Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Figure 1. Smoothed Variables of 21 Sensor Series

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines denote actual data, and red dash lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band of estimation of data.
Figure 2. Smoothed Variables of 34 Information Series

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines denote actual data, and red dash lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band of estimation of data.
Figure 2. (continued)

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines denote actual data, and red dash lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band of estimation of data.
Figure 3. Contribution Ratio of 7 Model Concepts for 34 Information Series

(a) Consumption, Output and Employment

(b) Interest Rate and Price
Figure 3. (continued)

Note Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The contribution ratios mean the ratio of each model concept multiplied by $ \lambda_{i} $ over linear combination of seven model concepts, $ \Lambda_{i} \times S_{it} $ , represented in equation (2.4) for every information series and this ratio ignores the magnitude of measurement error in equation (2.4).
Figure 4. Structural Shocks

Note: Blue lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band of estimation of shocks.
Figure 5. Impulse Response Function of 21 Sensor Series to Monetary Policy Shock

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band.
Figure 6. Impulse Response Function of 34 Information Series to Monetary Policy Shock

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band.
Figure 6. (continued)

Note: Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. Blue lines and gray area represent the mean and 90% credible band.
Figure 7. Historical Decomposition of Sensor Series. (a) Output

Note Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The calculation of historical decomposition is described in Section 2.4.2.
(b) Inflation
Note Official name of contracted name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The calculation of historical decomposition is described in Section 2.4.2.
(d) Investment

Note Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The calculation of historical decomposition is described in Section 2.4.2.
Note Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The calculation of historical decomposition is described in Section 2.4.2.
Figure 8. Historical Decomposition of Information Series.

Note Official name for abbreviated name used as titles of every graph is mentioned in Appendix Table 1. The calculation of historical decomposition is described in Section 2.4.2.
Actions that the police should take to realize a society resistant to crimes targeting women

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications "Population Census"

## (3) Social Conditions surrounding the Elderly, and Public Safety Awareness

## 1 ) Social Conditions

While the elderly population is increasing, there is also an increasing trend in the number and percentage of the elderly living alone. In addition, with the increasing percentage of the elderly in the total population, there is a trend for financial savings to concentrate in elderly households.

Trend in elderly population (1950 – 2010)

Trend in the elderly living alone (1990 – 2010)

Savings distribution of heads of households by age group (2003, 2012)

| Under 30yrs | 30-39yrs | 40-49yrs | 50-59yrs | 60-69yrs | 70yrs or over
2003 | 0.6 (3.2) | 12.8 (18.8) | 25.0 (23.9) | 32.0 (22.9) | 22.5 (15.2) |
2012 | 7.1 (16.1) | 11.3 (18.1) | 18.3 (18.1) | 34.0 (25.1) | 31.6 (23.9) |

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications "Household Income and Expenditure Survey" Note 1: Compiled from households with two or more persons 2: Figures in parenthesis represent the percentage of households owned by heads of households by age-group

## 2 ) Public Safety Awareness

## i) Crimes that the elderly are anxious about falling victim to

The most answers given with regards to the main crimes that the elderly are anxious about falling victim to were “Crimes such as remittance fraud and malicious business, etc.”, “Crimes that occur mainly within the household such as child abuse, abuse of the elderly, spousal violence, etc.”, “Crimes related to illegal drugs” and “Crimes involving unlawful entry into homes for Crimes that the elderly are anxious about personally falling victim to.

Source: NPA Awareness Survey

theft".

## ii) Requests for the police

In relation to actions that the police should take to realize a society resistant to crimes targeting the elderly, the most responses were given for “Development of police officers who will respond empathetically to consultations by the elderly”.

This was followed by “Provision of information concerning the status of crimes such as remittance fraud and malicious business, etc. and crime prevention”, which also received many responses, reflecting the increase in remittance fraud and malicious business targeting the assets of the elderly. In addition, many elderly persons living alone gave “Visits by uniformed police to the households in which elderly persons reside” in their responses.
## (2) Countermeasures

With regard to bullying at school, serious incidents such as the suicide of a young boy due to bullying have occurred, representing alarming issues in terms of both juvenile protection and the prevention of delinquency. Through activities such as visitations to schools by school-supporters, the police are committed to the early identification of bullying and the promotion of appropriate responses through close cooperation with schools and other organizations. In addition, police are providing sensitive support for bullied youths, through the implementation of continuous counselling by juvenile guidance officers centering on juvenile support centers.

