Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
2) Activities around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, police engaged in evacuation guidance for persons in the vicinity and activities such as spraying water onto reactor buildings, as well as subsequent monitoring of radiation levels, searches for the missing checkpoints, guard/patrol activities and support for provisional entry of residents into restricted zones.

To this day, in view of situational changes due to reviews of designated evacuation zones and requests and suggestions from residents and others, Fukushima Prefectural Police endeavor to ensure the safety/security of the region by mounting joint patrols with local authorities and volunteers, and other activities.

Police activities in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

## (2) Preparations for the Next Large-Scale Disaster

Since this earthquake, police have revised the “National Public Safety Commission/NPA Disaster Management Operation Plan” (hereinafter the “Disaster Management Operation Plan”), implemented structural reinforcements related to wide-area unit operation by newly established Police Disaster Dispatch Units, implemented various training programs, prepared and enhanced materials and equipment, reinforced coordination with related agencies, drafted practical guidelines for the implementation of traffic restrictions of large-scale disasters and established operational continuity structures, in their tireless reviews of disaster countermeasures in order to protect as many citizens as possible in times of disaster and minimize damage.

1) Reinforcing Natural/Accidental Disaster Countermeasures

Since this disaster, the National Public Safety Commission and the NPA have twice reviewed the Disaster Management Operation Plan, with the systemization of tsunami disaster countermeasures in the revision of March 2012, and the defining of measures to reinforce immediate response capabilities for wide-area large-scale disasters that are anticipated, in the revision of January 2013.

In view of revisions and other provisions in the Disaster Management Operation Plan, prefectural police are reviewing disaster countermeasures that are appropriate to the status of disaster sites and promoting natural and accidental disaster countermeasures through the implementation of various training programs and active participation in approaches taken by local authorities. In addition, regarding police measures for large-scale disasters such as the anticipated Giant Nankai Trough Earthquakes and the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Epicentral Earthquake, police continue to proceed with specific reviews in light of revised government plans and damage estimates, etc.

Search and rescue training using police aircraft
2) Reinforcing Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures

In view of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, police have reinforced nuclear disaster countermeasures through organizational reform and increases in personnel, prepared and enhanced materials/equipment, and implemented practical training programs. In addition, measures to reinforce nuclear disaster response capabilities were defined in the above revision of the Disaster Management Operation Plan in January 2013. In view of this, prefectural police are working to reinforce nuclear disaster countermeasures, beginning with the revision of local disaster prevention plans, in coordination with related local authorities, nuclear power businesses and other parties.

Resident evacuation guidance training for a nuclear disaster scenario

Overview of revisions to the Disaster Prevention Business Operation Plan (for nuclear disaster countermeasures)
4) Support for the National Police of Timor-Leste (PNTL)

Following a request from the government of Timor-Leste, the NPA sent experts between November and December 2011 to provide advice and guidance concerning the promotion of community policing. Japan and Indonesia have provided training for senior officers of the PNTL since 2010.

5) Support for the Training of Afghan Police Officers in Turkey

To improve public safety in Afghanistan, the Turkish police conduct police training programs necessary to enhance the abilities of Afghan police. In response to a request from the government of Turkey, Japan has sent police officers to Turkey to provide instruction in judo for Afghan police officers since 2011 and to instill the required discipline and professional ethics required of police officers. In addition, the Japanese police have invited senior officers of the Turkish police to Japan every year since 2010 strengthening cooperative ties.

Community policing guidance in East Timor

Judo instruction for Afghan police officers participating in training programs in Turkey

6) Acceptance of Trainees

With the aim of promoting the transfer of knowledge and technical skills and information exchange with various nations, the police have a structure to receive trainees and carry out programs such as site visits to prefectural police and seminars at the Research and Training Center for International Criminal Investigation and Police Cooperation at the National Police Academy. In 2012, 15 courses were held with 134 trainees. Other than trainees, police welcome visitors from foreign law enforcement agencies and other organizations and introduce them to the policing approaches of Japan, with visits to facilities such as Koban and Communications and Command Centers. In 2012, the Japanese police welcomed 786 visitors, mainly from Asian nations.

