active efforts to provide ODA-related information to the international community including other donors through holding of various symposiums and seminars and on websites as well as through regular diplomatic channels and international conferences.

### 3. Matters Essential to Effective Implementation

## (1) Enhancement of Evaluation

For the effective and Efficient implementation of ODA, it is important to Accurately understand the Progress and effectiveness of its implementation in making necessary improvements. For this purpose, ministries related to ODA including MOfA, and implementing agencies such as JICA and JBIC conduct ODA monitoring and evaluation. In the past, most evaluations were conducted on individual ODA projects. Nowadays, they also evaluate ODA activities as a whole conducted in one sector or in one country in addition to individual ODA projects, because the assistance strategies for sectors and countries have been increasingly important in recent years.

In fiscal year 2003, Japan conducted country assistance evaluations of Japanese ODA to India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Jordan. The three major points examined in the evaluation were: (1) the extent to which Japan's assistance policy is consistent with the needs of the ODA recipient countries; (2) the effectiveness of the assistance policy; and (3) the appropriateness of the implementation process of assistance policy. In Country Assistance Evaluation for India, it was revealed that the sectors prioritized for assistance were those in which the need of the recipient country is generally high, with good ODA input performance. However, the evaluation also found that there are sections with few requests from the recipient country and few ODA input. Based on these findings, it was recommended for Japan to revise its priority sectors in Country Assistance Policy to India. In response to these recommendations, the government has been preparing a Country Assistance Programs to India, while reviewing the priority sectors. As for the Country Assistance Evaluation of Jordan, it became the first to be commissioned to the External Advisory Meeting on ODA Evaluation.

Regarding evaluations on priority issues, an evaluation was conducted on the Okinawa Infectious Disease Initiative (IDI), adopted at the Kyushu-Okinawa Summit in 2000. The points examined in the evaluation were: (1) the consistency between IDI and international efforts against infectious diseases; (2) the appropriateness and efficiency of the formulation and implementation process of IDI; and (3) the effectiveness of IDI. Based on the results of the evaluation, it was concluded that the significance of IDI was considerable. Japan's announcement of a concrete financial contribution to combat infections diseases has facilitated the increase in political involvement of the international community in combating infectious diseases. It was recommended that human resource development be enforced, for those who can push forward global-scale measures against infectious diseases.

Regarding sector-specific evaluations of Japanese ODA,

IDI (Okinawa Infectious Disease Initiative) evaluation seminar

evaluation was conducted on Japan's assistive to the education sector of Senegal, the infrastructure development sector of Papua New Guinea, and the water resources development sector of Morocco. The points examined in the evaluation include (1) the extent to which Japanese ODA for the sector reflected the needs of recipient countries; and (2) the effectiveness of ODA. Based on the evaluation results, it was recommended that it was necessary to correctly understand the changing needs of recipient countries for an accurate implementation of ODA, and also that a system be established to monitor the effects of projects.

With regard to project evaluations, ex-post evaluation is conducted on every implemented projects funded by Yen loans, from the view points of the feasibility of the plan, the efficiency of the implementation, and the effectiveness and impact of the project. For example, a third-party evaluation was conducted on the effects and impact of the Small Scale Irrigation Management Project (II) carried out in Indonesia, which was a project designed to assist farmers raise their income levels and reduce poverty by developing small-scale irrigation systems that would enable the increase in crop production. The results of the evaluation revealed that the project contributed to an increase in agricultural production, which led to a rise in the living standards of beneficiary farmers. However, recommendation was made to enforce guidance and practice of farm management and marketing for beneficiary farmers and water user associations, in consideration of the