Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Focus

## Recent Air-Traffic Safety Problems and Countermeasures

### 1. Safety problems involving air carriers

There have been no accidents resulting in passenger fatalities among Japanese air carriers since the crash of JAL Flight 123 at Mt. Osutaka in 1985. The few aircraft accidents per year that occur mainly involve air turbulence. However, since January 2005, there have been a series of safety problems resulting from human error or aircraft defects, although none has resulted in an aircraft accident.

Specifically, in the short interval up to the time the Japan Airline group received an order from MLIT to improve its operations on March 17, 2005, there was a series of problems, including improper use of undercarriage components in a cargo carrier and violations of traffic-control instructions at New Chitose Airport and at Incheon International Airport in South Korea. Since the start of 2006, there have also been incidents, including delays in performing inspections because of poor maintenance management.

Incidents have also been reported with other air carriers, including violation of air-traffic control directions, pilots following erroneous altimeter directions, and operation of aircraft beyond the deadline for performing repairs.

### 2. Actions taken by MLIT

(1) apan Airlines group

On March 17, 2005, MLIT issued an order to the carrier to improve its operations and on April 14, 2005, received a report of improvement measures adopted. Since then, MLIT has conducted a program of continuous on-the-spot inspections to monitor the implementation of improvement measures.

On January 9, 2006, MLIT reprimanded the Japan Airlines group, instructing it to prevent human error, and on March 22, ordering it to ensure compliance with maintenance-work requirements.

## (2) Skymark Airlines

On June 15, 2005 MLIT reprimanded the carrier for not having appropriate personnel to perform maintenance and on March 14, 2006, for inappropriate control of maintenance operations including the operation of an aircraft beyond the deadline for performing repairs. MLIT also established a special audit team to strengthen supervision because of concerns about the management of maintenance and safety at the carrier, stationing the team at Haneda Airport from March 17 to conduct auditing activities. Based on the results, the director general of the Civil Aviation Bureau issued an advisory to the president of the carrier to improve business operations, urging the carrier to take immediate steps to establish a safety-management system and to improve its maintenance management.
## (3) Other

In view of the series of problems involving airlines, MLIT significantly strengthened the surveillance and supervision of air carriers by introducing random on-the-spot inspections and establishing a dedicated audit department within the Civil Aviation Bureau.

MLIT revised the Aviation Law, based on the Law to Amend the Railway Business Law to Enhance Transportation Safety implemented on March 29, 2006, to bolster preventive safety measures by requiring air carriers to establish safety-management systems, mandating the reporting of developments that could impede safety in normal aircraft operations and reviewing safety measures and safety standards by collecting and analyzing safety data.
## Focus

# Planned Air-Traffic Safety Initiatives

— From the Eighth Fundamental Traffic Safety Program —

## 1 Basic thinking

To implement air-traffic safety measures progressively to reduce aircraft accidents and to prevent safety problems that could lead to accidents.

## 2 Objective

- To continue the record of zero fatal accidents among specified national air carriers $ ^{2} $ that has held since 1986.

## 3 Measures

## (1) Perspective

There is an urgent need to restore the people’s trust in the safety of air transport by halting the series of problems that can be regarded as predictors of accidents.

Problems of congestion and delays at airports and in the air are becoming more serious with the growing concentration of air traffic. Given forecasts of further increases in air-traffic volume going forward, there is an urgent need to establish safer and more efficient air-traffic systems in the air while expanding airport capacity, starting with extensions to Haneda Airport.

## (2) Measures to be implemented

## {1} Enhancement of air-traffic environment

In order to address growing air-transport volume while ensuring air-traffic safety, the government will take steps to install future air navigation systems and progressively upgrade airspace and en-route to enhance the level of air-traffic control utilizing these systems.

## {2} Safe operation of aircraft

The government aims to ensure safe operation of aircraft by such actions as establishing a dedicated department to audit airlines and by switching to a preventive-safety approach instead of one that deals with problems after the fact. Furthermore, it will press for the creation of a safety-management apparatus involving all levels from top management to crew and will introduce a Safety Management Assessment program, which it will use to confirm the process as part of the effort to ensure the safe operation of aircraft.
{3} Ensuring aircraft safety

The government will ensure aircraft safety by pressing airlines to adopt safety measures such as upgrading technical standards, improving collection and processing of information, and improving inspection functions.

{4} Improving rescue and emergency services systems

The government will upgrade its rescue and emergency role to ensure a rapid and appropriate response to aircraft disasters and accidents and bolster collaboration among pertinent organizations.

