Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
# Outline of Asbestos Measures by MHLW

Asbestos is fibrous mineral produced from natural environment, hazardous for human health and may cause lung cancer and mesothelioma after decades of latent period when inhaling its dust particle.

## Measures to prevent future damage

1. Total ban on manufacturing asbestos (Industrial Safety and Health Act)

• Based on the “Asbestos Comprehensive Measures” (Meeting on asbestos issue by concerned ministers on December 27, 2005), manufacture, import, transfer, provision and use of asbestos-containing products has been totally prohibited with exception of several kinds of products (products of exclusion from application of prohibition) since September 1, 2006

• Manufacturing the products of exclusion from application of prohibition is to be gradually banned after the safety of the substitutes is confirmed, and manufacturing, etc. is fully prohibited on March 1, 2012

2. Prevention measures of diffusion and exposure at demolition work, etc. (Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Asbestos)

• Measures have been intensified with the establishment of the “Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Asbestos” in February, 2005.

• Asbestos was formally controlled under the Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Specified Chemical Substances.

[Outline of Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Asbestos]

Pre-examination of construction materials, notification to the authorities, isolation of working sites, use of respiratory protective equipment, keeping working records, health check-ups, etc.

## Response to anxiety of the people

3. Health management of resignees (Personal Health Record System in accordance with the Industrial Safety and Health Act)

• Personal Health Record is issued for those who have been engaged in handling asbestos for a certain period

(Health check-ups by the government's burden (every 6 months))

4. Disclosure of information on workplaces, etc. where workers certified as being afflicted with asbestos exposition belonged

## Relief of the victims without a gap

5. Relief based on Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act

• Insurance benefits for victims and the bereaved families afflicted with employment injuries by asbestos

6. Relief based on Act on Asbestos Health Damage Relief

• Payment of the special survivor benefits to those who have lost the right to receive the survivor compensation benefits pursuant to lapses due to prescription based on the industrial accidents insurance
## Detailed Information 7 Measures to Prevent Industrial Accidents due to Chemical Substances

Chemical substances have significantly contributed to the development of Industry and the affluent life, so that they are indispensable in our daily lives. However, many of them are not only useful but also hazardous and toxic, and inappropriate handling of chemical substances can take harmful effects on our health. Therefore, when you use chemical substances, it is crucial to manage them properly.

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has been promoting measures to prevent industrial accidents due to chemical substances such as examination of chemical toxicity (carcinogenicity test, etc. by animal experiment), dissemination and thorough implementation of a system requiring indication of toxicity of chemical substances (labeling, Issuance of Safety Data Sheet (SDS)), and promotion of voluntary management of chemical substances at workplaces.

Chemical substances at workplace Substances subject to the Investigation of Risks or Hazards, etc.: approx. 60,000

Substances subject to preparation and issuance of SDS: 640
Substances subject to special control: 117
Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Specified Chemical Substances
(65 (7 of them are also subjected to manufacturing permits))
Chlorine, ethylene oxide, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen fluoride, benzene, mercury, ammonia, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, etc.
Ordinance on Prevention of Organic Solvent Poisoning (54)
Acetone, xylene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, toluene, n-hexane, methanol, gasoline, petroleum naphtha, etc.
Ordinance on Prevention of Lead Poisoning
Ordinance on Prevention of Tetraalkyl Lead Poisoning
Substances subject to manufacturing permits: 7
Beryllium, etc.
Substances covered by the Guideline for Prevention of Health Disturbance: 29 vinyl acetate, biphenyl, etc.

Substances subject to the prohibition of manufacturing: 8Benzidine, Asbestos, etc.
## Detailed Information 8 Investigation of Risks or Hazards, etc

### I nvestigation of Risks or Hazards, etc. at Workplaces and Measures Based on the Results

Investigating of Risks or Hazards, etc. (risk assessment) consists of identifying the danger or harm associated with work and evaluating the risk (combination of the severity of injury or disease and the possibility of its occurrence). Based on the results of such investigation, business operators are obliged to make efforts to take necessary measures to prevent danger or health impairment of workers.

* Business operators’ obligation to make efforts under the revised Industrial Safety and Health Act (Enforced in April 2006)

## Procedure of implementation

[1] Identification of hazards involved in work

[2] Estimation of risk for the identified hazards

[3] Setting the priority for reducing the estimated risk

[4] Examining risk reduction measures and its implementation

[5] Recording results of the risk assessment and risk reduction measures

## Examples of risk estimation/evaluation

Examples of risk estimation/evaluation

Severity of accidents

× : Mortal/severe: (industrial accidents causing death or workers to be absent from work for 1 month or longer)

△ : Moderate: (industrial accidents causing workers to be absent from work for less than 1 month)

○ : Slight: (slight injury, etc.)