Case: Three male junior high school students (15yrs) had been assaulting a classmate prior to said classmate’s suicide. After accepting a complaint by the bereaved family in July 2012, these three were arrested and received police guidance under charges of assault, etc. (Shiga Prefecture)

## 3 Child Pornography

## (1) Status

In 2012, the number of cleared child pornography crime cases rose to 1,596, the highest ever recorded. About half the victims were confirmed to be lower aged children who possessed no means of resistance. In addition, due to increases in crimes that use file sharing software, 1,349 of these cleared cases (84.5%) were Internet related crimes, indicating that child pornography is still widespread on the Internet.

Trends in cleared child pornography cases (2008-2012)

## (2) Countermeasures

Child pornography is a record of the sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children, and is a serious infringement of children’s fights It is almost impossible to withdraw child pornography once it has been placed on the Internet. The pain of abused victims lasts long into the future. Consequently, in order to eradicate child pornography, the police are reinforcing enforcement against crimes that use file sharing software, undertaking enlightenment activities and promoting measures to prevent distribution and viewing in cooperation with related agencies and organizations.
### Chapter 1. Foreign Nationals Entering and Departing from Japan

## Section 1 ☐ Changes in the Number of Foreign Nationals Entering and Departing from Japan

## 1 Foreign Nationals Entering Japan

## (1) The Number of Foreign Nationals Entering Japan

The number of foreign nationals entering Japan was only about 18,000 in 1950 when the statistics relating to immigration control first began to be recorded. As a result of the enforcement of the “Peace Treaty with Japan” (Treaty No. 5 of 1952) on April 28, 1952, Japan recovered complete sovereignty and acquired the authority to decide whether or not to grant permission for entry based on the Immigration Control Order. Following which the number of foreign nationals entering Japan began to experience an almost consistent upward trend partly as a result of cheaper and more convenient flights achieved through improvements in international transportation such as through the use of larger jumbo jets, exceeding 1 million in 1978, 2 million in 1984, 3 million in 1990, 4 million in 1996, 5 million in 2000, and 9 million in 2007. In 2013, there was a substantial increase of 2,083,075 (22.7%) from 9,172,146 to 11,255,221 marking a record high.

Of the 11,255,221 foreign nationals entering Japan in 2013, the number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan was 9,554,415, which was an increase of 2,004,417 (26.5%) compared to 7,549,998 in 2012, while the number of foreign nationals re-entering Japan was 1,700,806, which was an increase of 78,658 (4.8%) compared to 1,622,148 in 2012.

The reasons for this increase are most likely the fact that travelling to Japan is cheaper than before owing to the weaker yen, and that the measures taken by the government towards realizing a tourism-oriented country such as the measure to deregulate visas for ASEAN countries has prompted an increase in tourists (Chart 7).
Chart 7 Changes in the number of foreign nationals entering Japan

$ ^{*} $ There are no separate categories for arrivals for 1955 and 1960.

## (2) The Number of Foreign Nationals Entering Japan by Nationality/Region

The statistics for the number of foreign nationals entering Japan in 2013 by nationality/region show that the largest number of foreign nationals came from the Republic of Korea (R.O. Korea). The number of R.O. Korean nationals who entered Japan was 2,723,084, accounting for 24.2% of the total number of foreign nationals coming to Japan. R.O. Korea was followed by Taiwan (2,245,543, accounting for 20.0%), China (1,604,621, accounting for 14.3%), the U.S. (827,654, accounting for 7.4%), and China (Hong Kong) (725,391, accounting for 6.4%) (*). Of these numbers, Japan's three neighboring countries/regions: R.O. Korea, Taiwan and China accounted for more than half of the total number of foreign nationals entering Japan at 58.4%. In addition, the top five countries/regions accounted for 72.2% of the total number (Chart 8).
Chart 8 Changes in the number of foreign nationals entering Japan by major nationality/region

Regarding the top five countries/regions, a comparison of the number of foreign nationals entering Japan in 2102 and 2013 shows that while R.O. Korea at 407,846 (17.6%), Taiwan at 742,360 (49.4%), the U.S. at 79,845 (10.7%) and China (Hong Kong) at 262,471 (56.7%) are increasing, China is decreasing at 21,644 (1.3%).
## (3) The Number of Foreign Nationals Entering Japan by Gender and Age

Slightly more foreign females came to Japan than males. The numbers of foreign males and females entering Japan in 2013 were 5,617,034 and 5,638,187, respectively. The percentages of males and females were 49.9% and 50.1%, respectively.

According to statistics by age, foreign nationals in their thirties represented the largest age group, accounting for 24.5% of the total number of foreign nationals who entered Japan in 2013. The ratio of males was higher in the thirties and over age groups, while the ratio of females was higher in the twenties and under age groups (Chart 9).

