Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## (2) Illegal Landing

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced owing to violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2013, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provisions of Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Immigration Control Act, or without obtaining authorized permission for landing from an immigration inspector was 199, accounting for 1.7%, a slight increase of 12 (6.4%) from 2012 (Table 29).

Table 29 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality/region

Nationality/region	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	186	134	164	187	199
Turkey	17	27	72	98	84
Russia	4	7	5	3	19
Sri Lanka	4	8	0	6	14
Ghana	2	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	5	1	2	10	9
R.O.Korea	10	11	12	4	8
China	50	25	20	14	7
United States of America	1	0	6	5	5
Cameroon	0	0	1	3	5
Philippines	14	9	4	6	3
Others	79	46	42	38	35

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) Overstay

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2013, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay was 8,713, accounting for 76.2%, a decrease by 2,726 (23.8%) from 2012, which was still overwhelmingly high.

According to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of foreign nationals overstaying their authorized period of stay was from China (3,194, accounting for 36.7% of the total), followed by the Philippines (1,363, accounting for 15.6%), R.O. Korea (960, accounting for 11.0%), Viet Nam (562, accounting for 6.5%) and Thailand (486, accounting for 5.6%) (Table 30).

Table 30 Changes in the number of cases of foreign nationals staying beyond the authorized period of stay by nationality/region

YearNationality/region	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	25,503	18,578	15,925	11,439	8,713
China	7,342	5,494	4,848	3,415	3,194
Philippines	4,960	3,797	3,280	2,295	1,363
R.O.Korea	3,104	2,582	2,082	1,476	960
Viet Nam	1,268	783	635	482	562
Thailand	1,347	1,130	860	615	486
Brazil	375	434	649	671	321
Indonesia	1,350	590	350	260	236
United States of America	99	157	224	200	171
Sri Lanka	1,026	515	375	235	144
Peru	812	529	446	284	144
Others	3,820	2,567	2,176	1,506	1,132

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) Activity Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan clearly engages solely in working activities, such as the ones for which he/she receives remuneration, other than those permitted for the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be enforced on grounds of engaging in activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted. The number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced in 2013 was 493, accounting for 4.3%, a decrease of 124 (20.1%) from 2012.

Accordingly to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number was from China (176, accounting for 35.7% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (138, accounting for 28.0%) and Viet Nam (52, accounting for 10.5%), and these top three countries accounted for 74.2% of the total (Table 31).

Table 31 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted under the status of residence previously granted by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	810	751	542	617	493
China	266	291	192	228	176
R.O.Korea	306	207	125	212	138
Viet Nam	15	36	12	34	52
Nepal	10	45	60	48	29
Philippines	85	57	71	20	27
Thailand	14	6	5	9	14
India	8	19	13	6	12
Taiwan	25	29	9	3	10
Bangladesh	18	23	11	11	8
Myanmar	14	4	3	6	7
Others	49	34	41	40	20

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## Article: Reaction to activists claiming sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands

In recent years, the activities of protesters from China, Taiwan and Hong Kong claiming sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands (activities to claim the Diaoyu Islands) have intensified, and there are incidents in which these protesters have entered the sea area of the Senkaku Islands in their vessels and intruded into the territorial waters of Japan.

The Immigration Bureau has handled the activists claiming sovereignty in close contact with the related government bodies, mainly the Cabinet Secretariat (officers in charge of security and crisis management). For example, the Immigration Bureau took immigration control officers on the patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard, which were conducting activities to surveille the sea area around the Senkaku Islands, to participate in those activities along with the Japan Coast Guard and the police.
## ③ Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Of the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for being in violation of the Immigration Control Act in 2013, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 7,038, accounting for 61.6%. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who are hiding out somewhere in Japan are working illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in the present severe employment climate, and have a serious negative impact on a fair labor market. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Some foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

The amended Immigration Control Act enforced on July 1, 2010 stipulates any act of a foreign national aiding another foreign national to engage in illegal work, such as through employment of the foreign national, to be one of the grounds for deportation (Article 24, item (iii)-4 of the Immigration Control Act). Thus, the Immigration Bureau promotes regulations on foreign nationals who encourage illegal work.

## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality/Region

Illegal workers came from 64 countries/regions, mainly from neighboring Asian countries, indicating that there is still a trend being seen toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers.

