Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Language	First Name	Last Name	Sex	Type of Services	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call M-F 8am-10am and 6pm-8pm or Su 10am-8pm.	Comments
Spanish, Hebrew, French	Jonathan	Levin	M	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call M-F 8am-10am and 6pm-8pm or Su 10am-8pm.	(H) 301-530-3506
Spanish, Portuguese	Dimas	Chavez	M	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call M-F 8:15am-5pm at work or after 6pm at home.	(H) 301-424-5607; (W) 703-875-6555
Spanish, Portuguese	Miriam	Chavez	F	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call M-F 8:30am-4:30pm at work. Call home M-F after 6:30pm, Sa 9:30am-5pm, or Su 10am-5pm.	(H) 301-424-5607; (W) 202-623-1005; (E) miriane@iadb.org
Spanish, Portuguese	W. Donald	Hickman	M	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person. Call M-W-Sa 8am-4pm except Jan-Mar &amp; last half Nov.	(H) 301-946-5773
Spanish, Portuguese	Ruben E.	Padro	M	Crisis OK	Available by phone and in person with advance notice anytime.	(H) 301-598-7011; (Fax) 301-598-3983
Spanish, Portuguese, French	Hannah	Gershon	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person. Call Su-Th anytime.	(H) 301-649-3963
Spanish, Portuguese, French	Carlos	Gois	M	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice Jan-May and Aug-Oct anytime.	(H) 301-229-8352; (E) carlosqq@AOL.com

Page 16 of 18

Language Bank Volunteer Phone List 3/29/00
Language	First Name	Last Name	Sex	Type of Services	Available by phone or in person with advance notice Jan-May and Aug-Oct anytime.	Comments
Spanish, Portuguese, Guaran	Nilda	Cruikshank	F	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call daily 8am-8pm.	(H) 301-229-2952
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French,	Gigliola	Tatge	F	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call daily 8am-8pm.	(H) 301-229-2952
Swahili, French, Lingala, etc.	Athanase T.	Kabundji	M	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call Tuesday, Wed, Thur 10am-3pm.	(H) 301-564-0640
Taiwanese, Chinese	A-Li	Hu	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call Tuesday, Wed, Thur 10am-3pm.	(H) 301-564-0640
Taiwanese, Chinese (Mandarin)	Iris	Yu	F	Non-Crisis	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call Tuesday, Wed, Thur 10am-3pm.	(W) 301-517-4129
Tamil, Hindi, Sign Language (ASL)	Shanthi	Subramanian	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call Tuesday, Wed, Thur 10am-3pm.	(H) 301-229-0729
Thai, Laotian, Vietnamese	Sophia	Nguyen	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice. Call Tuesday, Wed, Thur 10am-3pm.	(H) 301-515-7461

Page 17 of 18

Language Bank Volunteer Phone List 3/29/00
Language	First Name	Last Name	Sex	Type of Services	Available by phone or in person with one day notice. Call before 7pm.	Comments
Urdu, Hindi, Braille(Hindi, English)	Yasmin	Reyazuddin	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with one day notice. Call before 7pm.	(H) 301-949-6685
Vietnamese	Huong	Nguyen	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with one day notice. Call before 7pm.	(R) 301-655-3066
Vietnamese	Cristina	Radi	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with one day notice. Call before 7pm.	(H) 301-309-2372; (W) 301-504-3173
Vietnamese, Laotian, Thai	Sophia	Nguyen	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice anytime.	(H) 301-515-7461
Vietnamese, French	Huan	Phan	M	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice anytime.	(H) 301-622-4516
Vietnamese, French	Tin	Tran	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person with advance notice anytime.	(H) 301-299-3283
West Africa (Ghana): Twi, Ga, Shanti, Fant; & Ewe	Elfrida	Nyarko	F	Crisis OK	Available by phone or in person. Call M-F after 9pm, Sa-Su anytime at home. Call work ONLY for emergencies.	(H) 301-670-1974; (W) 301-517-2278 only in emergency

Page 18 of 18

Language Bank Volunteer Phone List 3/29/00
## 第 2 連合王国における実地調査関係資料

資料 1 ① 人種・罪名別逮捕人員の構成比

② 人種・収容事由・年齢層・罪名・刑期別刑務所収容人員

③—1 人種・年齢層・男女・罪名別保護観察命令開始人員構成比

③—2 人種・年齢層・男女・罪名別社会奉仕命令開始人員構成比

③—3 人種・年齢層・男女・罪名別結合命令開始人員構成比

資料 2 ILPS の資料, グリーンウィッチ地区及びレウイッシャム地区の Black Self Development & Educational Attainment Groupwork Programme(BSDEAG)の要約版

