Table 8: Key variable definitions and summary statistics (public and private -licensed)

Variables	Total(n=16,735)	Public facility(n=7,102)	Licensed private facility(n=9,633)
Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
I. Treatment variables
Monthly wage including various types of compensation	251199.420	(109,289.240)	301723.260	(127964.500)	213950.360	(73546.430)
Daily wage including various types of compensation	12348.050	(5,236.330)	15032.540	(5923.050)	10368.880	(3541.350)
Hourly salary including various types of compensation	1518.930	(636.165)	1837.180	(745.635)	1284.290	(404.341)
Natural logarithm of monthly wage	12.339	(0.447)	12.508	(0.499)	12.214	(0.355)
Natural logarithm of daily wage	9.336	(0.413)	9.527	(0.449)	9.195	(0.317)
Natural logarithm of hourly wage	7.248	(0.385)	7.426	(0.436)	7.116	(0.278)
=1 if monthly wage > average monthly wage	0.412	(0.492)	0.638	(0.481)	0.265	(0.441)
=1 if daily wage > average daily wage	0.413	(0.492)	0.668	(0.471)	0.245	(0.430)
=1 if hourly wage > average hourly wage	0.402	(0.490)	0.640	(0.480)	0.246	(0.431)
II. Quality of services
Share of regular workers	0.944	(0.126)	0.949	(0.116)	0.940	(0.131)
Share of qualified workers	0.837	(0.178)	0.822	(0.198)	0.846	(0.164)
Actual number of children per worker	7.076	(3.923)	7.681	(4.420)	6.680	(3.505)
Actual number of children per regular worker	8.793	(4.780)	9.730	(5.100)	8.181	(4.455)
Actual number of children per qualified worker	8.265	(9.275)	8.352	(5.524)	8.208	(11.058)
III. Employees' characteristics
Working days in April, 2002	21.274	(1.916)	20.858	(1.741)	21.581	(1.980)
Average working hours per day in 2002	7.738	(0.823)	7.813	(0.799)	7.683	(0.836)
=1 if male	0.015	(0.121)	0.010	(0.097)	0.019	(0.135)
Years of age	33.764	(10.613)	36.959	(9.957)	31.408	(10.465)
Years of age squared	1252.640	(786.580)	1465.120	(743.890)	1095.980	(780.451)
=1 if age is equal to or greater than 20 and less than 30	0.456	(0.498)	0.305	(0.460)	0.568	(0.495)
=1 if age is equal to or greater than 30 and less than 40	0.211	(0.408)	0.234	(0.423)	0.193	(0.395)
=1 if age is equal to or greater than 40 and less than 50	0.245	(0.430)	0.353	(0.478)	0.165	(0.371)
=1 if age is equal to or greater than 50 and less than 60	0.079	(0.270)	0.103	(0.305)	0.061	(0.239)
=1 if age is equal to or greater than 60	0.008	(0.088)	0.003	(0.054)	0.011	(0.106)
Years of experience	9.615	(9.167)	12.862	(9.977)	7.221	(7.689)
Years of experience squared	176.474	(279.913)	264.951	(315.093)	111.243	(229.999)
=1 if university graduate	0.040	(0.196)	0.040	(0.197)	0.040	(0.196)
=1 if community college graduate	0.670	(0.470)	0.644	(0.479)	0.690	(0.463)
=1 if professional training school graduate	0.229	(0.420)	0.249	(0.433)	0.214	(0.410)
=1 if others	0.061	(0.239)	0.066	(0.249)	0.057	(0.231)
=1 if qualified child care worker	0.918	(0.274)	0.939	(0.240)	0.903	(0.297)
=1 if regular worker	0.825	(0.380)	0.793	(0.405)	0.849	(0.358)
=1 if nonregular worker with long hours of work	0.131	(0.337)	0.165	(0.371)	0.105	(0.307)
=1 if care worker with short hours of work	0.044	(0.205)	0.041	(0.199)	0.046	(0.210)