A visit to a Koban

(2) International Disaster Relief Activities

When Japan receives a request from a stricken nation’s government or international organization following a large-scale disaster overseas, the Japan Disaster Relief Team is dispatched, and as a member of this team, the police also take on international disaster relief activities.

Since the enactment of the “Law Concerning Dispatch of the Japan Disaster Relief Team” in 1987, police have sent 242 officers to 13 countries/regions to conduct search and rescue and other duties for the victims.

When the earthquake struck near Christchurch on the South Island of New Zealand in February 2011, 38 police personnel were dispatched as members of the Japan Disaster Relief team for search and rescue and other tasks and 5 other police personnel were dispatched as members of an expert team to undertake disaster victim identification (DVI) tasks.

Japan Disaster Relief Team conducting search activities in New Zealand
## 1 : Crime and Countermeasures

During 2012, the number of confirmed criminal cases decreased to less than half the record post-war number of 2.85 million in 2002, indicating a steady improvement in the crime situation. However, there has been an increasing trend in the number of child abuse, stalking and spousal violence cases in recent years, and total losses from specialized fraud has risen to substantial amounts. In addition, with a spate of cybercrime incidents and successive cases of cyber-attacks, threats in cyberspace are escalating and posing new issues for public safety.

## 1 Confirmed and Cleared Criminal Cases

In 2012, the number of confirmed criminal cases was 1,382,121, a decrease of 98,639 cases (6.7%) from the previous year, the first time in 32 years, since 1980, that the total has dropped below 1.4 million.

## 2 Specialized Fraud such as Remittance Fraud

The number of confirmed specialized fraud cases in 2012 was 8,693, and total amount in losses was about ¥36.44 billion, with both figures showing an increase over the previous year. Of the different types of fraud, there has been a significant increase in specialized fraud under the guise of securities transactions over the previous year, and this is a key factor in the substantial losses that have been recorded. Also, with regards to remittance fraud, the spate of the “Hey, it’s me” type remittance call fraud cases in which cash is handed over directly with high amounts in losses per case, has also pushed up total losses due to fraud.

Trends in confirmed and cleared criminal cases (1946 – 2012)

Trends in confirmed specialized fraud cases and total losses (2004 – 2012)

Note: Figures for specialized fraud other than remittance fraud are compiled from February 2010 onwards

Trends in cleared specialized fraud cases (2004 – 2012)

Note: Figures for specialized fraud other than remittance fraud are compiled from January 2011 onwards
Section 1: Measures against Organized Crime Groups (Boryokudan)

1 Boryokudan

In recent years, in addition to traditional funding activities, intercession in civil disputes and violence targeting government administrations, Boryokudan have crept into a variety of business activities involving the construction, finance and industrial waste disposal industries, and have also engaged in securities trading while concealing their organizations. By hiding behind this business activity and exploiting collaborators, Boryokudan are increasing their funding activities within the general public.

Measures

1 Drug Situation

The number of arrests for drug offenses during 2012 was 13,466, a slight decrease from the previous year, and the number of arrests for stimulant offenses was also slightly lower. However, with the amount of seized stimulants showing an increase over the previous year, the drug situation remains severe.

In addition, recent years have seen the incidence of major traffic accidents caused by users of so-called law-circumventing drugs driving while under their influence. As well as arresting users under charges such as

Trends in Boryokudan (full/associate) membership (2003 – 2012)

Note: Percentage of the Big 3 = Total membership of Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai and Inagawa-kai ÷ Total membership x 100

2 Enforcement against Boryokudan Crime

The total number of Boryokudan members, etc. arrested during 2012 was 24,139, a decrease from the previous year. Of the total number of arrests, arrests related to violations of the Stimulants Control Act, extortion, gambling and bookmaking, etc. remained at around 30%, and these can be considered effective Boryokudan funding sources. Meanwhile, as there is an increasing trend in the percentage of arrests for fraud, which does not necessarily require the weight of Boryokudan, there are indications that the status of Boryokudan funding activities is changing.