Chart 9 Number of foreign nationals entering Japan by gender and age (2013)

## (4) The Number of Foreign Nationals Entering Japan by Purpose of Entry (Status of Residence)

The number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan in 2013 was 9,554,415. Looking at this figure by purpose of entry (status of residence), the most common status of residence was “Temporary Visitor” standing at 9,247,673 and accounting for 96.8% of the total number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan, followed by “Student” at 70,007, accounting for 0.7%, “Technical Intern Training (i)-(b)” at 61,841, accounting for 0.6%, and “Entertainer” at 37,096, accounting for 0.4% (Table 2).
Table 2 Changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan by status of residence

(People)

Year Status of Residence	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	6,119,394	7,919,726	5,448,019	7,549,998	9,554,415
Diplomat	10,183	11,167	9,678	10,977	10,215
Official	22,229	27,000	19,563	26,991	26,131
Professor	2,639	2,639	2,420	2,595	2,662
Artist	226	256	221	281	315
Religious Activities	771	713	737	737	1,291
Journalist	170	136	59	51	46
Investor/Business Manager	857	896	838	820	632
Legal/Accounting Services	4	3	4	4	-
Medical Services	6	2	7	9	11
Researcher	592	528	423	438	437
Instructor	2,499	2,339	2,540	2,312	2,366
Engineer	3,363	2,852	4,178	5,216	5,387
Specialist in Humanities/International Services	4,167	4,113	4,658	4,993	5,354
Intra-company Transferee	5,245	5,826	5,348	6,126	6,245
Entertainer	31,170	28,612	26,112	34,969	37,096
Skilled Labor	5,384	3,588	4,178	4,910	2,030
Technical Intern Training (i)-(a)	2,282	5,178	5,876	5,585
Technical Intern Training (i)-(b)	23,720	60,847	62,039	61,841
Technical Intern Training (ii)-(a)	-	-	4	-
Technical Intern Training (ii)-(b)	-	227	49	17
Cultural Activities	3,557	3,159	2,729	3,104	2,947
Temporary Visitor	5,822,719	7,632,536	5,180,961	7,246,072	9,247,673
Student	66,149	63,478	49,936	57,579	70,007
Trainee	80,480	51,725	16,079	17,957	16,486
Dependent	20,540	19,486	18,165	20,653	19,028
Designated Activities	9,863	11,972	12,954	12,659	10,711
Spouse or Child of Japanese National	14,951	11,452	10,766	10,855	9,244
Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident	1,684	1,068	1,392	1,877	1,870
Long-Term Resident	9,946	8,178	7,811	9,845	8,788
Temporary Refuge	-	-	10

(*1) The statuses of residence “Technical Intern Training (i)-(a),” “Technical Intern Training (i)-(b),” “Technical Intern Training (ii)-(a)” and “Technical Intern Training (ii)-(b)” were newly established on July 1, 2010.

$ ^{*2} $ In 2009 and 2010, the figure for “Student” shows the total of “College Student” and “Pre-college Student,” because the item “Pre-college Student” was integrated into “Student” on July 1, 2012.

$ ^{*3} $ Temporary refugee was excluded, because a decision was made to include it in the number of cases of special landing permission from 2012 onwards.

The number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan may be considered a “flow” showing the flow of foreign nationals to Japan. In contrast, the number of foreign residents in Japan as mentioned below represents a “stock”, which shows the number of foreign nationals staying in Japan at a certain point in time.
### A. "Temporary Visitor"

Looking more closely at the number of foreign nationals who newly entered Japan with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” in 2013, the number of foreign nationals for sightseeing purposes was 7,160,633, accounting for 74.9% of the total number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan, followed by foreign nationals visiting for business-related purposes standing at 1,364,107, accounting for 14.3%. Since the trend of tourists who are temporary visitors is likely to be affected by miscellaneous factors occurring in Japan, such as the holding of special events, fluctuations in the exchange rate and the implementation of various measures to attract tourists, it is consequently assumed that changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan, of which temporary visitors make up the majority, reflect the social situation in Japan and domestic and overseas trends at that time.

Foreign nationals staying in Japan with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” cannot, in principle, change their status to another status of residence as they are not permitted to engage in employment activities, and moreover, were allowed to enter through relatively simple procedures (Articles 19 and 20 of the Immigration Control Act).

