled the activists claiming sovereignty in close contact with the related government bodies, mainly the Cabinet Secretariat (officers in charge of security and crisis management). For example, the Immigration Bureau took immigration control officers on the patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard, which were conducting activities to conduct surveillance of the sea area around the Senkaku Islands, to participate in those activities along with the Japan Coast Guard and the police.
## ③ Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2012, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 8,979, accounting for 59.2%. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who are hiding out somewhere in Japan are working illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in the present severe employment climate, and have a serious negative impact on a fair labor market. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Some foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

The amended Immigration Control Act enforced on July 1, 2010 stipulates any act of a foreign national aiding another foreign national to engage in illegal work, such as through employment of the foreign national, to be one of the grounds for deportation (Article 24, item (iii)-4 of the Immigration Control Act). Thus, the Immigration Bureau promotes regulations on foreign nationals who encourage illegal work.

## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality/Region

Illegal workers came from 78 countries/regions, mainly from neighboring Asian countries, indicating that there is still a trend being seen toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers.

According to statistics by nationality/region, illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 3,082 accounting for 34.3%, followed by the Philippines (1,589 accounting for 17.7%), R.O. Korea (1,356 accounting for 15.1%), Thailand (567 accounting for 6.3%), and Viet Nam (380 accounting for 4.2%). These top five countries represented 77.7% of the total. As a trend in recent years, Chinese illegal workers accounted for a high percentage. (Table 32)
Table 32 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979
Male	19,270	16,522	10,943	7,954	5,346
Female	13,201	10,023	7,547	5,959	3,633
China	9,583	8,205	6,039	4,876	3,082
Male	5,950	5,343	3,887	2,968	1,981
Female	3,633	2,862	2,152	1,908	1,101
Philippines	6,083	4,845	3,573	2,632	1,589
Male	2,559	2,250	1,491	1,052	629
Female	3,524	2,595	2,082	1,580	960
R.O.Korea	4,077	3,241	2,590	1,918	1,356
Male	1,555	1,306	985	670	525
Female	2,522	1,935	1,605	1,248	831
Thailand	1,694	1,512	1,171	843	567
Male	903	822	645	456	318
Female	791	690	526	387	249
Viet Nam	1,473	1,152	722	521	380
Male	887	741	483	323	271
Female	586	411	239	198	109
Indonesia	2,162	1,557	675	397	267
Male	1,568	1,230	518	333	218
Female	594	327	157	64	49
Sri Lanka	1,278	1,042	554	365	246
Male	1,150	946	507	335	230
Female	128	96	47	30	16
Peru	786	932	487	324	198
Male	532	652	311	218	145
Female	254	280	176	106	53
Brazil	198	198	165	183	182
Male	152	158	125	149	141
Female	46	40	40	34	41
Nepal	535	456	277	179	117
Male	364	340	215	122	85
Female	171	116	62	57	32
Others	4,602	3,405	2,237	1,675	995
Male	3,650	2,734	1,776	1,328	803
Female	952	671	461	347	192

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

Illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken consisted of 5,346 male illegal workers (accounting for 59.5%) and 3,633 female illegal workers (accounting for 40.5%). The percentage of male illegal workers had slightly increased (2.3%) from 2011.

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were factory workers (1,623 accounting for 18.1% of the total), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses (1,365 accounting for 15.2%), and construction workers (1,154 accounting for 12.9%).

According to statistics by gender, the occupation of the largest group of male illegal workers was construction workers, followed by factory workers and other labor workers. On the other hand, the occupation of the largest group of female illegal workers was attendants such as bar hostesses, followed by factory workers and waitresses. (Table 33)

Table 33 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

(People)

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Job Categories
Total	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979
Male	19,270	16,522	10,943	7,954	5,346
Female	13,201	10,023	7,547	5,959	3,633
Factory worker	11,366	8,220	4,168	2,809	1,623
Male	7,670	5,687	2,846	1,869	1,124
Female	3,696	2,533	1,322	940	499
Attendants such as bar hostess	4,452	3,323	2,679	2,011	1,365
Male	429	331	240	120	114
Female	4,023	2,992	2,439	1,891	1,251
Construction worker	3,831	3,938	2,383	1,772	1,154
Male	3,792	3,890	2,358	1,750	1,146
Female	39	48	25	22	8
Other labor worker	3,092	2,461	1,715	1,527	907
Male	2,342	1,899	1,347	1,173	700
Female	750	562	368	354	207
Waitress and bartender	2,149	1,487	1,265	1,109	611
Male	807	596	464	417	256
Female	1,342	891	801	692	355
Agricultural worker	1,081	1,227	887	783	592
Male	826	937	670	554	432
Female	255	290	217	229	160
Others	6,098	5,804	5,114	3,902	2,727
Male	3,632	3,586	3,198	2,071	1,574
Female	2,466	2,218	1,916	1,831	1,153

Detection of illegal workers
## (5) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

It has been identified that illegal workers are working in 46 prefectures throughout Japan. According to statistics by place of work by prefecture, the largest number is found in Tokyo (1,740 accounting for 19.4% of the total), followed by Aichi prefecture (1,188 accounting for 13.2%), Chiba prefecture (1,088 accounting for 12.1%), Kanagawa prefecture (967 accounting for 10.8%), and Ibaraki prefecture (891 accounting for 9.9%).

