in marine species in Fukushima Prefecture and other prefectures in the vicinity. As a result, the seawater dose rates continue to be lower than that of immediately after the accident at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS. On the other hand, ocean soil dose rate is still mostly higher than that of before the accident. Also, it is seen that the ocean soil dose rates vary with time and place, and spread over large areas. Because of the rise of public concern over the impact of radioactive materials on ocean soil and marine organisms in the area where rivers flow into ocean and in the vicinity, it is scheduled that ocean motoring will be strengthened and expanded in FY 2012.

Schools were also monitored by installing compact-size-dosimeters equipped with a data transfer function. A real-time radiation monitoring system in which measured data could be transferred to relevant organizations via the Internet was newly established. Furthermore, the air dose rate was measured in schools where relatively high levels of radiation doses had been observed previously in Fukushima Prefecture. In addition, integrating dosimeters were distributed to all schools in Fukushima Prefecture, which made it possible to ascertain the amount of radiation-effecting school officials including students.

## (2) Ports, airports, parks, and sewerage

The central government, local governments, and other related organizations measured air dose rates in ports and harbors and also in major airports, as well as radioactive concentrations in the ocean, in the Tohoku and Kanto regions. The density of radioactive iodine and radioactive cesium was also measured in Tokyo Bay, the Uraga

Table 2-4-1 Monitoring and Measurement System for Radioactive Materials

Monitoring target	Ministry in charge of summarizing information¹	Measurement conducted and help offered²	Analysis conducted³
Environmental monitoring, (e.g., soil, water, air, etc.), airborne, ocean area, schools, and public facilities	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Independent corporations under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan Coast Guard Meteorological Research Institute*, Japan Meteorological Agency, Technical Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense Local governments Nuclear business operators Public inspection institutes Private inspection institutes
Responding to areas other than the above	○ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Fisheries Agency (ocean area), Japan Coast Guard (ocean area), Meteorological Research Institute(ocean area), Local governments
Defense (airborne, ocean area)⁴ Reconstruction Agency⁵, Nuclear business operators
Ports, airports, parks, sewage water, etc.	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (summarize while obtaining information from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ On-site countermeasures headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Independent corporations under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Local governments Nuclear business operators Public inspection institutes Private inspection institutes
Responding to areas other than the above	○ Local governments etc.
Ministry of Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Water environments (rivers, ponds, reservoir areas, groundwater etc., natural parks (springs, wild plants and animals, zoological and botanical gardens), waste etc.	Ministry of the Environment	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Independent corporations under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Independent corporations under the Ministry of the Environment Local governments Nuclear business operators Public inspection institutes Private inspection institutes
Responding to areas other than the above	○ Ministry of the Environment○ Local governments
Nuclear business operators, etc.
Agricultural land, soil, forest land, and pasture etc.	Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Independent corporations under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Independent corporations under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Local governments Nuclear business operators Public inspection institutes Private inspection institutes
Responding to areas other than the above○ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan○ Local governments
Foods (agricultural, forestry, pasture, fishery etc.)	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Independent corporations under the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Independent corporations under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Local governments Public inspection institutes, etc.
Responding to areas other than the above	○ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan○ Local governments, etc.
National Tax Agency,⁶ etc.
Water	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare	Responding to areas around the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS○ Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Participation by ministries, local governments, and nuclear business operators)	Local governments Water business operators Public inspection institutes, etc.
Responding to areas other than the above○ Local governments○ Water and other business operators

$ ^{*} $ Meteorological Research Institute works in close cooperation with relevant ministries as an analytical institute.

1 As to implement monitoring at monitoring target, organized research and analysis and integrated announcement and planning are required. 2 Radiation dose measurement, taking samples, entrusting transportation and measurements to the private sector. 3 Institutes able to analyze nuclides.

4 Ministry of Defense provides support as necessary by using aircraft and ships in cooperation with relevant ministries and agencies.

5 The Reconstruction Agency works in close cooperation with relevant ministries and agencies for the reconstruction of infrastructure and general coordination for the returning home of residents in evacuation directive areas.

6 National Tax Agency works in close cooperation with relevant ministries for alcoholic beverage monitoring among food monitoring since they are responsible for the office work to secure alcoholic beverage safety.

Source: Comprehensive Monitoring Project (August 2, 2011)

Channel, and in the vicinity of the Channel, and the results were analyzed.

The radioactive materials contained in drainage, sludge, and so on were also measured by municipalities and subsequently analyzed. Fukushima Prefecture measured the air dose rate in all parks in the prefecture and tourist facilities including mountain districts.

## (3) Aquatic environments, natural parks, and waste

Since the end of August 2011, water quality and bottom sediment in aquatic environments including rivers, lakes, swamps, water source areas, and bathing areas have been surveyed periodically to measure radioactive materials, in Fukushima Prefecture and nearby prefectures such as Iwate, Yamagata, Miyagi, Ibaragi, Tochigi, Gunma, and Chiba. The quality of groundwater has also been monitored in the same area since October of the same year. The results were as follows: radioactive iodine was not detected both in water and in bottom sediment; in water, radioactive cesium was not detected in almost all area (maximum value was 2Bq/L in surveys carried out on February and March 2012); and, in bottom sediment, radioactive cesium was detected in the wide area. Radioactive cesium in bottom sediment was mostly less than about 2,000Bq/kg; however, high values, exceeding 100,000 Bq/kg (dried mud) were detected in some areas, such as rivers, lakes or water source within a 20-kilometer radius TEPCO Fukushima NPS. Rivers mostly showed the downward trend of measured value, while a small number of areas, such as river mouths, showed upward trend. In lakes and coasts, the rise and fall of measured value did not show any trend.

Also, since October 2011, radioactive material in groundwater has been monitored periodically in these areas. In October and November 2011, surveys were carried out at 433 locations in Miyagi, Yamagata, Fukushima and Tochigi Prefecture. The results were as follows: radioactive iodine was not detected at any locations; and radioactive cesium was also not detected except Fukushima Prefecture where 1Bq/L was detected at two locations. From January to March 2012, surveys were carried out at 588 locations in eight prefectures, which were Iwate Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture and five prefectures described above. As the result of these, both radioactive iodine and radioactive cesium were not detected.

Furthermore, in order to dispel uncertainties regarding radioactive level in the bathing beach areas, a guideline for bathing areas was established which should guide municipality to determine the possibility of opening the bathing areas to the public by indicating the level of the water quality.

In order to investigate the radiation effect on wild fauna and flora, Ministry of the Environment will continuously keep obtaining samples of plant seeds and rats in vicinity of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS, and will analyze the result collaborating with research institutions. As long-time research over several generations is required, considering better means of monitoring is necessary in cooperation with research institutes and academic experts.

## (4) Monitoring plans for agricultural land, forests, and pasturage

On August 30, 2011, under the initiative of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the density of radioactive cesium was measured at 580 farmland locations in six prefectures including Fukushima, and a density distribution map based on the results was made public. Furthermore, on March 23, 2012, another map was made public, which covered a wider area, including an increase in the number of measured locations up to 3,400 in 15 prefectures. For forestry areas, the air dose rate, disposition of organic materials, and radioactive cesium density in soil were measured at 391 locations in Fukushima Prefecture and the results were publicly disclosed in the form of a distribution chart on March 1, 2012. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries will make effective use of the chart in farmland and forestry decontamination, as well as in agricultural production fields.

## (5) Monitoring food products

On March 11, 2011, the declaration of a nuclear emergency situation was issued. On March 17, in response to the situation, notification was sent to prefectural governors, mayors of cities with health centers, and mayors of special wards regarding guidelines for handling food products contaminated with radiation. In terms of the Food Sanitation Act, the index value stated in the disaster-prevention measures for nuclear facilities from the Nuclear Safety Committee was adopted as a provisional standard. Food products that exceeded the standard were to be handled based on Article 6 Item 2 of the Food Sanitation Act. Sufficient initiatives were ordered to ensure that such food products were not to be sold for human consumption.

Food products in which radioactive materials were detected in excess of the standard were withdrawn and disposed of. Also, in the event that the spread of radioactive contamination was found in any given area, the shipment and consumption of foods produced in that area were restricted by the Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters based on nuclear emergency response special countermeasures. After the first restriction of shipments on March 21, other shipments of food (e.g., milk, vegetables, grains, fishery products, and meats) contaminated with excessive levels of radiation were strictly blocked based on the policy, and were detected by the monitoring that was implemented.

This temporary regulation values had been formulated as an emergency response immediately after the accident; therefore, from the perspective of further safety and security of food, new regulation values were figured in order to secure long term. It has come into effect as from April 1, 2012.