{5} Victim support

The government will bolster support for victims seeking compensation and advance measures that recognize the emotional condition of victims. In cases of major accidents, the police, medical institutions, local-government organizations and private victim-support organizations will cooperate to support victims.

{6} Improving capabilities in research and development and investigation and analysis The government will carry out research and development on air-traffic safety and investigation and analysis to identify causes of aircraft accidents and promptly reflect the findings in safety measures aimed at strengthening air-traffic safety.
## 2 Current Air Traffic Safety Measures

## 2 -1 Ensuring safe operation of aircraft

Initiatives to ensure safety after abolition of regulations to balance supply and demand through guidance and supervision of air carriers and strengthening of air-safety systems

Since January 2005, there has been a series of safety problems among Japanese air carriers caused by human error and aircraft defects. Notably, after the Japan Airline group experienced a series of safety problems, including improper use of undercarriage components in a cargo carrier and violations of traffic-control instructions at New Chitose Airport and at Incheon International Airport in South Korea, MLIT on March 17 issued an order to improve business operations to identify the cause of the problems and conduct comprehensive safety inspections, review the company's safety-assurance organization, and redouble efforts to raise the safety consciousness of employees. On April 14, MLIT received a report from the Japan Airlines group outlining remedial actions addressing common factors and reasons for the series of problems and measures to prevent a recurrence, including references to problems that had occurred since MLIT issued its order to improve business operations. MLIT has continued to perform on-the-spot inspections to monitor the implementation of improvement measures. Moreover, as there have also been safety problems among other air carriers, such as violation of air-traffic control directions and flights based on erroneous altimeter directions, MLIT has taken a serious view of the situation and has implemented air-transportation safety measures, including use of random inspections and strengthened surveillance and supervision of air carriers.

## Measures to deal with air-traffic control problems

In light of not a small number of safety-related incidents involving air-traffic control, MLIT gave priority to preventive measures, including safety audits of air traffic control facilities.

## 2 -2 Ensuring aircraft safety

## I mproving maintenance and examination of aircraft

In addition to specified examinations of carriers and regular safety inspections, MLIT has directed carriers to address ongoing air problems by identifying the causes of aircraft defects and preventing recurrences and has introduced random on-the-spot inspections in order to strengthen surveillance and supervision of air carriers.
# — PART II — TRAFFIC SAFETY MEASURES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN FY2006

## CHAPTER 1 LAND TRANSPORT SAFETY

## Section 1 Road Transport Safety

## 1 Road Environment Enhancements

## Provision of walking space with priority on pedestrian safety

With the cooperation of local communities, the national government will promote traffic-safety measures focused on pedestrians by actively implementing initiatives to build and upgrade sidewalks along school roads, residential roads and major roads in urban areas.

(1) Sidewalks along school roads

To ensure the safety of young children commuting to elementary schools, kindergartens, day care centers, and children's cultural facilities, the government will advance an ambitious program for the development of sidewalks etc., along school roads.

(2) Traffic-safety measures for residential roads

Working in cooperation with prefectural public safety commissions and road management agencies, the government will implement a new area-wide and comprehensive accident-prevention measures in the Safe Pedestrian Areas of major roads on the edge of residential areas and commercial areas where there is a high incidence of traffic accidents resulting in causalities. It will also implement a vigorous program of sidewalk building alongside residential roads outside of Safe Pedestrian Areas.

(3) Provision of barrier free and other walk spaces

In order to help seniors and disabled people lead independent, socially active lives, the government will pursue ambitious programs of sidewalk building in areas near train stations, public facilities, welfare facilities, hospitals and so on, basing their plans on universal design concepts and ensuring sufficient width and evenness.

## 2 Dissemination and Reinforcement of Traffic Safety Messages

## Traffic safety education for the elderly

The government will introduce the “Participation, Experience, and Practice-based Project to Promote Safe Driving for Seniors,” which aims to promote regional traffic safety education for seniors by providing senior traffic instructors (Silver Leaders) with the necessary knowledge about traffic safety and improving their leadership skills. It will also implement the “Central Training Program for Silver Leaders” to improve Silver Leaders’ ability to educate sub-leaders.

In addition, it will implement the “Traffic Safety Awareness Program for Seniors,” encompassing the “Cross-generation Sharing Project,” in which people from three generations
gather to learn about traffic safety, and the “Seniors Home Visit Project,” in which traffic safety guidance is provided at home to seniors unable to attend traffic safety seminars.