Moreover, according to the statistics by nationality/region for foreign nationals newly entering Japan for the purpose of sightseeing, the biggest number came from Taiwan at 2,018,584 accounting for 28.2% of the total number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan for the purpose of sightseeing. Taiwan was followed by R.O. Korea at 1,827,525, accounting for 25.5%, China (Hong Kong) at 682,116, accounting for 9.5% and China at 580,568, accounting for 8.1%, with the number of tourists from these four nationalities/regions exceeding 70% of the total. In all likelihood, proactive efforts to attract tourists from these countries/regions will also be made in the future (Chart 11).
Chart 10 Changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” by purpose of entry

Chart 11 Number of foreign nationals newly entering for the purpose of sightseeing by nationality/region (2013)
### B. Foreign Nationals Entering Japan for the Purpose of Employment in Professional or Technical Fields

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with a status of residence for employment in professional or technical fields (excluding the status of residence of “Diplomat”, “Official” and “Technical Intern Training” in Appended Tables I(1) and I(2) of the Immigration Control Act) in 2013 was 63,872, an increase of 411 (0.6%) from 2012 (Chart 12).

Chart 12 Changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering by status of residence for employment in professional or technical fields

$ ^{*} $ Excluding the status of residence of “Diplomat”, “Official” and “Technical Intern Training” from Table I(1) and I(2) in the Appended Table to the “Immigration Control Act”

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with a status of residence for employment in professional or technical fields in Japan accounted for 0.7% of the total number of newly entering foreign nationals in 2013.

The characteristic categories of foreign nationals entering Japan for the purpose of employment are as follows.
### c. “Entertainer” (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 5-1)

The number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan with the status of residence of “Entertainer” had seen a consistent increase since 2001, but started to decrease in 2005 until it started increasing again in 2012, and the number in 2013 was 37,096, an increase of 2,127 (6.1%) when compared to 2012, which accounted for the highest percentage out of the statuses of residence for the purpose of employment in professional or technical fields.

According to the statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of foreign nationals newly entering with the status of residence of “Entertainer” came from R.O. Korea (6,566, accounting for 17.7%), followed by the U.S. (6,341, accounting for 17.1%), the U.K. (3,534, accounting for 9.5%), and the Philippines (2,680, accounting for 7.2%), and these top four countries accounted for 51.5% of the total number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Entertainer” in 2013.

### C. “Student” (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 9-1)

The number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan with the status of residence of “Student” in 2013 was 70,007, an increase of 12,428 (21.6%) when compared to 2012, with students from Asia accounting for the majority (85.6%).

According to statistics by nationality/region, those from China accounted for 35.1% of the total, standing at 24,583, followed by Viet Nam (14,098, accounting for 20.1%), and R.O. Korea (5,524, accounting for 7.9%). Viet Nam had increased substantially with an increase of 9,726 (222.5%) when compared to 2012 (Chart 13).

Chart 13 Changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering with the status of residence of “Student” by major nationality/region

$ ^{*} $ Because the status of residence “Pre-college Student” was consolidated into “Student” on July 1, 2010, the figures in the “Student” section in 2009 and 2010 represent the sum of “College Student” and “Pre-college Student.”
### D. “Trainee” and “Technical Intern Training (i)” (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 7-1, 10-1)

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Trainee” had decreased by 1,471 (8.2%) from 2012 to 16,486 in 2013.

According to statistics by region, the number from Asia, mainly Japan's neighboring countries, which sent a large number of trainees stood at 10,547 in 2013 accounting for 64.0% of the total, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. Other than Asia, the number of trainees was 3,054, accounting for 18.5% from Africa and 870, accounting for 5.3% from South America.

According to statistics by nationality/region, those from China accounted for 9.0%, standing at 1,488, followed by Viet Nam (1,211, accounting for 7.3%), Indonesia (1,139, accounting for 6.9%), and Thailand (1,069, accounting for 6.5%).

Those engaged in the acquisition of skills through employment are issued the status of residence of “Technical Intern Training (i)” (activities designated in (i) in the right-hand column of the “Technical Intern Training” section in Appended Table I(2) of the Immigration Control Act).

In 2013, the number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Technical Intern Training (i)” was 67,426, a decrease of 489 (0.7%) from 2012.

According to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Technical Intern Training (i)” came from China at 44,377 in 2013, accounting for 65.8% of the total. China was followed by Viet Nam (10,130, accounting for 15.0%), the Philippines (4,827, accounting for 7.2%), and Indonesia (4,144, accounting for 6.1%). Those from China had decreased by 4,795 (9.8%) from 2012, while those from Viet Nam, the Philippines and Indonesia had increased by 2,681 (36.0%), 563 (13.2%) and 326 (8.5%), respectively.

Chart 14 Changes in the number of foreign nationals newly entering with the status of residence of “Trainee” and “Technical Intern Training (i)” by major nationality/region

(*) The number of new arrivals reflects those with the status of residence of "Trainee" until 2009, and those with the statuses of residence of "Trainee" and "Technical Intern Training (i)" in and after 2010.