=1 if chief or director of child care workers	0.078	(0.269)	0.105	(0.307)	0.057	(0.234)
IV. Facility characteristics
=1 if licensed public facility authorized by municipal government	0.424	(0.494)	1.000	(0.000)	0.000	(0.000)
=1 if licensed private facility authorized by municipal government	0.576	(0.494)	0.000	(0.000)	1.000	(0.000)
=1 if founded in or earlier than 1945	0.008	(0.088)	0.011	(0.106)	0.005	(0.071)
=1 if founded after 1945 and in or before 1955	0.179	(0.383)	0.137	(0.344)	0.209	(0.407)
=1 if founded after 1955 and in or before 1965	0.118	(0.323)	0.155	(0.362)	0.091	(0.287)
=1 if founded after 1965 and in or before 1975	0.333	(0.471)	0.363	(0.481)	0.311	(0.463)
=1 if founded after 1975 and in or before 1985	0.279	(0.449)	0.254	(0.435)	0.298	(0.457)
=1 if founded after 1985 and in or before 1995	0.031	(0.172)	0.040	(0.196)	0.023	(0.151)
=1 if founded after 1995	0.053	(0.224)	0.039	(0.194)	0.063	(0.243)
=1 if land is owned by city	0.402	(0.490)	0.843	(0.364)	0.088	(0.284)
=1 if land is owned by prefecture or county	0.036	(0.186)	0.044	(0.206)	0.030	(0.170)
=1 if land is owned by public cooperation	0.029	(0.169)	0.024	(0.152)	0.033	(0.180)
=1 if land is owned by social welfare cooperation	0.340	(0.474)	0.003	(0.052)	0.580	(0.494)
=1 if land is rented from other organization	0.193	(0.394)	0.086	(0.281)	0.269	(0.443)
Number of employees	18.731	(7.666)	16.505	(6.875)	20.372	(7.804)
=1 if number of employees is equal to or less than 13	0.260	(0.439)	0.361	(0.480)	0.185	(0.388)
=1 if number of employees is greater than 13 and equal to or less than 1	0.261	(0.439)	0.262	(0.440)	0.260	(0.439)
=1 if number of employees is greater than 18 and equal to or less than 2	0.242	(0.428)	0.219	(0.414)	0.259	(0.438)
=1 if number of employees is greater than 23	0.237	(0.425)	0.157	(0.364)	0.296	(0.456)
=1 if flexible capacity	0.742	(0.438)	0.614	(0.487)	0.835	(0.371)
=1 if separate branch	0.035	(0.184)	0.047	(0.211)	0.026	(0.160)
Actual number of children/maximum number of children (0 years old)	0.708	(0.495)	0.751	(0.450)	0.643	(0.550)
Actual number of children/maximum number of children (1-2 years old)	1.184	(0.897)	1.281	(1.102)	1.035	(0.374)
Actual number of children/maximum number of children (3 years old)	1.033	(0.286)	1.078	(0.236)	0.965	(0.339)
Actual number of children/maximum number of children (4 years old)	1.043	(0.401)	1.073	(0.463)	0.996	(0.276)
=1 if special care provided (extra hours of care)	0.692	(0.462)	0.529	(0.499)	0.812	(0.391)
=1 if special care provided (nighttime care)	0.039	(0.193)	0.018	(0.133)	0.054	(0.225)
=1 if special care provided (disability care)	0.005	(0.074)	0.002	(0.041)	0.008	(0.090)
=1 if special care provided (disability care)	0.565	(0.496)	0.635	(0.481)	0.513	(0.500)
=1 if special care provided (temporary care)	0.322	(0.467)	0.282	(0.450)	0.352	(0.478)
=1 if special care provided (post acute care)	0.016	(0.125)	0.006	(0.078)	0.023	(0.150)
=1 if special care provided (special education program )	0.109	(0.311)	0.016	(0.126)	0.176	(0.381)
Total hours of care	2.434	(0.094)	2.397	(0.108)	2.461	(0.072)