資料 3 ILPS の資料, INTERPRETERS IN ILPS A Brief Analysis of the Monitoring Forms Received in 1999, 2000

資料4 Language Line のパンフレット及びホームページの一部

資料 5 ILPS の資料, CULTURAL AWARENESS BRIEFING THE VIETNAMIESE COMMUNITY のタイムスケジュール表

資料 6 Middlesex Probation Service の資料，判決前調査のフォーム

資料 7 Middlesex Probation Service の資料, Foreign Nationals Unit のミッションステートメント

資料8 Middlesex Probation Service の資料，難民及び保護申請者の在留資格を理解するためのフローチャート

資料 9 Middlesex Probation Service の資料，犯罪で刑事司法システムに乗ることと退去強制との関係を理解するためのフローチャート

資料 10 Middlesex Probation Service の資料，受刑者の移送に関する国際協定を連合王国と有している国の一覧
資料 1 ①人種別・罪名別逮捕人員の構成比

Table 5.5 Arrests for notifiable offences by offence and ethnic appearance 1999/2000

offence group	Ethnic appearance of person arrested	Total (100%)
White	Black	Asian	Other	Not known
England and Wales
Violence against the person	87.2%	7.2%	4.0%	1.0%	0.7%	221,503
Sexual offences	82.9%	9.0%	5.4%	1.5%	1.2%	20,862
Robbery	65.1%	28.2%	5.0%	1.2%	0.6%	24,351
Burglary	90.8%	6.0%	2.0%	0.5%	0.7%	89,783
Theft and handling	88.7%	6.4%	3.2%	0.9%	0.8%	388,369
Fraud and forgery	76.7%	12.4%	8.2%	1.6%	1.0%	38,312
Criminal damage	91.4%	4.8%	2.4%	0.6%	0.7%	118,285
Drugs	84.3%	9.2%	5.1%	0.8%	0.6%	104,045
Other	85.9%	6.7%	5.4%	0.7%	1.3%	272,990
Total	87.0%	7.3%	4.0%	0.8%	0.9%	1,278,500
Table 7.5 Prison population by ethnic group, type of prisoner, age group, offence group and sentence length 30 June 1999

White	Black	Asian	Other	Not known	Total
Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Total(1)	52,377	100	7,964	100	1,929	100	2,225	100	34	100	64,529	100
Total remand	10,240	20	1,564	20	316	17	464	23	5	15	12,589	20
Untried	6,246	12	1,122	14	222	12	338	17	4	12	7,932	12
Convicted unsentenced	3,994	8	442	6	94	5	126	6	1	3	4,657	7
Sentenced	41,944	80	6,229	80	1,521	83	1,570	77	29	85	5,1293	80
Age group
Aged 15-17	1,943	4	376	5	50	3	68	3	0	0	2,437	4
Aged 18-20	6,397	12	1,043	13	238	12	227	10	3	9	7,908	12
Aged 21-24	9,241	18	1,350	17	436	23	417	19	4	12	11,448	18
Aged 25-29	10,549	20	1,390	17	461	24	465	21	4	12	12,869	20
Aged over 30	24,247	46	3,805	48	744	39	1,048	47	23	68	29,867	46
Total	52,377	100	7,964	100	1,929	100	2,225	100	34	100	64,529	100
Offence group(2)
Violence against the person	9,089	22	1,104	18	370	24	283	18	12	41	10,858	21
Sexual offences	4,251	10	454	7	119	8	122	8	0	0	4,946	10
Burglary	7,953	19	628	10	84	6	112	7	3	10	8,780	17
Robbery	4,691	11	1,316	21	159	10	161	10	4	14	6,331	12
Theft and handling	3,881	9	329	5	105	7	94	6	2	7	4,411	9
Fraud and forgery	778	2	146	2	102	7	77	5	1	3	1,104	2
Drugs offences	5,567	13	1,733	28	356	23	507	32	6	21	8,169	16
Other offences	4,707	11	354	6	173	11	164	10	0	0	5,398	11
Not recorded	1,027	2	165	3	53	3	50	3	1	3	1,296	3
Total	41,944	100	6,229	100	1,521	100	1,570	100	29	100	51,293	100
Sentence length
Young offenders
Up to 12 months	1,794	4	118	2	50	3	49	3	1	3	2,012	4
Over 12 months	4,976	12	996	16	198	13	142	9	5	17	6,317	12
All young offenders	6770	16	1,114	18	248	16	191	12	6	21	8,329	16
Adults
Up to 12 months	4,897	12	402	6	123	8	156	10	0	0	5,578	11
Over 12 months and
up to 4 years	12,732	30	1,384	22	423	28	369	24	7	24	14,915	29
Over 4 years	17,545	42	3,329	53	727	48	854	54	16	55	22,471	44
All adults	35,174	84	5,115	82	1,273	84	1,379	88	23	79	42,964	84
Total	41,944	100	6,229	100	1,521	100	1,570	100	29	100	51,293	100