According to statistics by nationality/region, illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 2,909 accounting for 41.3%, followed by the Philippines (968, accounting for 13.8%), R.O. Korea (866, accounting for 12.3%), Viet Nam (461, accounting for 6.6%), and Thailand (442, accounting for 6.3%). These top five countries represented 80.2% of the total. As a trend in recent years, Chinese illegal workers accounted for a high percentage (Table 32).
Table 32 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality/region

(People)

Nationality/region	Year	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038
Male	16,522	10,943	7,954	5,346	4,356
Female	10,023	7,547	5,959	3,633	2,682
China	8,205	6,039	4,876	3,082	2,909
Male	5,343	3,887	2,968	1,981	1,943
Female	2,862	2,152	1,908	1,101	966
Philippines	4,845	3,573	2,632	1,589	968
Male	2,250	1,491	1,052	629	394
Female	2,595	2,082	1,580	960	574
R.O.Korea	3,241	2,590	1,918	1,356	866
Male	1,306	985	670	525	311
Female	1,935	1,605	1,248	831	555
Viet Nam	1,152	722	521	380	461
Male	741	483	323	271	312
Female	411	239	198	109	149
Thailand	1,512	1,171	843	567	442
Male	822	645	456	318	272
Female	690	526	387	249	170
Indonesia	1,557	675	397	267	233
Male	1,230	518	333	218	193
Female	327	157	64	49	40
Sri Lanka	1,042	554	365	246	136
Male	946	507	335	230	127
Female	96	47	30	16	9
Peru	932	487	324	198	107
Male	652	311	218	145	73
Female	280	176	106	53	34
Nepal	456	277	179	117	97
Male	340	215	122	85	78
Female	116	62	57	32	19
Brazil	198	165	183	182	96
Male	158	125	149	141	74
Female	40	40	34	41	22
Others	3,405	2,237	1,675	995	723
Male	2,734	1,776	1,328	803	579
Female	671	461	347	192	144

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

Illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken consisted of 4,356 male illegal workers (accounting for 61.9%) and 2,682 female illegal workers (accounting for 38.1%). The percentage of male illegal workers had slightly increased from 2012.

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were factory workers (1,301, accounting for 18.5% of the total), followed by construction workers (1,151, accounting for 16.4%), and attendants such as bar hostesses (837, accounting for 11.9%).

In addition, according to statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as construction workers followed by factory workers and agricultural workers, while the largest number of female worked in the hospitality industry, for example, as hostesses followed by factory workers and workers in the service industry (Table 33).

Table 33 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

(People)

Year	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Job Categories
Total	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038
Male	16,522	10,943	7,954	5,346	4,356
Female	10,023	7,547	5,959	3,633	2,682
Factory worker	8,220	4,168	2,809	1,623	1,301
Male	5,687	2,846	1,869	1,124	895
Female	2,533	1,322	940	499	406
Construction worker	3,938	2,383	1,772	1,154	1,151
Male	3,890	2,358	1,750	1,146	1,144
Female	48	25	22	8	7
Attendants such as bar hostess	3,323	2,679	2,011	1,365	837
Male	331	240	120	114	80
Female	2,992	2,439	1,891	1,251	757
Agricultural worker	1,227	887	783	592	695
Male	937	670	554	432	507
Female	290	217	229	160	188
Other labor worker	2,461	1,715	1,527	907	580
Male	1,899	1,347	1,173	700	440
Female	562	368	354	207	140
Waitress and bartender	1,487	1,265	1,109	611	465
Male	596	464	417	256	201
Female	891	801	692	355	264
Others	5,889	5,393	3,902	2,727	2,009
Male	3,182	3,018	2,071	1,574	1,089
Female	2,707	2,375	1,831	1,153	920

Detection of illegal workers
## (5) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

It has been identified that illegal workers are working in 44 prefectures throughout Japan. According to statistics by place of work by prefecture, the largest number is found in Tokyo (1,389, accounting for 19.7% of the total), followed by Aichi prefecture (954, accounting for 13.6%), Chiba prefecture (945, accounting for 13.4%), Ibaraki prefecture (752, accounting for 10.7%), and Kanagawa prefecture (680, accounting for 9.7%) (Table 34).

According to statistics by region, the number of illegal workers in Tokyo and the six prefectures (Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma, and Tochigi) in the Kanto district was 4,685 (accounting for 66.6%), making up most of the total, and the number of illegal workers in the nine prefectures in the Chubu district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) was also at a high level of 1,410, accounting for 20.0%. Illegal workers in the Kanto and Chubu districts, standing at 86.6% (6,095), accounted for a substantial percentage of the total number of illegal workers.

