human resources and workforce.

Under these circumstances, companies whose employee's motivation is considered high implement employment management in a broad manner regardless of employment forms. These companies can successfully increase the occupational capability of various types of workers including non-regular workers and motivate them to work by proactively getting involved in human resource development toward workers' career development in collaboration with the comprehensive human resources management including smooth labour-management communication and deployment, promotion and personnel treatment of workers. Such human resources management puts a positive impact on business performances: the increase in the stability of workforce, the increase in labour productivity through the accumulation of company-specific human capital (as a result of stable workforce) and the increase of a recurring profit margin.

In this way, appropriate human resources management not only increases business competitiveness through the accumulation of human capital for individual workers but leads to the accumulation of human capital in Japan at a macro level, which contributes to economic growth. In addition, it is expected that, if human resources play an active role, it will lead to economic growth, and more good employment opportunities will be generated.

(Creation of an environment in which people can continue to work as they wish is the key to stable employment through occupational life. This can be realized by accumulating human capital through building up an occupational career and increasing the employability of people)

Opportunities in which individual workers need to decide the direction of their occupational career are expanding. These include longer occupational life, shorter business life due to rapid environmental changes, and increase in the possibility of job turnovers in conjunction with changes in technology and work responsibilities. As the industrial structure rapidly changes, it is necessary to secure human capital needed in growing industries and revitalize the external labour market in which the abilities of human resources are maximized by using the right person in the right place. Based on this situation, in the future, it will become more important to create an environment in which individual workers can voluntarily design their own career rather than developing an occupational career that excessively depends on the company and work in a way they wish.

Labour turnovers with a certain level of personal treatment and satisfaction are predicated on a stable macro-economic situation with an increase in nominal wage per person. Besides, it is also important to strengthen labour market infrastructure (matching function, ability evaluation system and human resources development system) in a strategic manner. Support from sending companies and the improvement in public support such as vocational training are necessary for workers who are forced to leave their company against their will. It is also necessary to provide workers with an environment in which they can use their occupational abilities that they have acquired before changing job and their occupational abilities are fully evaluated by standardizing occupational abilities of workers and making them transparent. Development of a system for career consulting such as the steady promotion of training for career consultants is also required.

In order to cope with life events such as bearing and raising of children, nursing care, etc., it is desirable to further improve the environment in which workers can choose the way the work in a flexible manner and they can smoothly continue, stop and restart working again.

In addition, society needs to be a place where workers have a chance to try again such as the provision of education and training opportunities even if they fail in the labour market. In particular, it is essential to create an environment in which those who wanted to be employed regularly but could not because the new graduate market weakened can make a shift to regular employment, as non-regular employment can be disadvantageous in their occupational career. It is important to stabilize the new graduate's market through steady growth of a macro-economy. In addition, helping young people including new graduates to obtain regular employment through public employment support such as Hello Works even in a temporal economic stagnation is important to stabilize occupational careers throughout the life of workers. Support for workers' voluntary efforts toward the development of occupational skills and providing appropriate opportunities to develop potential abilities can stabilize employment throughout their life. On top of this support, interactive efforts by both labour supply and labour demand, such as expanding the employment opportunities including the promotion of "diversified regular worker" model, are expected to bring a synergistic effect.