(1) Excludes 548 non-criminal prisoners and 99 fine defaulters

(2) Excludes fine defaulters.
③-1 人種別・年齡層別・男女別・罪名別保護觀察命令開始人員構成比

Table 7.1 Offenders starting probation orders by ethnic group (1)

England and Wales 1998/99	Number of persons and percentage
Black	South Asian (2)	Other minority ethnic group	All minority ethnic groups	White	All recorded ethnic groups	Ethnic group not recorded %	All offenders
(a) by age and sex
Males
16	5.8	1.4	1.4	8.6	91.4	278	12.6	318
17	5.1	1.1	1.6	7.8	92.2	1,484	11.9	1,684
18 - 20	4.8	2.1	1.7	8.6	91.4	7,147	5.9	7,593
21 - 29	4.0	1.6	1.5	7.0	93.0	16,105	5.5	17,051
30 plus	4.8	1.2	1.6	7.5	92.5	15,021	6.9	16,141
Females
16	7.3	-	3.6	10.9	89.1	55	14.1	64
17	2.4	0.8	2.4	5.5	94.5	253	12.2	288
18 - 20	4.3	0.9	1.7	6.9	93.1	1,640	8.3	1,788
21 - 29	5.0	0.8	1.2	7.0	93.0	3,996	6.8	4,289
30 plus	4.9	0.5	1.5	6.9	93.1	4,071	7.3	4,391
All persons	4.5	1.3	1.5	7.4	92.6	50,050	6.6	53,607
Population 18 to 54 in 1996 - 1998(LFS) (%)	2.2	3.4	1.4	7.0	93.0
(b) by offence
Violence against the person:	4.9	1.1	1.5	7.5	92.5	5,120	7.5	5,536
Sexual offence	2.3	2.7	1.9	6.9	93.1	788	9.3	869
Burglary:	4.4	0.8	1.4	6.5	93.5	4,255	6.9	4,570
Robbery:	15.0	1.6	3.1	19.7	80.3	193	17.2	233
Theft and handling stolen goods	4.6	1.2	1.6	7.4	92.6	13,888	6.4	14,833
Fraud and forgery	6.3	2.2	1.9	10.4	89.6	2,365	7.7	2,562
Criminal damage	3.2	0.8	0.8	4.7	95.3	1,329	6.9	1,428
Drugs offences	4.3	1.7	1.5	7.6	92.4	3,138	6.6	3,360
Other indictable offences	3.4	1.0	1.6	6.1	93.9	3,609	7.0	3,882
Summary offences	4.5	1.6	1.5	7.6	92.4	15,365	5.9	16,334
All offences	4.5	1.3	1.5	7.4	92.6	50,050	6.6	53,607

2) Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi.

1) 22 areas were unable to provide meaningful figures for 1998/99. 1997/98 figures are included for 12 of those areas and 1996/97 figures for the other 10 areas. (See Table 7.6)
③-2 人種別・年齡層別・男女別・罪名別社会奉仕命令開始人員構成比

Table 7.2 Offenders starting community service orders by ethnic group (1)