Section 2: Anti-Drug and Anti-Firearm "Dangerous Driving causing Death or Injury", police are striving to take other measures such as issuing guidance and warnings to the retailers of so-called law-circumventing drugs and arresting malicious retailers under violations of the "Pharmaceutical Affairs Act".

Number of Arrests for Drug
## 2 Firearms Situation

Regarding the firearms situation during 2012, there was a succession of incidents involving the discharge of firearms by Boryokudan members, etc. targeting members of the general public and private businesses. There were also 153 incidents involving firearms use. Police are promoting firearms measures, undertaking enforcement with an emphasis on seizing the arsenals of organized crime groups and exposing smuggling and trafficking cases, etc.

## Section 3: Measures against Crimes by Visiting Foreigners

The total number of cleared cases of crime committed by visiting foreigners during 2012 was 15,368, and the number of arrests was 9,149. Both figures show a decrease from the previous year.

and provision of suspicious transaction reports in accordance with the “Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds”, and arrests in relation to money laundering offenses as stipulated in the “Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and Control of Crime Proceeds, etc.”. In April 2013, the amended “Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds”, which includes details concerning added items for verification at the time of transaction and call transfer service providers to Specified Business Operators, was fully enforced.

Trends in Cleared Cases of Crime by Visiting Foreigners (1983-2012)

## Section 4: Measures against Criminal Proceeds

In order to weaken criminal organizations such as Boryokudan and force them to be annihilated, it is important to prevent the transfer of criminal proceeds and to ensure that these groups are stripped of their criminal proceeds.

Police are pressing ahead with measures against criminal proceeds through the receipt

Trends in Notification of Suspicious Transactions (2008 – 2012)

Year Classification	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Annual reports received (Cases)	235,260	272,325	294,305	337,341	364,366
Annual reports provided (Cases)	146,330	189,749	208,650	234,836	281,475

Note 1: "Annual reports received" refers to notifications of suspicious transactions, from the administrative agencies with jurisdiction over Specified Business Operators, accepted by the NPSC and the NPA.

2: "Annual reports provided" refers to information regarding suspicious transactions provided by the NPSC and the NPA to investigative agencies, etc.
Trends in Cleared Money Laundering Cases (2008 – 2012)

Year Classification	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Organized Crime Punishment Act (Cases)	173(63)	226(90)	205(90)	243(81)	238(55)
Management control of corporations, etc. (Article 9)	1(1)	0	1(0)	1(0)	0(0)
Concealment of criminal proceeds (Article 10)	134(41)	172(49)	139(46)	150(43)	158(27)
Receipt of criminal proceeds (Article 11)	38(21)	54(41)	65(44)	92(38)	80(28)
Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics (Cases)	12(5)	10(4)	9(5)	8(3)	11(4)
Concealment of drug crime proceeds (Article 6)	10(4)	5(1)	8(4)	8(3)	8(2)
Receipt of drug crime proceeds (Article 7)	2(1)	5(3)	1(1)	0(0)	3(2)

Note: Numbers in parenthesis indicate offenses by Boryokudan members, etc.
## Section 1: Traffic Accidents in 2012

The number of fatalities from traffic accidents in 2012 fell below 4,500 for the first time in 61 years, since 1951, to 4,411. In addition, the number of accidents and injuries also fell for the eighth consecutive year.

Trends in Numbers of Traffic Accidents, Fatalities, Injuries, Licensed Drivers, Owned Vehicles, Kilometers Driven (1966 - 2012)

## Section 2: Boosting Traffic Safety Awareness 1 Police Initiative to Eradicate Drunken driving

The number of traffic accidents due to drunken driving in 2012 fell for the twelfth consecutive year to 4,603. Police are promoting safety education through participation, hands-on experience and practice using driving simulators and other equipment, and informing the public about the dangers of drunken driving and the facts about accidents caused by drunken driving.

