those whose annual income is high answered the reason is because "they would like to use their knowledge and skills." This is considered to indicate that some of those with a high annual income change job for a positive reason. The occupations in which the largest number of people with job transfer experiences and a high income are engaged are information technology engineers, management, finance and insurance professionals, and sales workers in banking and insurance businesses.

## (Satisfaction level of job change is relatively low for those who have experienced an involuntary job separation from work)

Figure 57 shows the satisfaction level to job change and the desire for continuous work in the new job by reason of job change. The satisfaction level of those who have experienced an involuntary job separation from the previous job is lower than that of those who voluntarily separated from their previous job. In accordance with this, the ratio of those who wish to continue to work in the new workplace is low. The satisfaction level of people who voluntarily separated from their previous job with a positive reason is high. However, of those, the ratio of people who have a desire to change job again is high.

Figure 58 shows the status of wage variation due to job change by reason of separation. According to the figure, 30% of those who separated from their previous job for a voluntary reason has increased wage from the job change and one third of those has decreased wage. On the contrary, less than 20% of those who separated from their previous job involuntarily have increased their wage and nearly half the number has decreased their wage from the job change.

As stated above, if people separated from their previous job involuntarily, many are not always able to find a new job with better working conditions due to inadequate preparation period for the new employment. It is considered that their satisfaction level to job change is lower than that of people who voluntarily separated from their previous job.

## Figure 53: Wage simulation by employment form

○ Wage of regular employees increases in proportion to years of employment, and the annual income standard of "diversified regular workers" may exceed 5 million yen.

☐ If companies or individuals are proactive about human resources development, the annual income of regular workers may increase.

On the other hand, the effect of employment length on wage increase is low for workers of employment form other than regular employment.

Source: Compiled independently by the Office of Counselor for Labour Policy, MHLW, from questionnaire data of the "Survey on Diversified Types of Employment" (2010, employee survey) Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training

(Note) 1) "Diversified regular workers" refer to "regular staff and employees" surveyed, who apply to the following labour conditions: "do not become a manager in principle," "job type is specified," "place and area of work is specified," and "do not work overtime."

2) The simulation shows the standard of wage (annual income) reached if a male worker aged 25 continues to work in the same employment form.

3) As for the "effect of human resources development," answers of "yes" to the questions "do you think your company is proactive in human resources development?" "are you proactively committed to the development of your occupational skills?" are made dummy variables and used as the predictor variables of the estimate formula.