England and Wales 1998/99	Number of persons and percentage
Black	South Asian (2)	Other minority ethnic group	All minority ethnic groups	White	All recorded ethnic groups	Ethnic group not recorded %	All offenders
(a) by age and sex
Males
16	4.5	2.6	2.0	9.0	91.0	965	20.6	1,216
17	4.5	2.7	2.1	9.4	90.6	2,050	15.0	2,413
18 - 20	4.2	3.8	2.0	10.0	90.0	7,971	9.0	8,759
21 - 29	5.2	3.1	2.0	10.3	89.7	15,396	8.6	16,844
30 plus	6.9	1.8	1.8	10.4	89.6	13,086	9.1	14,402
Females
16	8.0	-	1.3	9.3	90.7	75	24.2	99
17	1.4	0.7	0.7	2.9	97.1	139	14.2	162
18 - 20	5.9	1.3	1.6	8.8	91.2	639	10.8	716
21 - 29	7.9	1.2	1.8	10.8	89.2	1,476	8.5	1,613
30 plus	6.5	0.8	1.3	8.6	91.4	1,852	8.3	2,020
All persons	5.6	2.6	1.9	10.1	89.9	43,649	9.5	48,244
Population 18 to 54 in 1996 - 1998(LFS) (%)	2.2	3.4	1.4	7.0	93.0
(b) by offence
Violence against the person	5.0	2.7	1.6	9.3	90.7	5,637	10.0	6,261
Sexual offence	6.6	7.3	4.0	17.9	82.1	151	11.2	170
Burglary	3.3	1.5	1.7	6.5	93.5	3,092	9.4	3,412
Robbery	20.5	7.5	3.1	31.1	68.9	161	13.0	185
Theft and handling stolen goods	4.9	2.2	1.9	9.0	91.0	9,264	9.2	10,202
Fraud and forgery	10.9	4.3	3.3	18.4	81.6	3,012	8.9	3,307
Criminal damage	3.4	0.8	2.1	6.2	93.8	776	10.2	864
Drugs offences	6.6	1.9	1.2	9.7	90.3	2,391	9.7	2,649
Other indictable offences	4.6	3.3	1.7	9.6	90.4	4,555	10.3	5,080
Summary offences	5.7	2.7	1.9	10.3	89.7	14,610	9.3	16,114
All offences	5.6	2.6	1.9	10.1	89.9	43,649	9.5	48,244

1) 22 areas were unable to provide meaningful figures for 1998/99. 1997/98 figures are included for 12 of those areas and 1996/97 figures for the other 10 areas. (See Table 7.6)

2) Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi.
③-3 人種別・年齡層別・男女別・罪名別結合命令開始人員構成比

Table 7.3 Offenders starting combination orders by ethnic group (1)

Black	South Asian (2)	Other minority ethnic group	All minority ethnic groups	White	All recorded ethnic groups	Ethnic group not recorded %	All offenders
(a) by age and sex
Males
16	5.4	2.8	2.2	10.4	89.6	317	8.6	347
17	4.7	1.3	1.6	7.6	92.4	854	7.6	924
18 - 20	4.4	2.3	1.6	8.2	91.8	3,540	4.8	3,718
21 - 29	4.7	2.4	1.7	8.8	91.2	6,537	4.1	6,816
30 plus	6.6	2.0	1.4	10.0	90.0	4,893	4.7	5,132
Females
16	6.9	3.4	6.9	17.2	82.8	29	9.4	32
17	3.5	-	3.5	7.0	93.0	57	8.1	62
18 - 20	9.7	1.6	0.3	11.5	88.5	321	5.6	340
21 - 29	6.6	2.3	1.3	10.2	89.8	617	4.2	644
30 plus	11.0	0.1	1.0	12.1	87.9	702	3.7	729
All persons	5.6	2.1	1.6	9.2	90.8	17,867	4.7	18,744
Population 18 to 54 in 1996 - 1998(LFS) (%)	2.2	3.4	1.4	7.0	93.0
(b) by offence
Violence against the person	4.8	1.7	1.7	8.2	91.8	2,029	5.0	2,135
Sexual offence	3.3	7.6	-	10.9	89.1	92	5.2	97
Burglary	3.2	1.3	1.2	5.7	94.3	2,058	5.3	2,173
Robbery	18.6	6.0	2.4	26.9	73.1	167	10.2	186
Theft and handling stolen goods	5.2	1.8	1.6	8.6	91.4	3,280	4.1	3,420
Fraud and forgery	13.1	3.7	2.3	19.1	80.9	747	6.3	797
Criminal damage	3.3	0.6	0.9	4.8	95.2	330	3.8	343
Drugs offences	7.1	2.5	2.3	11.8	88.2	973	5.2	1,026
Other indictable offences	3.6	1.8	1.4	6.8	93.2	1,532	4.9	1,611
Summary offences	5.9	2.4	1.5	9.7	90.3	6,659	4.3	6,956
All offences	5.6	2.1	1.6	9.2	90.8	17,867	4.7	18,744

2) Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi.

