Table 2: Determinants to receive at-home care services (probit model)

Variables	FY2002
coefficient	S.E.	marginal	coefficient	FY2003	marginal
S.E.
1. Portion of care receivers, care costs, duration from approval
Duration from approval (months)	0.086	(0.011)	0.032	a	0.015	(0.004)	0.004	a
2. Characteristics of Care Receiver
Sex (female=1)	0.036	(0.211)	0.013	a	0.092	(0.153)	0.028
Age	0.028	(0.014)	0.010	0.0001	(0.011)	0.00004
Care level 1	1.326	(0.234)	0.399	0.652	(0.199)	0.171	a
Care level 2	1.438	(0.223)	0.417	0.905	(0.229)	0.216	a
Care level 3	1.197	(0.315)	0.343	1.084	(0.239)	0.229	a
Care level 4	0.842	(0.341)	0.259	1.003	(0.261)	0.210	a
Care level 5	1.243	(0.400)	0.330	1.136	(0.274)	0.227	a
Support required = > Care level 1	1.108	(0.896)	0.294	a	0.419	(0.396)	0.105
Support required = > Care level 2	1.846	(0.624)	0.367	0.746	(0.671)	0.160
Care level 1 = > Care level 2	0.358	(0.444)	0.125	a	0.485	(0.359)	0.119
Disease caused care needs: brain vein disease	-0.040	(0.216)	-0.015	a	0.126	(0.170)	0.036
Disease caused care needs: heart disease	-0.354	(0.292)	-0.138	a	-0.150	(0.248)	-0.047
Disease caused care needs: cancer	-0.663	(0.423)	-0.260	-0.495	(0.434)	-0.171
Disease caused care needs: respiratory organs	-0.870	(0.383)	-0.336	-0.200	(0.362)	-0.064
Disease caused care needs: joint disease	0.014	(0.290)	0.005	a	-0.219	(0.278)	-0.070
Disease caused care needs: dementia	0.244	(0.220)	0.089	a	0.169	(0.165)	0.049
Disease caused care needs: diabetes	-0.184	(0.285)	-0.071	a	-0.047	(0.250)	-0.014
Disease caused care needs: vision or auditory organs	-0.088	(0.327)	-0.033	a	-0.253	(0.238)	-0.081
Disease caused care needs: bone fracture	-0.256	(0.212)	-0.098	a	0.138	(0.187)	0.040
Disease caused care needs: spiral cord damage	0.112	(0.527)	0.041	a	-0.410	(0.408)	-0.139
Disease caused care needs: frailty	-0.107	(0.217)	-0.041	a	0.407	(0.165)	0.111	a
3. Medical services
Days to go to hospitals or clinics per month	0.027	(0.016)	0.0102	b	-0.017	(0.025)	-0.0052
Medical expenditure per month (self-burden)	-0.072	(0.035)	-0.027	a	0.000003	(0.00002)	0.000001
Hours for care per day when care was needed	0.054	(0.019)	0.020	a	0.022	(0.014)	0.007	c
4. Household demographics
Care receiver's Insurance (private medical insurance)	0.392	(0.211)	0.020	b	0.231	(0.154)	0.066	c
Care receiver's Insurance (private life insurance)	0.066	(0.290)	0.141	a	0.024	(0.211)	0.007
Care receiver's Insurance (private cancer insurance)	-0.335	(0.420)	0.025	a	-0.150	(0.287)	-0.047
Care receiver's Insurance (private LTC insurance)	-0.178	(0.381)	-0.130	a	-0.026	(0.311)	-0.008
Care receiver's Insurance (private pension)	1.585	(1.271)	-0.068	a	-0.566	(0.436)	-0.198
Household Annual Income (yen)	0.008	(0.166)	0.343	a	0.037	(0.015)	0.011	a
Household assets (yen)	0.028	(0.097)	0.003	a	-0.013	(0.014)	-0.004
Share of the elderly's assets	0.170	(0.262)	0.011	a	0.009	(0.024)	0.003
Number of family memners	0.028	(0.063)	0.064	a	-0.009	(0.045)	-0.003
Detached House (=1)	-0.390	(0.291)	0.011	a	-0.017	(0.311)	-0.005
5. Intensity (prefecture level)	-0.137
Number of providers per the approved	-136.864	(159.956)	-51.464	a	2.227	(189.527)	0.664
Constant	-2.198	(3.405)	a	-0.666	(2.168)
Number of Observations	563	636
Log Likelihood	-185.438	-302.883

(Note) All regressions include dummies for each prefecture. a, b, c refer to the significance level of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively.