Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
### (4) Permission for Emergency Landing (Article 17 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 16 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Immigration Control Act.)

The purpose of this provision is to respond quickly to emergency situations of foreign passengers and crew members aboard a vessel or aircraft. If such foreign nationals need to land in Japan for medical treatment of a disease, injury or some other physical ailment, permission will be granted until the cause thereof ceases to exist.

### (5) Landing Permission Due to Distress (Article 18 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 17 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Immigration Control Act.)

This permission was established for the purpose of promptly dealing with vessels that are in distress. It is granted when it is necessary to carry out relief and protection of foreign victims aboard a vessel in distress or in the event of a forced landing within a limit of 30 days.

## 5 Procedures for the Departure and Return of Japanese Nationals

The main role of the immigration control administration is to control the entry into and departure from Japan of foreign nationals. However, at the same time, it takes on the role of monitoring the transnational movement of all persons. For this reason, the Immigration Control Act stipulates the procedures for departure and return of Japanese nationals.

If a Japanese national departs from Japan, his or her departure must be confirmed by an immigration inspector at the port of entry and departure. In addition, if a Japanese national returns to Japan, his or her return must be confirmed by an immigration inspector.

## Section 3 ☐ Examination of the Statuses of Residence of Foreign Nationals

## Status of Residence System

In principle, foreign nationals who enter and reside as residents in Japan are required to have been granted a status of residence designated by the Immigration Control Act. These statuses of residence cover a wide variety of activities of the foreign nationals and clarify what activities they are permitted to engage in so as to be able to enter and reside in Japan. This scheme is called the status of residence system and it forms the foundation of the immigration control administration of Japan.

The statuses can be broadly divided into two categories:

A. Statuses of residence which focus on the authorized activities of the foreign national in Japan (one of the statuses of residence in the left-hand column of Appended Table I of the Immigration Control Act (activity status))

B. Statuses of residence which focus on the personal status or position of the foreign national (one of the statuses of residence in the left-hand column of Appended Table II of the Immigration Control Act (residency status))

The basis for the former is “what the foreign national does,” while that of the latter is “what kind of status the foreign national has”.

In addition, as Japan maintains a policy of permitting foreign nationals who are to engage in an occu-
(3)

Status of Residence	Activities authorized to engage in	Examples	Period of Stay
Cultural Activities	Academic or artistic activities that provide no income, or activities for the purpose of pursuing specific studies on Japanese culture or arts, or activities for the purpose of learning and acquiring Japanese culture or arts under the guidance of experts (except for the activities listed in the columns from "Student" to "Trainee" in this Table).	Researcher of Japanese culture	3 years, 1 year, 6 months or 3 months
Temporary Visitor	Sightseeing, recreation, sports, visiting relatives, inspection tours, participating in lectures or meetings, business contact or other similar activities during a short period of stay in Japan.	Tourist or confer- ence participant	90 days, 30 days, 15 days or per- iod of less than 15 days

(4)

Status of Residence	Activities authorized to engage in	Examples	Period of Stay
Student	Activities to receive education at a university, a college of technology ("koto-senmongakko"), senior high school (including the latter course of a secondary educational school ("chutokyoikugakko")) or senior high school course of school for special needs education ("tokubetsushiengakko"), vocational school ("senshugakko") or schools in the miscellaneous educational institution ("kakushugakko") or equivalent educational institutions in terms of facility and organization in Japan.	College student, junior college student, high school student, or students of higher or general courses of an advanced vocational school (Senshugakko)	4 years and 3 months, 4 years, 3 years and 3 months, 3 years, 3 years, 2 years and 3 months, 2 years, 1 year and 3 months, 1 year, 6 months or 3 months
Trainee	Activities to learn and acquire skills at a public or a private organization in Japan (except for the activities listed in the "Technical Intern Training (i) " and "Student" columns of this Table).	Trainee	1 year, 6 months or 3 months
Dependent	Daily activities on the part of the spouse or unmarried minor supported by the foreign national staying in Japan with the status of residence referred to in the columns from "Professor" to "Cultural Activities" in this Table (except for "Technical Intern Training") or of those who stay with the status of residence of "Student" in this Table.	Spouse or child who is a dependent of a residing foreign national	5 years, 4 years and 3 months, 4 years, 3 years and 3 months, 3 years, 2 years and 3 months, 2 years, 1 year and 3 months, 1 year, 6 months or 3 months