## 2 Initiatives aimed at Traffic Safety for the Elderly

The percentage of elderly persons accounting for traffic accident fatalities is increasing annually, with the percentage of fatalities of elderly persons in traffic accidents in 2012 reaching 51.3% (2,264), a percentage more than twice that of elderly persons in the total population (24.1%). In addition, of the elderly fatalities in traffic accidents, about 70% occurred while walking or riding a bicycle and about 80% of these are persons with no driver's licenses.

In order to provide opportunities for traffic safety education to elderly persons with no driver’s licenses, police implement measures such as individual guidance through home visits and enlightenment activities and traffic safety education in facilities such as hospitals and care centers with related agencies and other organizations.

Number of elderly fatalities by circumstances when accident occurred (2012)

Traffic safety guidance through home visits to the elderly
## Section 3: Public Safety Related Measures

## 1 Trends of Aum Shinrikyo and Countermeasures

Police arrested Makoto Hirata in January 2012, and Naoko Kikuchi and Katsuya Takahashi in June of the same year, concluding the arrests of all Aum Shinrikyo related suspects on the NPA’s most wanted list. To prevent the recurrence of Aum’s indiscriminate mass murder, the police are working with related agencies to reveal and investigate its illegal activities. In addition, police are promoting public relations campaigns in order to prevent the memories of the series of heinous incidents perpetrated by the Aum Shinrikyo, such as the Srin Gas Attack on the Tokyo Subway, from fading, and to maintain an accurate understanding of its current situation.

## 2 Trends of Extreme Leftist Groups and Countermeasures

During 2012, extreme leftist groups concealed their violent and political leanings and engaged in popular movements and labor movements such as anti-nuclear power demonstrations, etc. The police are pressing ahead with criminal investigations related to extreme leftist groups, sweeping searches to uncover apartments and other places used as underground strongholds, and public relations campaigns using posters and other materials, as well as cooperative measures with related agencies to prevent them from maintaining and expanding their organizations.

## 3 Trends of Rightist Groups and Countermeasures

During 2012, rightist groups seized on issues such as the landing on Uotsuri Island by Hong Kong activists and the enforcement of Boryokudan exclusion ordinances, to relentlessly criticize the government. In addition, so-called “right leaning citizens groups” have held gatherings and demonstrations, etc. throughout the country, and there was some trouble with opposing groups. The police are striving to prevent serious incidents such as terrorist acts by rightist groups and are engaged in a thorough crackdown on illegal activities.

Rightist protest procession (January, Toyama)

## Section 4: Dealing with Disasters and Security Measures

## 1 Dealing with Natural Disasters

During 2012, earthquakes, tsunamis, heavy rains, typhoons, gales and storm surges resulted in 50 fatalities/missing persons and 937 injuries. In response, police mobilized units such as the Riot Police Units and the Inter-prefectural Emergency Rescue Units (IERU) and engaged in activities such as search and rescue and searches

Inter-prefectural Emergency Rescue Unit searching for missing persons (Ichinomiyamachi, Aso-shi, Kumamoto prefecture)

for missing persons, etc.

## 2 Patrols and Security

With due consideration to the affinity between the imperial family and the nation’s citizens, the police implement escort and security measures to ensure the safety of their persons, and to prevent crowding accidents among well-wishers lining the streets.

In addition, under the current severe security conditions, with concerns of terrorist attack and other illegal incidents, the police are pressing ahead with appropriate escort and security initiatives to ensure the safety of important officials.
## Chapter 6: Police Activity Support Section 1: Foundation of Police Activities 1 Structure

(1) Initiatives to Enhance Police Strengths

The total number of police personnel in FY2013 was 293,588, of which 7,721 were NPA personnel and 285,867 were prefectural police personnel (as of May, 16, 2013).