Possibility of occurrence

✗: High/relatively high: (occurring every day/accidents can occur even with the greatest care)

△: Medium:

O: Low:

(often occurring in repairing, etc.)

(rarely occurring)

Risk is estimated by combining the severity of accidents and possibility of occurrence	Severity of accidents
Mortal/severe ×	Moderate △	Slight ○
Possibility of occurrence	High/relatively high ×	III	III	II
Medium △	III	II	I
Low ○	II	II	I

Risk levels III: There is risk that is serious or needs to be immediately solved.

II: There is risk that you should promptly take risk reduction measures.

I: There is risk that you should take risk reduction measures.
Source: Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW

Detailed Data 2 Annual Medical Examination Results

Source: Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW

(Note) 1. Items covered by the regular medical examination were revised in 1989.

2. Items covered by the organic solvent and lead medical examination were revised in 1989.

3. Tabulation methods for the special medical examination were changed in 1995.

4. Items covered by regular medical examination were revised in January 1999.
## Detailed Data 3 Annual Number of Person Having Industrial Diseases

Source: Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW

## Detailed Data 4 Reports Filed for Manufacturing and Importing New Chemical Substances

At present roughly 60,000 major chemical substances are being used or have been used in industries in Japan. With the diversity of demands, approximately 1,200 new chemical substances are produced every year. In particular, in recent years, types of new chemical substances whose consumption is very small are increasing.

Source: Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW
## Asbestos Health Damage Relief

## Overview

## Outline of the Act on Asbestos Health Damage Relief

Purpose:	The purpose of this Act is to provide prompt relief to persons who sustain health damage from asbestos, etc. in view of the special characteristics of asbestos health damage.
Effective date:	Establishment of funds Feb. 10, 2006
Provision of relief benefits and special survivor benefits Mar. 27, 2006
Collection of expenses from business operators Apr. 1, 2007
Extension of payment period of medical expenses, etc. Dec. 1, 2008
Addition of designated diseases (revision of Cabinet Order) July 1, 2010
Extension of the application due date for the special bereaved family condolence grants/special bereaved family benefits, etc. Aug. 30, 2011

• Relief benefit adjustment money

Relief measures for bereaved families of workers who died without receiving labour insurance compensation

[Provision of special survivor benefits]

(1) Subjects: The bereaved families of workers (including special affiliates) who die no later than March 26, 2016 because of designated diseases, etc. and that lost their right to receive the bereaved family compensation benefits under the Worker's Accident Insurance Act due to expiration of the prescription.

(2) Amount of benefits: Special survivor pension ¥2.4 million in principle per year

* Bereaved families that are not subjected to the provision of special survivor pension are provided with lump sum payment

(3) Application due date: March 27. 2022

(4) Resource: It is burdened by the Accident Account of Special Account for Labour Insurance
# Outline of the Act on Partial Revision of the Act on Asbestos Health Damage Relief

(Promulgated and enforced on August 30, 2011)

1. Extension of the application due date for special bereaved family benefits

Extended from “March 27, 2012 (6 years from the enforcement date)” to “March 27, 2022 (16 years from the enforcement date)”

10 year extension

### 2. Expansion of the subjects of special bereaved family benefits

10 year extension

The bereaved families of workers, etc. who were afflicted with designated diseases, etc. as a result of having been engaged in activities that exposed them to asbestos and die no later than March 26, 2016 (March 26, 2006 before the revision) because of such diseases and who lost their right to receive the bereaved family compensation benefits of Worker's Accident Insurance due to expiration of the prescription (5 years) can now be provided with the benefits.

Expansion of the subjects of benefits from the revision
[Date of death of workers, etc.]	(Mar. 26, 2006)	(Aug. 29, 2006)	(Mar. 26, 2016)
Special bereaved family benefits	Gap	Bereaved family compensation benefit based on the Worker's Accident Insurance Act	Before the revision
Filling the gap	Case of newly expired prescription	After the revision

* Payment of special survivor pensions for those who died between March 27, 2006 and August 29, 2006 is made from the month after the month in which the date of expiration of prescription for receiving the bereaved family compensation benefits of Worker's Accident Insurance belonged within.

### 3. Others

○ The application due date for special bereaved family condolence grants, etc. (within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Environment) was similarly extended 10 years

☐ Provision for review within 5 years from enforcement of the revised Act
• Basic daily benefits are calculated, in principle, by dividing the total wages of three months immediately before the injury by calendar days of that period (the minimum guarantee amount is ¥3,950).

• As for the basic daily benefit for pension benefits and work compensation benefit or temporary absence from work benefits for employees receiving medical treatment for a long time (more than 18 months), the minimum and maximum amounts are set according to age group.

• A merit system is available in which insurance rates (amounts of insurance premiums) are increased or decreased in accordance with a balance of an Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance of respective businesses (going business or business with definite term (including grouping of business with definite term), construction $ \pm40\% $ ; business with definite term (including grouping of business with definite term), logging $ \pm35\% $ ).

* Based on the “Act on Asbestos Health Damage Relief”
Detailed Data Financial Status of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance

(Unit: ¥100 million)

Category	FY2007	FY2008	FY2009	FY2010	FY2011	FY2012
[1] Revenue	14,327	14,474	12,014	11,386	11,610	11,166
Insurance premiums (included)	10,853	10,898	8,419	7,841	8,095	7,447
Interest revenue (included)	1,085	1,208	1,272	1,314	1,329	1,337
[2] Expenditure	13,143	12,903	12,449	12,385	12,686	12,181
Insurance benefits (included)	7,761	7,707	7,496	7,445	7,508	7,568
Payment of special supplements (included)	1,175	1,149	1,118	1,078	1,117	1,048
Expenses for social rehabilitation promotion services (Note 1) (included)	957	959	919	800	918	621
Fiscal balance ([1]-[2])	1,184	1,571	$ \triangle $ 435	$ \triangle $ 999	$ \triangle $ 1,076	$ \triangle $ 1,015
Total of reserve funds	79,413	80,985	81,532	80,533	79,457	78,442

(Note) 1. Reserve funds of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance are used as the resource for the payment of pension benefits of Industrial Accident Compensation Pension in the future.

2. Accumulated reserve fund for FY2009 includes ¥98.3 billion that was transferred from the Seamen Insurance reserve fund due to being integrated with Seamen's Insurance in January 1, 2010.

3. The figures may not add up to the total number due to rounding.
## Labour Insurance Application and Contribution Collection Systems

## [Labour Insurance]

Industrial Accident

Compensation Insurance and

Employment Insurance are

collectively referred to as the Labour

Insurance. Insurance benefits of

these systems are paid individually

while the insurance premiums are

collected, in principal, as the unified

Labour Insurance premiums. The

amount of insurance premiums

collected is calculated by multiplying

the total amount of wages paid by

business operators by the sum of the

premium rate of Industrial Accident

Compensation Insurance and that of

Employment Insurance.

Business operators, excluding those in certain businesses in agriculture, forestry, or fisheries, that employ one or more worker must establish insurance relation and pay the premiums.

## Application of Labour Insurance and Obligation of Collection

### 1. Labour Insurance

o Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (Industrial Accident Insurance) and Employment Insurance are collectively referred to as the “Labour Insurance”.

o The Labour Insurance shell be applied to all businesses where one employee or more are employed in principal.

* Number of undertakings covered by the Labour Insurance is approx. 3.02 million (as of the end of FY2013)

### 2. Laboour Insurance premium

○ The insurance premiums are collected, in principal, as the unified Labour Insurance premiums which include Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (Industrial Accident Insurance) and Employment Insurance.

○ The amount of the insurance premiums are calculated by multiplying the total amount of wages paid by business operators by the premium rate.

Labour insurance premium = Total amount of wages in the entire business ×

Premium rate (Employment Insurance premium rate + Industrial Accident Insurance premium rate)

Industrial Accident Insurance premium rate: 2.5/1,000-89/1,000 depending on the business type

Employment Insurance premium rate: 13.5/1,000 (general business),

15.5/1,000 (agriculture, forestry, fishery, and sake brewing),

16.5/1,000 (construction)

○ Bearing of the Labour Insurance premiums is as follows.

Industrial Accident Insurance: Borne by business operators

Employment Insurance: Unemployment benefit portion is evenly shared by labour and management, two service portion is borne by business operators

○ Insurance premium revenue: approx. ¥2.9 trillion, collection rate: 98.0% (as of the end of FY2013)
Detailed Data 1 Coverage of Labour Insurance

(Unit: 10 thousand)

End of FY Category	2010	2011	2012	2013
Number of businesses covered by Labour Insurances	294	295	297	302
Number of businesses covered by Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance	262	263	265	268
Number of businesses covered by Employment Insurance	199	200	202	205

Source: Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW

Detailed Data 2 Collection of Labour Insurance Premiums

(Unit: ¥100 million)

End of FY	2010	2011	2012	2013
Category
Total amount	30,894	32,708	29,313	29,955
Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance	7,841	8,254	7,879	8,234
Employment insurance	23,052	24,454	21,433	21,721

Source: Surveyed by Labour Standards Bureau, MHLW
## Overview

## Outline of The Workers' Property Accumulation Promotion System

The Workers' Property Accumulation Promotion System was founded in accordance with The Workers' Property Accumulation Promotion Act enacted in 1971. It is the system that the government and employers provide support for and cooperate in the efforts of workers to make properties such as savings and acquisition of their own houses.

The interest rate is as of April 1, 2014.

The saving balance and outstanding balance of loan are as of March 31, 2014.
## The Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid System

The Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid System provides small- and medium-sized enterprises that cannot establish their own retirement allowance systems, creating a common retirement allowance system based on mutual aid among such enterprises with the government aid. This system aims to improve welfare of workers of small- and medium-sized enterprises and contribute to the growth of small- and medium-sized enterprise businesses.

Structure of The Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid System for general industries

Number of Participants and Amount of Payment (FY2013)

The Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid System for general industries	Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid System for specified industries
Construction	Sake maker	Forestry
Target	Mainly for regular workers	For workers employed during a specific period in each industry (fixed-term worker)
Mutual aid contractors Number of employers (case)	362,226	170,896	2,034	3,262
Mutual aid members Number of workers (person)	3,238,864	3,012,334	15,829	39,448
Retirement allowance, etc. Number of payments (case)	275,062	49,249	208	1,777
Retirement allowance, etc. Amount of payment (¥1,000)	361,885,189	46,919,382	220,022	1,648,257

(Note) The number of mutual aid contractors and the number of mutual aid members are as of the end of FY2013.
## Stable Labour-Management Relations

## Detailed Information 1 The Adjustment of the Labour Committee System and Labour Dispute

## What is the Central Labour Relations Commission?

The Central Labour Relations Commission is one of administrative organ's committees described in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of the National Government Organization Act, established in 1946 on the basis of the Labour Union Act, and it is the center organ to deal with labour-management dispute. The Central Labour Relations Commission is composed of total 45 members (15 members from each committee), such as those who are representative of the public interests (public members), those who are representative of labour (the labour members) and those who are representative of employers (Employer members).

Also, for labour-management dipute handling organs in local areas, Prefectural Labour Relations Commission of 47 exists in the same constitution composed of three members of public labour-employers like the Central Labour Relations Commission as administrative committees in each prefecture.

The Central Labour Relations Commission shall have the right to handle following matters in chief like labour-employers dispute and others in accordance with the law on labour relations, such as the Labour Union Act, the Labour Relations Adjustment Act and the Act Concerning the Labour Relations of National Enterprises and Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency.

## [1] Examination into cases of unfair labour practice

Procedure of the unfair labour practice examination applies two-tiered system in principle and the Central Labour Relations Commission reexamines into objections raised by parties against judgment of the first hearing of Prefectural Labour Relations Commission (relief order). Besides, it provides the first trial (in this case, it refers to the first trial system) on national important cases and the cases of unfair labour practice relating to the specified incorporated administrative agency and the National Forestry Business.

Further, parties can bring withdrawal against the order of the Labour Relations Commission.

## [2] Conciliation, mediation and arbitration of labour disturbance

According to the Labour Relations Adjustment Act, in case labour dispute has happened between parties relating to labour matters, it plans to resolve that.

Prefectural Labour Relations Commission handles cases relating to only a single prefecture. However, the Central Labour Relations Commission handles cases relating to 2 prefectures or more, cases included in national important problems and cases relating to the specified incorporated administrative agency and the National Forestry Business.
## Outline of procedures of unfair labour practice

Unfair labour practice (Article 7 item 1 to 4 of Labour Union Act)

• Disadvantage handling by being labour unionists

• Collective bargaining refusal

• Rule intervention in labour unions

• Disadvantage handling by procedure-participation in the Labour Relations Commission

• In case unfair labour practice has been occurred by employers, labour unions and employees may petition for the relief.

• Petition must be applied within one year since cases happened.

• In case a petitioner is a labour union, preliminary qualification exam shall be conducted.

• In case the settlement has been effected by the time, order has been confirmed and the Labour Relations Commission has authorized it, procedure shall be perfected.

• Appeals for retrial must be petitioned within 15 days for both labour and employers since order was delivered.

• Petition of the points of disposition and reasons against first hearing instructions.

• In retrial, reexamination into first hearing instructions shall be practiced on the basis of all information examined in the first hearing. It shall allow parties to file new evidence, and examination and hearing shall be conducted on the independent position, then the retrial shall be examined and judged in accordance with all information gathered at the point the retrial has been terminated.

• In case the settlement has been effected by the time, order has been confirmed and the Labour Relations Commission has authorized it, procedure shall be perfected.

Actions by employers must be brought within 30 days, that by employees must be brought within six months.

* It refers to the instruction in which petitions must be obeyed by the order from the Labour Relations Commission until when judgment has been fixed in order to secure effectiveness of relief instructions in accordance with the Labour Relations Commission System whose purpose is to relief simply and quickly from violation of the right to unionize.

500,000 yen or less shall be charged in case of default on it.

Petition from the Labour Relations Commission

In case employers have filed, it shall be fixed in public member conferences and sectional meetings.