## Promotion of safe use of bicycles

One aim of this program will be to instill an understanding among cyclists that bicycles are a form of vehicle and that when using roads, they must comply with the rules applying to all vehicles and observe road manners.

To prevent traffic accidents involving cyclists as well as nuisance behavior by bicycles, the government will strengthen educational activities concerning the correct way to ride a bicycle with due regard for pedestrians and other vehicles.

## Promoting wearing of rear seat belts

The government will promote the wearing of rear seatbelts as part of its program to foster understanding of the benefits of seatbelt usage and the correct method of wearing belts. It will actively utilize all opportunities and media to educate the public in cooperation with local public authorities and relevant agencies and organizations. In light of data concerning accidents in which people are thrown from cars, it will promote the wearing of seatbelts by rear-seated passengers on national expressways.

## 3 Ensuring Safe Driving

## Developing better and more effective measures for elderly drivers

In order to prevent traffic accidents among elderly drivers, the government will utilize lecture programs and classes for elderly drivers at the time of license renewal to advance traffic-safety education, including making elderly drivers aware of situations in which elderly drivers become involved in traffic accidents as well as the changes that are occurring in their physical functioning. For elderly drivers, in particular, it will endeavor to improve the current situation by studying the addition of new physical-function tests and effective ways of enhancing drivers' awareness of the significance of the results.

The government will also study measures to improve the relevance of tests by conducting a detailed analysis of the circumstances surrounding traffic accidents involving seniors. It will also endeavor to identify drivers with suspected dementia and to take administrative action to cancel the licenses of persons thought likely to pose a hazard to safe driving.

## 4 Ensuring Vehicle Safety

## Advancing vehicle safety

In the field of safety measures to prevent accidents from occurring, the government aims to take advantage of recent technology trends to expand and strengthen safety standards, promote the development and popularization of advanced safety vehicles (ASV), and to provide users with vehicle-assessment information. It will implement these steps in the interest of facilitating further improvements.
## 5 Improving Rescue and Emergency Services Systems

Advancing the training and deployment of emergency life-saving technicians and doctor cars

In order to improve pre-hospital care (emergency treatment at the scene of an emergency or during transportation to hospital), the government will promote the use of doctor cars (ambulances with a doctor aboard), train emergency life-saving technicians in order to achieve a more systematic deployment of such personnel at fire stations throughout the country and promote the use of lectures and practical training sessions to enable technicians to perform quickly and efficiently tracheal intubation and the administration of drugs, which are now possible under a broader definition of emergency treatment. It will also work to improve medical-control systems to ensure high-quality emergency treatment performed by emergency life-saving technicians and other emergency teams, under the guidance of a doctor.

## Section 2 Railway Transport Safety

## 1 Railway Environment Enhancements

## I nstallation of operational safety devices

Based on a plan for emergency improvements that was adopted in the wake of the JR West Fukuchiyama Line derailment, railway companies will be required to upgrade and improve safety equipment, including completion of the installation of ATS devices to prevent trains from traveling above allowable speeds on sharply curving sections of tracks, by FY2009. The government will also push for installation and upgrading of railway wireless and other communications equipment to enable prompt transmission of necessary information in emergencies, such as accidents or earthquakes.

## 2 Assuring the Safe Operations of Railways

## Safety audits of railway companies

To ensure the safe operation of railways, the government will conduct safety audits of railway companies and provide appropriate guidance on the state of equipment and maintenance of rolling stock, train operation, training of crews and safety-management systems. It expects the company leadership itself to be cognizant of the situation at sites where safety may be an issue and, because a proper internal reporting system is essential to ensuring safe transportation of passengers, to utilize various opportunities to instruct and guide employees.

Furthermore, the government will press for the creation of a safety-management apparatus involving all levels from top management to crew and will introduce a Safety Management Assessment program, which it will use to confirm the process as part of the effort to ensure the safe operation of railways.
# CHAPTER 2 MARITIME TRANSPORT SAFETY

## 1 Maritime Environment Enhancements

## Upgrading of safety facilities

In accordance with the Priority Plan for Social Infrastructure Development, projects will be carried out in FY2006 to develop breakwaters, waterways, anchorages, and other infrastructure, in view of the growing size and speed of vessels. Action will also be taken to create emergency refuge harbors for vessels operating in coastal waters to avert imminent danger.

## 2 Ensuring Safe Operation of Vessels

## Radical overhaul of pilot system

A bill was submitted to the 164th Diet session to revise partially the Pilotage Law relating to the training and employment of pilots, maritime-traffic safety assurance, and improvement of the efficiency and relevance of piloting operations (Bill to Revise Partially the Harbor Law to Strengthen Infrastructure for Maritime Distribution of Goods). This bill was enacted in May 2006 and outlines measures to be taken with the shift to the new system from April 2007.

## 3 Improvement of Safety Measures for Small Vessels

## I ncreasing life-jacket usage

As a large percentage of fatalities or missing persons resulting from maritime accidents or falls from fishing boats or pleasure boats involve people who were not wearing life jackets, relevant ministries and agencies will collaborate with local governments and related organizations to promote vigorously and effectively a campaign to encourage people to protect themselves and to communicate the effectiveness of wearing a life jacket in order to maximize lifejacket use.

The authorities will also step up activities to counsel and police persons who violate regulations requiring the wearing of a lifejacket and will review regulations covering the wearing of lifejackets in order to increase lifejacket usage.
# CHAPTER 3 AIR TRANSPORT SAFETY

## 1 Ensuring Safe Operation of Aircraft

## Strengthening supervision of air carriers

In view of the growing complexity and diversity of airline corporate structures, the government will radically strengthen the existing on-the-spot inspection process by establishing a dedicated auditing organization. At the same time, it will improve the training of auditing personnel in order to ensure that audits are conducted in a professional and appropriate manner.

Additionally, it will press for the creation of a safety-management apparatus involving all levels from top management to crew and will introduce a Safety Management Assessment program, which it will use to confirm the process as part of the effort to ensure the safe operation of aircraft.

## Switch to safety administration emphasizing prevention

In order to prevent accidents and major problems from occurring, the government will adopt safety-administration procedures to emphasize prevention, requiring airlines to report on events that hinder the normal and safe operation of aircraft by collecting and analyzing safety information, and will instruct airlines on safety measures and review safety standards. It will also review procedures for training airline employees and introduce an English certification system for pilots to improve the communication skills of pilots in order to prevent human error.

## 2 Ensuring Aircraft Safety

## I mproving aircraft maintenance and inspection

New carriers are entering the market and the maintenance systems of carriers are becoming more diversified, with some carriers subcontracting the management of maintenance to other companies. In order to improve inspections in such an environment, the government will work to improve the quality of maintenance inspectors through training programs and revise the operating procedures for safety audits. It will also establish a dedicated auditing organization to strengthen the surveillance and supervision of carriers' maintenance systems and, at the same time, improve the maintenance-auditing function in order to address the increase in the number of new carriers.
平成元年度決算参照

# 平 成 元 年 度 歲 入 決 算 明 細 書 平 成 元 年 度 各 省 各 庁 歲 出 決 算 報 告 書 平 成 元 年 度 一 般 会 計 継 続 費 決 算 報 告 書 平 成 元 年 度 一 般 会 計 国 の 債 務 に 関 す る 計 算 書 旧 臨 時 軍 事 費 特 別 会 計 歲 入 歲 出 整 理 額 計 算 書 平 成 元 年 度 農 業 近 代 化 助 成 資 金 の 增 減 及 び 現 在 額 計 算 書 平 成 元 年 度 決 算 調 整 資 金 の 增 減 及 び 現 在 額 計 算 書

(第 120 回 国 会 提 出)
## 目次

平成元年度歳入決算明細書 ___ 1

## 平成元年度各省各庁歳出決算報告書

皇室费 53
国会所管 57
裁判所管 73
会计检查院所管 83
内阁所管 89
総理府所管 97
法務省所管 193
外務省所管 217
大蔵省所管 227
文部省所管 247
厚生省所管 273
農林水産省所管 311
通商産業省所管 381
運輸省所管 415
郵政省所管 457
労働省所管 469
建設省所管 …… 487
自治省所管 …… 515
平成元年度一般会计継続費決算報告書
総理府所管 …… 529
平成元年度一般会计国の債務に関する計算書 …… 533
旧臨時軍事費特別会計歳入歳出整理額計算書 …… 579
平成元年度農業近代化助成資金の増減及び現在額計算書 …… 589
平成元年度決算調整資金の増減及び現在額計算書 …… 593
(参考)
コード番号について …… 597
( 1 )