With the succession of incidents involving attacks on businesses and rival conflicts in northern Kyushu, the Boryokudan situation is extremely severe, and the crime situation, with the emergence of new threats to public safety such as the escalation of cybercrime related threats, is also severe, and police must continue in their endeavor to enhance all their strengths from all angles. Consequently, in FY2013, regional police increased the size of their forces by 545 personnel in order to reinforce structures to ensure cyberspace safety, enhance autopsy structures and reinforce the structures needed to enhance Boryokudan countermeasures.

## (2) Expanding the Recruitment and Promotion of Female Police Officers

All prefectural police are actively engaged in recruitment activities targeting women, such as sending female police officers to career fairs, and are also working to create comfortable working environments for female police officers.

Police are committed to the early achievement of the target to raise the overall percentage of female police officers nationwide up to 10% by April 2023, as well as actively implementing promotions for individuals according to their capabilities and competencies, and promoting the creation of comfortable working environments for female police officers.

## 2 Budget

The police budget consists of NPA Budget and Prefectural Police Budgets. The national government covers expenses to operate the NPA, directly appropriated expenses for PPH activities of national significance, and subsidies to supplement PPH budgets.

NPA Budget (after final amendment for FY2012)

Prefectural Police Budget (after final amendment for FY2012)

## 3 Management and Operation of Detention Facilities

As of April 1, 2013, there were 1,180 detention facilities nationwide. In accordance with the “Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees”, police have fully separated investigations and detention while promoting treatment that pays due regard to the human rights of detainees and pressing ahead with facility improvements, to ensure appropriate operations in detention management. In addition, in order to ensure the uniform treatment of detainees nationwide, the NPA implements planned patrols of all prefectural detention facilities every year.
Section 2: Police Responding to the Trust of the People

## 1 Appropriate Police Activities

## (1) Inspections

To increase internal self-purification capabilities, police have ensured that all chief inspection officers administering inspections of the prefectural police are local police administration officers appointed by the National Public Safety Commission. Police are also implementing strict inspections in accordance with inspection rules specified by the National Public Safety Commission in order to contribute to efficient operation and to maintain discipline in the NPA, regional police bureaus and prefectural police.

## (2) Thorough Information Management

As the police handle high volumes of personal information related to criminal investigations and driving licenses, etc. as well as large amounts of confidential information, the NPA has implemented countermeasures against the leakage of information by formulating police information security policies (systematic standards related to police information security).

## 2 Police Activity Transparency

When undertaking activities to prevent local crimes and traffic accidents, it is necessary to understand the views of the residents and their demands, etc. In addition, for these activities to be successful, it is essential to obtain the understanding and cooperation of local residents. Consequently, all police stations nationwide have, in principle, set up Police Station Councils. These councils allow the chiefs of police stations to hear the views of local residents regarding police station affairs, and also provide an opportunity to seek their understanding and cooperation.

Members of Police Station Council inspecting a widened roadside pedestrian belt

## 3 Support for Victims of Crime

The victims of crime and their bereaved families or families not only suffer direct, physical, emotional or financial harm as a result of the crime, but also incur a varying range of secondary harm. Consequently, police are working to enhance a variety of aspects of their support for victims of crime.

Section 3 Initiatives by the Ministerial Conference on measures against Crime and Cooperation with overseas Security Agencies and Other Organizations

## 1 Initiatives by the Ministerial Conference

on Measures against Crime

In view of the state of public safety in recent years, the $ 20^{th} $ Ministerial Conference on Measures against Crime, held in May 2013, agreed upon the “Concerning Basic Policies for Drafting Actions Plans in order to Realize a Crime-Resistant Society” guidelines, and determined to draft new “Action Plans” by December of the same year.

## 2 Cooperation with Overseas Security

## Agencies and Other Organizations with

regards to International Crime

2013 welcomed the $ 40^{th} $ anniversary of the commencement of the relationship between Japan and ASEAN, and senior officers of the NPA attended the $ 33^{rd} $ ASEANAPOL Conference (conference of ASEAN Police Chiefs) to exchange views and strengthen cooperative ties.

The $ 33^{rd} $ ASEANAPOL Conference