1) 22 areas were unable to provide meaningful figures for 1998/99. 1997/98 figures are included for 12 of those areas and 1996/97 figures for the other 10 areas. (See Table 7.6)
資料 2 ILPS の資料，グリーンウィッチ地区及びレウィッシャム地区の Black Self Development & Educational Attainment Groupwork Programme(BSDEAG)の要約版

## EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Greenwich and Lewisham Black Self Development & Educational Attainment Groupwork Programme (BSDEAG)

This paper describes the thinking behind the Greenwich and Lewisham Black Self-Development and Educational Attainment Groupwork programme (BSDEAG) for black offenders and the extent to which the first 4 groups realised its aims. It also considers some of the organisational issues that arose during the development process. For the purpose of this programme black is used in a political sense to include people from African-Caribbean, African, Asian and black British backgrounds, or in fact, anyone who would define themselves as not being white.

## The Model of Change

Though black self-development groups have been running in ILPS for a number of years the Greenwich and Lewisham's BSDEAG sought to augment the scope of this work by combining an education, training and employment (ETE) element with the promotion of self-awareness and the development of social skills. The rationale underlying the group is based on the premise that exposure to the, often subtle, effects of racism leads many black people to feel alienated from, or marginal to, the larger society. If individuals internalise racist attitudes this can damage their perception of themselves and this may, in turn, have implications for their behaviour. The group, therefore, attempts to address offending behaviour by working through a process which starts with an examination of oppression related matters such as social exclusion and discrimination, then seeks to move individuals on to looking at how their own beliefs may relate to their general position in society, to their own behaviour and, in particular, to their offending behaviour. In this way the societal is related to the individual.

The approach draws upon control theory which argues that factors such as the existence of meaningful roles and relationships, a sense of belonging and identity, goal orientation, the ability to tolerate frustration and a strong self-concept as a law abiding person predict non-offending behaviour far better than the presence of 'criminogenic' factors predict offending. The programme attempts to develop a positive black self-identity, a sense of responsibility to the larger group and provide positive images of black achievement. In order to achieve this goal it adopts a holistic perspective that incorporates a number of different approaches, cognitive, humanistic and the development of both ETE and social skills. An equal value is placed on the affective, cognitive and behavioural aspects of the individual. As integral parts of the programme, the ETE component and links with community organisations provide routes through which developing confidence and skills can be channelled.
## Organisation of the group

- The group lasts for 10 weeks. Attendance is two sessions a week, each lasting 3 hours with a 15 minute break.

• All facilitators are black.

- Attendance is not a condition of an order but it was made clear to participants that more than two absences would lead to exclusion from the group.

## Targeting

- Attendance at assessment open days was compulsory and allowed for offenders to decide whether the programme suited them and for officers to assess suitability for the group.

- Offender were only accepted if this group appeared most appropriate to their offending related needs. Black offenders with, for example, temper problems would be referred to anger management groups.

## Referral mechanisms

- Securing enough referrals is an ongoing problem. A lack of referrals constituted one reason for cancelling Group 3.

- Different methods of identifying potential group members were used to stimulate referrals.

- Mailing offenders directly led to more equal access to groupwork, independent of referring officer, than a policy of routine referral (inclusive referral).

## Obtaining managerial support

- The programme has called for funding for ongoing consultancy and training. This was initially paid for by Crossroads, the ETE provider, but is now financed by ILPS.

## Time issues

- Workload problems experienced by officers running earlier groups led to difficulties in finding sufficient time to adequately plan groups and fully familiarise themselves with the material.

## Profile of group participants

• A broad range of ages (18-38) attended the groups.

• 20% of referrals were female, all these started the groups and all completed

- The course material is perceived to be relevant by participants from a range of African and Afro-Caribbean backgrounds. Though these groups had no members with Asian background this is likely to reflect the ethnic composition of the locale.

- People committing violent offences accounted for almost half the number of people starting the group, although only half of these completed
- The majority of referrals were unemployed and required assistance with ETE matters.

- OGRS2 scores of those who both started and completed the group ranged from 17% to 98%. The mean was 54%.

## Attendance

• 22 black people started one of the 3 groups and 15 completed.

- As the courses ran the percentage of completers increased with the final course achieving a 100% completion rate

- Heavy time commitments required by the programme do not appear to affect completion.

## Programme Integrity

- Through continuous discussions between group leaders and the consultant responsible for overseeing the programme a decision was made to extend the programme to 20 sessions and alter the sequence of some sessions.

- A decision was made to introduce ETE sessions further into the programme than envisaged as participants initially needed more time to develop awareness and accept some responsibility for their behaviour before being introduced to those parts of the programme that involve identifying avenues for moving on, aspects that constituted an integral part of the ETE component.