(5)

Status of Residence	Activities authorized to engage in	Examples	Period of Stay
Designated Activities	Activities which are specifically designated by the Minister of Justice for foreign individuals.	Preferential system for highly-skilled workers, sophisticated research, domestic help for a diplomat, individual on a working holiday, or nurse and certified caretaker candidates under the Economic Partnership Agreement	5 years, 4 years, 3 years, 2 years, 1 year, 6 months, 3 months or a term designated by the Minister of Justice (5 years or less)
Appended Table 2

Status of Residence	Personal relationship or status on which the residence is authorized	Examples	Period of Stay
Permanent Resident	Those who are permitted permanent residence by the Minister of Justice.	Individual who is permitted permanent residence by the Minister of Justice (except for special permanent residents of the Special Act on Immigration Control)	Unlimited
Spouse or Child of Japanese National	The spouses of Japanese nationals, the children adopted by Japanese nationals pursuant to the provisions of Article 817-2 of the Civil Code (Law No.89 of 1896) or those born as the children of Japanese nationals.	Spouse, biological child, or child adopted by a Japanese national in accordance with the provisions of Article 817-2 of the Civil Code	5 years, 3 years, 1 year or 6 months
Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident	The spouses of those who stay with the status of residence of "Permanent Resident" or Special Permanent Resident (hereinafter referred to as "permanent resident etc."), those born as children of a permanent resident etc. in Japan and having been residing in Japan.	Spouse or biological child of permanent resident or special permanent resident who was born and continues to reside in Japan	5 years, 3 years, 1 year or 6 months
Long Term Resident	Those who are authorized to reside in Japan with designation of period of stay by the Minister of Justice in consideration of special circumstances.	Refugees accepted for third-country resettlement, Japanese relative, child of Japanese descent, or child of foreign national spouse from a previous marriage	5 years, 3 years, 1 year, 6 months or a term designated by the Minister of Justice (5 years or less)

## ② Examination of the Status of Residence

If a foreign national residing in Japan wishes to continue to stay in Japan even after the expiration of the initial period of stay granted for his or her status of residence or wishes to change his or her status of residence for a new purpose that differs from that of the initial purpose of residence, he or she is required to file an application in accordance with the Immigration Control Act, and to obtain permission from the Minister of Justice (or the Director of the Regional Immigration Bureau except for applications for permission for permanent residence). In detail, the types of permission are permission to change the status of residence; permission for extension of the period of stay; permission for permanent residence; permission for acquisition of a status of residence; permission for re-entry; and permission to engage in an activity other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted; and the task of making these decisions is called examination of statuses of residence.

## (1) Permission for Change of Status of Residence (Article 20 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national staying in Japan wishes to change the activity in which he or she is to engage in Japan, he or she will need to apply for permission to change the status of residence before engaging in any new activities and obtain permission for a change to the status of residence corresponding to the new
activity.

## (2) Permission for Extension of the Period of Stay (Article 21 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national residing in Japan wishes to continue to stay in Japan even after the expiration of his or her period of stay without changing the activities under the status of residence currently possessed by him or her, he or she will need to apply for permission to extend the period of stay before the expiration of the period of stay and obtain permission for extension of the period of stay.

## (3) Permission for Permanent Residence (Article 22 of the Immigration Control Act)

The status of permanent residence is granted when certain conditions are met by a foreign national staying in Japan under some other status of residence, who has applied to change their status of residence to that of permanent residence, or by a foreign national who applies to acquire permanent residence due to birth or renouncement of Japanese nationality. $ ^{*1,*2} $

## (4) Permission for Acquisition of a Status of Residence (Article 22-2 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national was born in Japan or renounced Japanese nationality to obtain a foreign nationality, or lost his or her status as a member of the United States armed forces as defined in Article 1 of the Japan - U.S. Status of Forces Agreement who was not required to possess any status of residence, seeks to continue to stay in Japan beyond sixty days, he or she will need to apply for permission for acquisition of a status of residence and to obtain permission for acquisition of a status of residence within thirty days of the day on which such grounds occurred.