平成元年度一般会計歳入決算明細書
平成元年度一般会计歳入決算明細書
歳 入 予 算 額	徵 収 決 定 歳 額(円)	収 納 歳 額(円)	不 納 欠 損 額(円)	収 納 未 歳 額(円)	歳入予算額と収納歳入額との差(△は減)(円)
当 初 予 算 額(円)	予算補正追加額予算補正修正減少額(△)	合 計(円)
60,414,194,091,000	6,547,699,745,000650,002,424,000	66,311,891,412,000	67,248,850,861,825	67,247,822,580,624	259,285,909	768,995,292	935,931,168,624
歳入決算部款項目別表
部 款 項 目	歳 入 予 算 額(円)	徵 収 決 定 歳 額(円)	収 納 歳 額(円)	不 納 欠 損 額(円)	収 納 未 歳 額(円)	歳入予算額と収納歳入額との差(△は減)(円)
1000-00 租 税 及 印 紙 収 入	54,227,000,000,000	54,921,816,996,305	54,921,816,996,305	0	0	694,816,996,305
1100-00 租 税	52,378,000,000,000	53,096,746,331,062	53,096,746,331,062	0	0	718,746,331,062
1101-00 所 得 税	20,057,000,000,000	21,381,514,977,577	21,381,514,977,577	0	0	1,324,514,977,577
1101-01 源 泉 所 得 税	15,020,000,000,000	15,308,729,817,255	15,308,729,817,255	0	0	288,729,817,255
1101-02 申 告 所 得 税	5,037,000,000,000	6,072,785,160,322	6,072,785,160,322	0	0	1,035,785,160,322
1102-00 法 人 税
1102-01 法 人 税	19,577,000,000,000	18,993,327,397,151	18,993,327,397,151	0	0	△	583,672,602,849
1103-00 相 统 税
1103-01 相 统 税	1,907,000,000,000	2,017,744,294,006	2,017,744,294,006	0	0	110,744,294,006
1120-00 消 費 税
1120-01 消 費 税	3,618,000,000,000	3,269,939,114,295	3,269,939,114,295	0	0	△	348,060,885,705
1104-00 酒 税
1104-01 酒 税	1,801,000,000,000	1,786,117,643,704	1,786,117,643,704	0	0	△	14,882,356,296
1118-00 た は こ 税
1118-01 た は こ 税	932,000,000,000	961,166,445,006	961,166,445,006	0	0	29,166,445,006
1106-00 揮 発 油 税
( 4 ) 一般会計歳入決算明細書

部・款・項・目	歳入予算額(円)	徴収決定済額(円)	収納済歳入額(円)	不納欠損額(円)	収納未済歳入額(円)	歳入予算額と収納済歳入額との差(△は減)(円)
1106-01 揮 発 油 税	1,365,000,000,000	1,465,304,969,448	1,465,304,969,448	0	0	100,304,969,448
1170-00 石油 ガス 税
1107-01 石油 ガス 税	17,000,000,000	15,826,682,653	15,826,682,653	0	0	△ 1,173,317,347
1117-00 航空機燃料税
1117-01 航空機燃料税	59,000,000,000	61,235,706,353	61,235,706,353	0	0	2,235,706,353
1154-00 石油 税
1154-01 石油 税	438,000,000,000	473,245,328,109	473,245,328,109	0	0	35,245,328,109
1110-00 取引所税
1110-01 取引所税	46,000,000,000	45,639,634,700	45,639,634,700	0	0	△ 360,365,300
1111-00 有価証券取引税
1111-01 有価証券取引税	1,234,000,000,000	1,233,104,965,536	1,233,104,965,536	0	0	△ 895,034,464
1116-00 自動車重量税
1116-01 自動車重量税	559,000,000,000	578,894,109,609	578,894,109,609	0	0	19,894,109,609
1114-00 関税
1114-01 関税	759,000,000,000	804,871,340,237	804,871,340,237	0	0	45,871,340,237
1115-00 とん税
1115-01 とん税	9,000,000,000	8,809,588,044	8,809,588,044	0	0	△ 190,411,956
1150-00 旧税
1150-01 旧税	0	4,134,634	4,134,634	0	0	4,134,634
1200-00 印紙収入
1201-00 印紙収入	1,849,000,000,000	1,825,070,665,243	1,825,070,665,243	0	0	△ 23,929,334,757
1201-01 収入印紙紙金	1,554,000,000,000	1,643,953,397,377	1,643,953,397,377	0	0	89,953,397,377
1201-02 現金収入	295,000,000,000	181,117,267,866	181,117,267,866	0	0	△ 113,882,732,134
2000-00 専売納付金
2200-00 アルコール専売事業特別会計納付金
2201-00 アルコール専売事業特別会計納付金
2201-01 アルコール専売事業特別会計納付金	7,707,069,000	9,504,069,377	9,504,069,377	0	0	1,797,000,377