According to statistics by region, the number of illegal workers in Tokyo and the six prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma, and Tochigi) in the Kanto district was 5,742 (accounting for 63.9%), making up most of the total, and the number of illegal workers in the nine prefectures in the Chubu district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) was also at a high level of 1,876 (accounting for 20.9%). Illegal workers in the Kanto and Chubu districts, standing at 84.8% (7,618), accounted for a substantial percentage of the total number of illegal workers. (Table 34)

Table 34 Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by area

(People)

Year Prefecture	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Total	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979
Tokyo	5,862	4,618	3,462	2,763	1,740
Aichi	4,801	3,924	2,188	1,637	1,188
Chiba	2,824	2,784	2,316	1,919	1,088
Kanagawa	4,497	3,522	2,594	1,663	967
Ibaraki	2,465	2,448	1,805	1,286	891
Saitama	2,784	2,215	1,528	1,112	616
Osaka	1,439	1,060	894	623	517
Gunma	1,980	1,375	717	447	249
Shizuoka	1,092	800	439	371	215
Tochigi	1,097	776	401	278	191
Others	3,630	3,023	2,146	1,814	1,317
## Article: At the front line of immigration control administration (voice of an immigration control officer in charge of the detection of offenders)(Yoshimune Agehari, First Investigation Department, Osaka Regional Immigration Bureau)

The main role of the First Investigation Department where I work is to track down those foreign nationals who are in violation of the Immigration Control Act. The places of violation include various establishments, such as adult entertainment businesses, factories, and restaurants. Some of you may have seen how we crack down on offenders on television or via other media. However, such scenes are just one part of our activities, and we need to conduct thorough investigations before being able to find the offenders.

Recently, we see few simple cases of illegal entry or overstaying, but on the other hand, we are seeing more violations where the form is becoming much more sophisticated such as activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted, and fake marriages. For this reason, the number of complicated cases that require us to continue our investigation into the offender even after he or she has been caught has been increasing, and it is becoming more difficult to handle each case. Although statistics appear to show that the number of offenders has decreased, this is because imposter foreign residents who pretend to be legitimate residents have increased and so it has become more difficult to find them.

In addition, in order to be able to properly handle the employment of illegal residents, a recent amendment to the Immigration Control Act added the act of assisting illegal work to the grounds for deportation. We have been reinforcing detection of these cases, but as a result, some illegal residents who cannot openly be employed are working underground, some of whom would try their hand at any criminal act.

I believe that we play a part in the security efforts of Japan by detecting such offenders. I feel my work is worthwhile, although hard.

In order to reduce the number of offenders, it is essential to build cooperation with the police and other government bodies and to obtain the understanding and cooperation of the general public.
## 4 Outline of Decisions on Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Processing of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspected of coming under any of the grounds for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to undergo the procedures for examination of violations after an investigation by an immigration control officer. These procedures consist of three steps: examination of the violation by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision of the Minister of Justice.

The number of cases which underwent an ex-

Decision on violation

amination of the violation in 2012 was 16,103, which has been declining continuously since 2006. (Table 35)

Table 35 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

Division	Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Received	Received	43,073 (3,274)	34,247 (1,234)	25,731 (1,375)	21,584 (771)	16,103 (748)
Completed	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	4	2	10	5	4
Issuance of written deportation order	22,179	16,312	11,386	7,628	5,640
Request for hearing	10,639	7,071	8,164	8,577	6,949
Issuance of written departure order	8,477	9,041	5,186	4,501	2,594
Not completed, others	1,774	1,821	985	873	916
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Received	Received	11,247 (562)	7,607 (506)	8,777 (587)	9,286 (674)	7,755 (711)
Completed	Error in the findings	2	-	1	3	-
Issuance of written deportation order	166	104	112	120	101
Filing of an objection	10,515	6,876	7,949	8,389	6,952
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	564	627	715	774	702
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Completed	Received	11,280 (682)	7,456 (561)	8,756 (712)	9,017 (526)	7,485 (459)
Objection with reason	3	1	-	7	2
Objection without reason	10,593	6,630	8,107	8,440	6,887
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	684	825	649	570	596

$ ^{*} $ The numbers indicated in ( ) are carry-over cases from the previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.
The number of requests for a hearing after examination of the violation in 2012 was 6,949 accounting for 43.2% of the total number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation, a decline of 1,628 (accounting for 19.0%) from 2011 (but the percentage had risen by 3.5% from 2011). (Chart 25)

Chart 25: Changes in the number and percentages of requests for a hearing

The number of objections filed by foreign nationals who were not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing was 6,952 in 2012, a decline of 1,437 (accounting for 17.1%) from 2011. (Table 35)

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2012 was 7,329. According to statistics by grounds for the deportation, the cases of overstaying amounted to 4,270, accounting for 58.3% of the total, while the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 19.5%, both of which showed almost the same percentage as 2011. (Table 36)

Table 36 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Grounds for Deportation
Total	24,442	18,436	13,277	9,348	7,329
Overstay	16,966	12,130	8,665	5,588	4,270
Illegal entry	5,125	4,473	2,956	2,014	1,430
Illegal landing	241	173	113	138	134
Activity other than those permitted	1,137	813	735	510	622
Criminal offenses etc.	805	641	477	771	576
Others	168	206	331	327	297
According to statistics by nationality/region in 2012, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued with written deportation orders came from China (2,544 accounting for 34.7% of the total), followed by the Philippines (1,171 accounting for 16.0%), and Korea (978 accounting for 13.3%). (Chart 26)

Chart 26: Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality/Region

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2012, the number of foreign nationals detained under a written detention order who were accorded provisional release was 2,128, a decline of 3 (0.1%) from 2011. The number of foreign nationals detained under a written deportation order who were accorded provisional release was 1,137, an increase of 75 (7.1%) from 2011. (Table 37)

Table 37 Changes in the number of cases of permission for provisional release

Year	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Type of Order
By written detention order	1,918	2,265	2,095	2,131	2,128
By written deportation order	819	837	1,012	1,062	1,137