Table 34 Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by area

(People)

Year Prefecture	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	26,545	18,490	13,913	8,979	7,038
Tokyo	4,618	3,462	2,763	1,740	1,389
Aichi	3,924	2,188	1,637	1,188	954
Chiba	2,784	2,316	1,919	1,088	945
Ibaraki	2,448	1,805	1,286	891	752
Kanagawa	3,522	2,594	1,663	967	680
Saitama	2,215	1,528	1,112	616	539
Osaka	1,060	894	623	517	366
Gunma	1,375	717	447	249	243
Shizuoka	800	439	371	215	167
Tochigi	776	401	278	191	137
Others	3,023	2,146	1,814	1,317	866
## Article: At the front line of immigration control administration (voice of an immigration control officer in charge of the detection of offenders) (First Investigation Department, Nagoya Regional Immigration Bureau: Shinichi Somekawa)

I am an immigration control officer and the department where I’m working for is in charge of investigating and exposing those foreign nationals who are suspected of falling under the grounds for deportation. We carry out secret investigations in the field based on information received from the general public, and conduct such necessary factfinding as requesting public and private organizations to provide information to prove our suspicions and the connections in order to expose the illegal foreign nationals. By law we are able to conduct compulsory investigations, and therefore we sometimes conduct raids on obtaining permission for inspection, search and seizure from the courts.

There is always the possibility during the raids that a foreign national may attempt to escape, fight back or that we may be injured, and therefore we strive to monitor the surroundings prior to the raid and to prevent accidents by coordinating closely with our colleagues beforehand. Since every situation is fraught with tension and danger, as an immigration control officer, I carry out my work with a sense of responsibility and pride and set my mind to respond calmly following the correct procedures.

The recent situation of crackdowns by the Immigration Bureau on foreign nationals in violation

of the Immigration Control Act is that the number of cases of illegal residence such as through illegal entry or illegally staying beyond the authorized period of stay has been decreasing when compared to previous years. This is the result of various measures and crackdowns by the relevant government agencies being reinforced, but on the other hand, the cases of foreign residents disguising their status of residence such as through fake marriages and fake employment are becoming significantly more complex and sophisticated, and therefore, greater cooperation with the relevant government agencies is required in order to be able to crack down on such illegal residents. Every year, officers from the Aichi Prefectural Police, Shizuoka Prefectural Police and Mie Prefectural Police come to Nagoya Regional Immigration Bureau on personnel exchange programs, and we endeavor to build good relationships with these officers, reinforce cooperation and conduct effective raids together.

In the future, as a tourism-oriented country, since Japan is hoping to attract more foreign tourists, and moreover, the Olympic and Paralympic Games will be held in Tokyo in 2020, we are committed to cooperating with the relevant organizations to crack down on illegal residence and false residence, which serve as hotbeds of crime, and also on the organized crimes which aid such illegal residence, and we will endeavor to maintain Japan's security and ensure equitable and proper immigration control.
## 4 Outline of Decisions on Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Processing of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspected of coming under any of the grounds for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to undergo the procedures for decisions on violations after an investigation by an immigration control officer. These procedures consist of three steps: examination of the violation by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision of the Minister of Justice.

The number of cases which underwent an ex-

Decision on violation

amination of the violation in 2013 was 12,523, which has been declining continuously since 2006 (Table 35).

Table 35 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

Year	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Division
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	34,247 (1,234)	25,731 (1,375)	21,584 (771)	16,103 (748)	12,523 (793)
Completed	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	2	10	5	4	5
Issuance of written deportation order	16,312	11,386	7,628	5,640	4,729
Request for hearing	7,071	8,164	8,577	6,949	4,279
Issuance of written departure order	9,041	5,186	4,501	2,594	2,478
Not completed, others	1,821	985	873	916	1,032
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	7,607 (506)	8,777 (587)	9,286 (674)	7,755 (711)	4,942 (582)
Completed	Error in the findings	-	1	3	-	-
Issuance of written deportation order	104	112	120	101	96
Filing of an objection	6,876	7,949	8,389	6,952	4,226
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	627	715	774	702	620
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Receipt	7,456 (561)	8,756 (712)	9,017 (526)	7,485 (459)	4,776 (505)
Completed	Objection with reason	1	-	7	2	1
Objection without reason	6,630	8,107	8,440	6,887	4,428
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not completed, others	825	649	570	596	347

$ ^{*} $ The numbers indicated in ( ) are carry-over cases from the previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.
The number of requests for a hearing after examination of the violation in 2013 was 4,279 accounting for 34.2% of the total number of cases which underwent an examination of the violation, a decline of 2,670, accounting for 38.4% from 2012 (Chart 26).

Chart 26 Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing

The number of objections filed by foreign nationals who were not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing was 4,226 in 2013, a decline of 2,726, accounting for 39.2% from 2012 (Table 35).

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2013 was 6,425. According to statistics by grounds for the deportation, the cases of overstaying amounted to 3,907, accounting for 60.8% of the total, while the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 15.6%, both of which showed almost the same percentage as 2012 (Table 36).

