Figure 3: Relationship between the production level and labour input, in comparison with the past recession periods The contribution of the decreased total actual working hours to the labour input is smaller, compared to the past recession periods.

Source: Prepared by the Office of Counselor for Labour Policy, MHLW, based on the "Labour Force Survey" Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Industrial Production Index" Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and "Monthly Labour Survey" Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

(Note) 1) The number of the employed were adjusted so that the figures under the 10th revision of industrial classification can be connected to the figures under the 12th revision of industrial classification, and then seasonally adjusted by the Office of Counselor for Labour Policy.

2) The peak and bottom of business cycle are compared. However, the reference dates of business cycle are fixed up until the 14th cycle, and the "latest recession stage" here compares the figure in January 2012 and the figure in December 2012.

3) The labour input is the product of the number of the employed and the total actual working hours.

## Figure 4: On the assumption that the labour force participation rate, the employment rate and the ratio of employees (excluding executives) to population were the same as that in 2011, the differences between the assumed figures and the actual figures in 2012

In 2012, the labour force participation rate and employment rate increased for the persons aged 65 to 69, and the labour force, number of the employed, and number of employees excluding executives increased in that age group.

(Population, labour force and number of the employed by age group) □ Actual figures in 2011

Age 15 ~ 19	Age 20 ~ 24	Age 25 ~ 29	Age 30 ~ 34	Age 35 ~ 39	Age 40 ~ 44	Age 45 ~ 49	Age 50 ~ 54	Age 55 ~ 59	Age 60 ~ 64	Age 65 and over	Total of all ages
Population aged 15 and over	609	641	725	815	974	916	801	763	838	1,055	2,969	11,108
Labour force	88	439	620	669	799	769	690	642	654	637	583	6,591
Number of the employed	79	403	580	636	764	738	665	621	629	604	571	6,289
Number of employees excluding executives	469	1,148	1,333	1,079	890	242	5,163

☐ Actual figures in 2012

(Labour force participation rate and employment rate of age group 65 to 69)

Age 15 ~ 19	Age 20 ~ 24	Age 25 ~ 29	Age 30 ~ 34	Age 35 ~ 39	Age 40 ~ 44	Age 45 ~ 49	Age 50 ~ 54	Age 55 ~ 59	Age 60 ~ 64	Age 65 and over	Total of all ages
Population aged 15 and over	606	629	709	788	947	944	813	766	802	1,035	3,055	11,095
Labour force	89	428	608	650	779	794	699	645	628	626	609	6,555
Number of the employed	81	394	569	620	747	763	676	623	605	597	595	6,270
Number of employees excluding executives	461	1,122	1,337	1,094	879	259	5,154

☐ With the assumption that the labour force participation rate, employment rate and ratio of employees excluding executives to population were the same as those in 2011, the figures in 2012 (the population is assumed to be the same)

Age 15 ~ 19	Age 20 ~ 24	Age 25 ~ 29	Age 30 ~ 34	Age 35 ~ 39	Age 40 ~ 44	Age 45 ~ 49	Age 50 ~ 54	Age 55 ~ 59	Age 60 ~ 64	Age 65 and over	Total of all ages
Population aged 15 and over	606	629	709	788	947	944	813	766	802	1,035	3,055	11,094
Labour force	88	431	606	647	777	793	700	645	626	625	600	6,536
Number of the employed	79	395	567	615	743	761	675	623	602	593	588	6,240
Number of employees excluding executives	464	1,115	1,334	1,088	868	249	5,113

Source: Prepared by the Office of Counselor for Labour Policy, MHLW, based on the “Labour Force Survey” Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

(Note) 1) Under the Labour Force Survey, the benchmark population which is the basis for calculation is switched to the Population Census 2010 (new criteria) from the Population Census 2005 (old criteria); the figures of the population, labour force and number of the employed by age class in 2011 are in accordance with those calculated by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications by using the new criteria. For the years from 2005 to 2011, the labour force participation ratio and employment ratio of the age group 65 to 69 are in accordance with those retroactively calculated by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications by using the new criteria.

2) The population aged 15 or over is calculated as the sum of labour force and not in labour force.

## Figure 5: Trends of job openings and job applicants in the coastal areas of the 3 prefectures affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake

We can see that, in the coastal areas of the affected 3 prefectures, the job offerings are not fulfilled and human resources are in shortage in the occupations of food manufacturing, and construction and mining.