## (5) Re-entry Permission (Article 26, 26-2 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national residing in Japan seeks to temporarily depart from Japan and re-enter Japan once again, he or she may depart from Japan and enter Japan with the status of residence and the period of stay currently possessed by him or her, without taking other steps to apply for a new visa as long as he or she receives permission for re-entry in advance.

The introduction of a new residency management system, which commenced on July 9, 2012, no longer requires foreign nationals staying in Japan for a mid to long-term with a status of residence under the Immigration Control Act (hereinafter referred to as “mid to long-term resident”) to receive permission for re-entry in advance as long as they possess a valid passport and a valid residence card and re-enter Japan within one year of departing from Japan. Moreover, special permanent residents are no longer re-
mentioned above (specifically, the staff of the Japanese office of the Association of East Asian Relations (Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan, etc.) and the Permanent General Mission of Palestine in Japan who have the status of residence of “Designated Activities”, and their families),

(v) Special permanent residents,

(vi) Persons with no status of residence.

## 1 Residence Card

A residence card is issued to persons who are to reside in Japan for a mid to long term (mid to long-term residents) as the result of the permission relating to their status of residence, such as the permission for landing, permission to change the status of residence or permission for extension of the period of stay, etc.

The residence card contains important information kept by the Minister of Justice, such as the name, date of birth, gender, nationality/region, address, status of residence, period of stay, whether the holder is permitted to work or not (and for those aged 16 or older, a facial image). An IC chip is embedded in the residence card as a measure to prevent forgery in which all or some of the matters described on the face of the card are recorded.

Residence card
## ② Applications and Notifications Relating to Residence Cards

## (1) Notification of the Place of Residence

### A. Notification of the Place of Residence after Newly Landing in Japan (Article 19-7 of the Immigration Control Act)

A mid to long-term resident who possesses a residence card which was issued upon newly obtaining a landing permit at the port of entry, or who is in possession of a passport containing a statement to the effect that a residence card will be issued at a later date (hereinafter referred to as “residence card, etc.”) must notify the Minister of Justice of his or her place of residence by submitting a notification at the office of the municipality where the place of residence is located, bringing his or her residence card etc., within 14 days of the day of deciding on the place of residence.

### B. Notification of the Place of Residence in Connection with a Change in the Status of Residence and other Related Matters (Article 19-8 of the Immigration Control Act)

A foreign national who was not previously a mid to long-term resident but newly became a mid to long-term resident as a result of having obtained permission pertaining to the status of residence, such as permission to change the status of residence, permission for extension of the period of stay or permission for acquisition of a status of residence, must notify the Minister of Justice of his or her place of residence by submitting a notification at the office of the municipality where the place of residence is located, bringing his or her residence card, within 14 days of the day of deciding on the place of residence (or for a mid to long-term resident who had already decided on his or her place of residence, from the day on which he or she was granted permission).

### C. Notification of a Change of Place of Residence (Article 19-9 of the Immigration Control Act)

A mid to long-term resident who has changed his or her place of residence must notify the Minister of Justice of his or her new place of residence by submitting a notification at the office of the municipality where the new place of residence is located, bringing his or her residence card, etc., within 14 days of the day on which he or she moved into the new place of residence.

## (2) Notification of a Change of an Item on the Residence Card Other than the Place of Residence (Article 19-10 of the Immigration Control Act)

In cases of a change in the name, date of birth, gender or nationality/region, the mid to long-term resident is required to submit a notification of change to the Minister of Justice in accordance with the procedures provided for by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice at the regional immigration office within 14 days of the date of the change.
## (3) Application to Extend the Valid Period of the Residence Card (Article 19-11 of the Immigration Control Act)

A permanent resident or a mid to long-term resident whose sixteenth birthday is designated as the expiration date of his or her residence card is required to apply for an extension of the valid period of the residence card to the Minister of Justice in accordance with the procedures provided for by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice at the regional immigration office within the extension application period.