Table 36 Changes in the number of issuances of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	18,436	13,277	9,348	7,329	6,425
Overstay	12,130	8,665	5,588	4,270	3,907
Illegal entry	4,473	2,956	2,014	1,430	1,001
Illegal landing	173	113	138	134	164
Activity other than those permitted	813	735	510	622	491
Criminal offenses	641	477	771	576	501
Others	206	331	327	297	361
According to statistics by nationality/region in 2013, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (2,470, accounting for 38.4% of the total), followed by the Philippines (858, accounting for 13.4%), and Korea (686, accounting for 10.7%) (Chart 27).

Chart 27 Changes in the number of issuances of written deportation orders by nationality/region

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2013, the number of foreign nationals detained under a written detention order who were accorded provisional release was 1,510, a decline of 618 (29.0%) from 2012. The number of foreign nationals detained under a written deportation order who were accorded provisional release was 1,271, an increase of 134 (11.8%) from 2012 (Table 37).

Table 37 Changes in the number of cases of permission for provisional release

Year	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Type of Order
By written detention order	2,265	2,095	2,131	2,128	1,510
By written deportation order	837	1,012	1,062	1,137	1,271
## (4) Special Permission to Stay in Japan

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan from the Minister of Justice in 2013 was 2,840, a decline of 2,496 (46.8%) from 2012.

Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan had established close relationships with Japanese nationals such as through marriage. Also in many cases they had settled down in Japan in many respects.

Of the foreign nationals with special permission to stay in Japan despite coming under the grounds for deportation, the grounds for the largest number in 2013 was overstaying (2,161, accounting for 76.1%), followed by illegal entry and illegal landing, jointly accounting for 9.5%. Overstaying, illegal entry and illegal landing accounted for 85.6% of the total (Table 38).

Table 38 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by grounds for deportation

Year Grounds for Deportation	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	4,643	6,359	6,879	5,336	2,840
Overstay	3,508	4,939	5,569	4,304	2,161
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	897	1,044	827	491	270
Criminal offenses, etc.	238	376	483	541	409

According to statistics by nationality/region in 2013, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay in Japan came from China (422, accounting for 14.9%), followed by Korea (400, accounting for 14.1%) (Table 39).

Table 39 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay in Japan by nationality/region

Nationality/region	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	4,643	6,359	6,879	5,336	2,840
China	857	1,098	1,146	809	422
Korea	663	815	898	693	400
Others	3,123	4,446	4,835	3,834	2,018

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 5 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of deported foreign nationals decreased by 669 (10.4%) from 2012 to 5,790 in 2013.

According to statistics by nationality/region, the largest number of deported foreign nationals was from China (2,284, accounting for 39.4% of the total), followed by the Philippines (796, accounting for 13.7%), R.O. Korea (665, accounting for 11.5%), Viet Nam (432, accounting for 7.5%), and Thailand (400, accounting for 6.9%) (Table 40).
Table 40 Changes in the number of deportees by nationality/region

(People)

YearNationality/region	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	18,241	13,224	8,721	6,459	5,790
China	5,475	4,266	2,997	2,389	2,284
Philippines	3,194	2,439	1,552	972	796
R.O.Korea	2,423	1,715	1,171	964	665
Viet Nam	709	569	370	340	432
Thailand	1,113	726	479	317	400
Indonesia	885	502	248	164	134
Iran	231	174	140	126	105
Brazil	307	226	204	143	102
Peru	674	384	222	137	101
Sri Lanka	684	419	196	141	93
Others	2,546	1,804	1,142	766	678

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Accordingly to statistics by means of deportation, 93.0% of foreign nationals who had been issued with deportation orders were deported at their own expense, while the number of foreign nationals who needed to be individually deported at national expense because of the deportees' financial problems or other reasons was 329, accounting for 5.7% in 2013.

Moreover, the percentage of foreign nationals deported at their own expense dropped below 95% for the first time in ten years since 2003 (Table 41).

Deportation

Table 41 Changes in the number of deportees by means of deportation

(People)

Year Measure of Deportation	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Total	18,241	13,224	8,721	6,459	5,790
Voluntary departure	17,569	12,812	8,379	6,170	5,382
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	200	106	86	78	54
Individual deportation at the expense of the government	438	291	231	191	208
Group deportation at the expense of the government	0	0	0	0	121
Others	0	0	0	0	0
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	34	15	25	20	25

$ ^{*1} $ “Group deportation at the expense of the government” refers to deportation through the use of private chartered aircraft paid for by the Japanese government.

$ ^{*2} $ "Others" are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each of the deportees.