Table 1: Sample Statistics by Type of Household and Period

All Observations	1984-1988 Observations	1994-1998 Observations	2004-2008 Observations
Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Obs.	Mean	Std. Dev.
All Households

Number of Household Members	1,426,885	3.37	1.25	479,191	3.65	1.28	476,231	3.34	1.25	471,463	3.11	1.16
Age of the Husband	1,426,885	51.3	14.0	479,191	47.6	12.7	476,231	51.2	13.6	471,463	55.1	14.6
Age of the Wife	1,308,063	48.1	13.4	443,299	44.2	11.9	439,710	48.1	13.1	425,054	52.3	14.0
Annual Income of the Previous Year	1,426,885	6,365.7	4,121.6	479,191	5,499.5	3,417.4	476,231	7,285.4	4,731.8	471,463	6,317.2	3,912.4
Monthly Wage of the Household Head	1,017,369	358.0	359.8	327,050	346.3	310.3	349,065	400.6	397.9	341,254	325.6	358.7
Monthly Consumption Expenditures (Total)	1,426,885	299.1	250.3	479,191	274.0	210.6	476,231	326.5	277.7	471,463	296.9	255.3
Monthly Consumption Exp. (excl. Hous. & Remit.)	1,426,885	272.8	223.2	479,191	253.6	196.2	476,231	295.3	246.0	471,463	269.5	222.9
Food	1,426,885	72.4	33.1	479,191	72.2	31.7	476,231	76.9	35.2	471,463	68.0	31.7
Housing	1,426,885	17.5	77.6	479,191	13.2	40.9	476,231	20.5	89.5	471,463	18.9	91.8
Fuel, Light, and Water	1,426,885	19.7	12.6	479,191	16.9	11.5	476,231	20.4	12.7	471,463	21.9	13.1
Furniture and Household Utensils	1,426,885	11.2	34.9	479,191	11.5	37.9	476,231	12.3	38.8	471,463	9.7	26.6
Clothing and Footwear	1,426,885	17.5	36.3	479,191	19.7	39.5	476,231	19.6	40.5	471,463	13.0	27.0
Medical Care	1,426,885	10.0	26.6	479,191	7.1	20.2	476,231	10.3	26.8	471,463	12.6	31.5
Transportation and Communication	1,426,885	31.7	108.7	479,191	24.9	85.9	476,231	32.7	120.2	471,463	37.5	116.6
Education	1,426,885	12.6	55.8	479,191	11.0	42.4	476,231	14.4	65.7	471,463	12.3	56.8
Culture and Recreation	1,426,885	28.8	52.4	479,191	24.5	49.0	476,231	31.7	56.5	471,463	30.4	51.2
Other Consumption Expenditures	1,426,885	77.8	133.0	479,191	73.0	111.1	476,231	87.7	149.5	471,463	72.7	135.0
Other Consumption Exp. (excl. Remittances)	1,426,885	69.0	115.2	479,191	65.7	98.3	476,231	77.0	128.9	471,463	64.3	116.1
Households without Large Remittances

Number of Household Members	1,337,427	3.39	1.26	449,599	3.68	1.29	443,797	3.36	1.26	444,031	3.11	1.17
Age of the Husband	1,337,427	51.2	14.3	449,599	47.4	13.0	443,797	51.1	13.9	444,031	55.2	14.9
Age of the Wife	1,222,339	48.0	13.8	414,858	43.9	12.2	408,399	48.0	13.4	399,082	52.4	14.3
Annual Income of the Previous Year	1,337,427	6,168.7	3,935.7	449,599	5,344.9	3,267.7	443,797	7,044.5	4,517.8	444,031	6,127.6	3,740.2
Monthly Wage of the Household Head	951,466	344.2	346.5	306,584	335.9	299.9	324,977	384.0	381.8	319,905	311.7	346.6
Monthly Consumption Expenditures (Total)	1,337,427	284.8	232.1	449,599	262.5	197.1	443,797	309.1	255.6	444,031	283.0	237.8
Monthly Consumption Exp. (excl. Hous. & Remit.)	1,337,427	266.8	216.7	449,599	248.8	190.9	443,797	288.1	237.4	444,031	263.7	217.6
Food	1,337,427	71.9	33.0	449,599	72.0	31.6	443,797	76.3	35.1	444,031	67.4	31.5
Housing	1,337,427	17.7	77.0	449,599	13.3	40.9	443,797	20.7	88.6	444,031	19.1	91.1
Fuel, Light, and Water	1,337,427	19.6	12.5	449,599	16.8	11.3	443,797	20.3	12.6	444,031	21.7	13.0
Furniture and Household Utensils	1,337,427	10.9	34.3	449,599	11.2	37.2	443,797	12.0	38.5	444,031	9.5	25.8
Clothing and Footwear	1,337,427	16.8	34.0	449,599	19.0	37.4	443,797	18.8	37.2	444,031	12.6	25.6
Medical Care	1,337,427	9.9	26.6	449,599	7.0	19.9	443,797	10.2	26.8	444,031	12.5	31.5
Transportation and Communication	1,337,427	30.6	106.7	449,599	24.2	84.7	443,797	31.5	118.0	444,031	36.2	114.2
Education	1,337,427	12.0	51.2	449,599	10.7	38.6	443,797	13.6	57.9	444,031	11.7	54.9
Culture and Recreation	1,337,427	28.3	51.3	449,599	24.0	47.8	443,797	31.1	55.0	444,031	29.8	50.5
Other Consumption Expenditures	1,337,427	67.1	112.1	449,599	64.2	95.9	443,797	74.6	125.0	444,031	62.6	113.3
Other Consumption Exp. (excl. Remittances)	1,337,427	66.8	111.9	449,599	63.9	95.6	443,797	74.3	124.9	444,031	62.3	113.2
Households With at Least One Child and Without Large Remittances

Number of Household Members	844,220	3.93	1.01	288,570	3.98	0.91	293,196	3.98	1.07	262,454	3.80	1.03
Age of the Husband	844,220	46.6	12.0	288,570	43.6	10.3	293,196	46.8	11.6	262,454	49.5	13.2
Age of the Wife	785,900	43.2	11.2	279,043	40.5	9.8	271,839	43.4	11.0	235,018	46.1	12.2
Annual Income of the Previous Year	844,220	6,627.5	3,987.2	288,570	5,525.2	3,145.8	293,196	7,631.9	4,556.4	262,454	6,717.4	3,820.1
Monthly Wage of the Household Head	641,036	399.2	352.0	213,778	365.2	304.2	224,227	446.0	386.1	203,031	383.3	353.8
Monthly Consumption Expenditures (Total)	844,220	302.4	231.1	288,570	275.2	193.7	293,196	330.0	254.7	262,454	301.5	237.4
Monthly Consumption Exp. (excl. Hous. & Remit.)	844,220	284.2	218.7	288,570	260.8	188.1	293,196	309.2	240.7	262,454	281.9	221.2
Food	844,220	77.2	33.5	288,570	75.8	30.5	293,196	82.9	36.0	262,454	72.2	32.8
Housing	844,220	17.9	69.2	288,570	14.0	39.4	293,196	20.5	78.1	262,454	19.3	82.8
Fuel, Light, and Water	844,220	20.7	12.9	288,570	17.0	11.0	<ecel>

Note: The unit for the value for incomes and consumption expenditures is 1,000 yen.