If, however, it is difficult to apply for an extension of the valid period of the residence card within the extension application period for any unavoidable causes, such as long-term medical treatment or a long-term overseas business trip, an application for extension of the valid period of the residence card may be submitted even before the extension application period.

## (4) Application for Reissuance of a Residence Card Due to Loss or Other Causes (Article 19-12 of the Immigration Control Act)

If the residence card has been lost, stolen, or defaced or is no longer in the possession of the holder for any other cause, the holder of the residence card is required to apply for re-issuance of his or her residence card to the Minister of Justice in accordance with the procedures of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice at the regional immigration office within 14 days after he or she has become aware of such fact (or, when he or she becomes aware of the fact while out of Japan, on the first day of entry).

## (5) Application for Reissuance of a Residence Card Due to Damage or Soiling (Article 19-13 of the Immigration Control Act)

If the residence card in the possession of the foreign national has been substantially damaged or soiled, or the data in the IC chip of the residence card has been damaged, an application for re-issuance of the residence card may be submitted to the Minister of Justice in accordance with the procedures of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice at the regional immigration office.

However, in cases where a foreign national has received an order from the Director of the Regional Immigration Bureau to file an application for reissuance of a residence card because his or her residence card has been substantially damaged or soiled, or the data in the IC chip embedded in his or her residence card has been damaged, he or she must file an application for reissuance of a residence card with the Minister of Justice through the procedures specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice at the regional immigration office, within 14 days of the day of receiving the order.

If the holder of the residence card wishes to exchange his or her residence card, he or she is able to apply for re-issuance even if the residence card has not been damaged or otherwise soiled. The payment of a fee of 1,300 yen is required, in this case, for issuance of the residence card.
## (2) Notification Concerning the Mid to Long-Term Resident by the Organization of Affiliation (Article 19-17 of the Immigration Control Act)

The affiliated public or private organization in Japan of a mid to long-term resident residing in Japan under the status of residence of “Professor,” “Investor/Business Manager,” “Legal/Accounting Services,” “Medical Services,” “Researcher,” “Instructor,” “Engineer,” “Specialist in Humanities/International Services,” “Intra-company Transferee,” “Entertainer,” “Skilled Labor” or “Student” (except for employers who must submit a notification to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to Article 28, paragraph (1) of the Employment Countermeasures Act) is asked to notify the Minister of Justice of the commencement and termination of the acceptance of a mid to long-term resident and other matters relating to the status of acceptance by submitting written documentation describing the causes and matters specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice to the regional immigration office or by sending the documentation by post to the Residency Management Information Department of the Tokyo Regional Immigration Bureau or by submitting a notification via the Internet through use of the “Immigration Bureau’s e-Notification System.”(Chart 3)

Chart 3: Procedural flow of the new residency management system
## Section 5 ☐ Deportation Procedures for Foreign Nationals

In immigration control administration, it is necessary to achieve a balance so as to promote the smooth acceptance of foreign nationals on the one hand, and to maintain security and order in Japanese society by removing unwelcome foreign nationals from Japan on the other.

The deportation procedures for foreign nationals constitute a powerful administrative action where the foreign national is deported even if deportation is against the foreign national's will. In international customary law, deportation is left to the discretion of the State. In Japan, the grounds for deportation and the deportation procedures are provided for in the Immigration Control Act and deportation is implemented on the basis of these provisions.

Deportation procedures begin with an immigration control officer conducting an investigation, and is composed of three steps: namely, an examination by an immigration inspector, a hearing by a special inquiry officer, and a decision rendered by the Minister of Justice for the objection filed by the foreign national in order to ensure that the foreign national who is undergoing the deportation procedures will be given ample opportunity to contest the facts of the case or to assert his or her side as to why he or she should be permitted to stay, and to ensure that a decision is made after a careful examination of the facts.(Chart 4)
Chart 4: Flow of deportation procedure and departure order procedure