Section 2: Developing Infrastructure for Criminal Arrests and Deterrence

## 1 Enhancing Investigation Capability

(1) Approach to Enhancing Investigation Methods and Interrogation

In order to achieve improvements that correspond to the times in terms of how techniques should be applied in order to properly and effectively obtain a statement that represents the truth through interrogation and how such techniques should be passed on, the police created the instructional book “Interrogation (Basic edition)” in December 2012, that incorporates knowledge of psychology, and established the “Research and Training Center for Interview and Introduction Technics” in May 2013, to promote the enhancement and appropriateness of interrogations. In addition, to break away from excessive dependence on interrogations and records of statements, and to respond accurately to crimes that are ever more advanced and complex due to developments in scientific techniques and other factors, and to enable accurate proof through objective evidence, police are striving for the enhancement of investigation methods through the expansion of the DNA profile database, expansion of wiretapping and the introduction of under-cover investigations.

## (2) Developing Initial Investigation Structure, Reinforcing Criminal Identification Activities

When an incident occurs, it is important to conduct prompt and accurate initial investigations, arrest the perpetrator(s) and secure evidence at the scene of the crime and statements from witnesses, etc. Consequently, police have enhanced their activities by establishing mobile investigation units stationed at prefectural police headquarters and by organizing mobile identification units.

Column: Arresting suspects through security camera driven investigations In recent years, with the popularization of security cameras, images from security cameras are used in a variety of situations in criminal investigations, such as to confirm the circumstances of a crime and the face(s) of the perpetrator(s), and the release of images to the public in the pursuit of criminals at large. More recently, the use of security camera images in the investigation of an attempted murder incident, which occurred in the Shibuya subway station of the Fukutoshin line, led to the arrest of a suspect.

## 2 Utilizing Scientific Techniques

In order to enhance investigative capabilities, Police are operating DNA profiling, fingerprint and palm print identification systems and other scientific techniques in their investigations.

## 3 Rapid Responses to Incidents/Accidents

Police officers stationed at facilities such as police boxes (Koban) and residential police boxes (Chuzaisho) head to the site of an accident or other incident as soon as they learn of its occurrence and perform duties such as the arrest of perpetrators. To enable officers to rush to the scene quickly, police have developed systems that receive emergency 110 calls and issues commands to police stations and other facilities, and are striving to enhance mobilization capabilities making the most of patrol cars and other vehicles.

Communications and Command Center

## 4 Koban/Chuzaisho Activities

Koban and Chuzaisho maintain an understanding of the area under their jurisdiction through activities such as patrols and rounds, and undertake activities appropriate to their local situations in response to local residents' views and requests, etc. As of April 1, 2013, there were 6,248 Koban and 6,614 Chuzaisho in Japan.