## Feedback

- Feedback from offenders was very positive. Even areas singled out as in need of improvement tended to centre around how the work could be expanded over a longer period and extended to venues beyond the criminal justice system.

- Offending appears not central to participants’ sense of identity, suggesting possibilities of their being able to build a positive self-image in which continued offending does not feature.

- For many being in an all black group was a new experience which they found valuable and safe.

• Closeness between group members resulted in a sense of belonging and identity.

- Groupwork material appears relevant to the experience of group participants given the degree of enthusiasm and interest generated.

- Black history, an area often neglected in group members' previous experience had a significant impact.

- Sessions covering relationships, self-awareness, goal setting and the ETE components of the group were also singled out as useful.

- The cycle of change was perceived as a useful way of thinking about one’s experience.
## I ndications of change

- No psychometric test results were available to measure change. Equally reconviction data is not yet available.

- Given the background of many group members (heavy involvement with criminally inclined family or peers) any change achieved constituted a major achievement.

- Group members were able to use coursework materials to examine links between social factors and their own behaviour, past and future.

• Collective responsibility within the group was reported to be particularly strong.

- Group members were able to identify how skills involved in offending could be used in more constructive ways.

- It was reported that involvement in the group helped participants to develop new strategies for dealing with old predicaments.

## Evaluating the mode of delivery

- Group leaders were able to overcome any initial scepticism group members may have felt about the possibility of receiving a genuinely helpful intervention from a white dominated criminal justice organisation.

- Group leaders’ acute sensitivity to a broad range of group members’ needs were essential to the success of the programme.

## Recommendations

• Ensure continuing consultancy and training of all staff in black issues.

• Ensure accurate information concerning the programme is readily available.

- Consider using dedicated group-workers in order to address workload issues and facilitate the collection of data.

- Develop pre and post programme materials to fully prepare offenders for the group and to integrate the programme into the remainder of the order.

- Support the further development of the Delsol attitude questionnaire as an evaluation tool.

The model developed in Greenwich and Lewisham has now been adopted by other boroughs. We believe that their experience of running this group adequately demonstrates that providing separate provision for black offenders as by adopting a black perspective it can provide a framework within which group members can begin to understand the dynamics that link racism and their own their behaviour. In turn this process can provide a foundation upon which a sense of self, conducive to law-abiding behaviour can develop.
## EXECTIVE SUMMARY

Greenwich and Lewisham Black Self Development & Educational Attainment Groupwork Programme (BSDEAG) 全訳

本文書は黒人犯罪者に対するBSDEAGの背景にある考え方及びその目的を実現した最初の4つのグループがどこまで達成したのかを述べるものである。また、その発展過程において生じた組織面での問題もいくつか考察する。このプログラムの意図として、黒人とは、政策的な意味において、アフリカン・カリビアン、アフリカン、アジアン及びブラックブリティッシュ出身の者、あるいは、実際に自分自身を非白人とみなす者すべてを含む。

## 変化のモデル

長年にわたってロンドン保護観察所で実施されてきたblack self-development groupsを通じて, グリーンウィッチ及びレウィッシャムのBSDEAGは, 教育, 訓練及び雇用(ETE= education, training, and employment) という要素と, 自己への気付き(self-awareness) の促進や社会的技能の向上を組み合わせることにより, その作業の範囲を広げてきた。前提となる理論的根拠は, (しばしば手の込んだ) 人種主義の有りようにさらされることにより, 多くの黒人が社会から疎外されている, あるいは周辺に置かれていると感じるようになる, という仮説である。もしも個々が人種主義的な態度を内面化するようになれば, それは彼らの自己認識を傷付けたり, また今度は, 彼らの行動に影響したりするかもしれない。それゆえに, このグループは, 社会的排除や差別といった迫害に関連する出来事を吟味することから始め, 彼ら自身の信念が社会の中における彼らの位置, 行動, とりわけ犯罪行為にどのようにかかわっているかに目を向けるよう促す, というプロセスを通して, 犯罪行為に取り組もうとするものである。

このアプローチはコントロール理論を参考にしている。それは，意味ある役割や関係の存在，所属や同一性の感覚，目的志向，欲求不満耐性及び自分は法を守る人間であるという強い自己概念，といった要因の方が，「犯罪を起こしやすい」要因が犯罪を予測するより，ずっと良く非犯罪的な行動を予測するという議論である。このプログラムは，ポジティブな黒人の自己同一性と社会に対する責任感を発達させ，黒人の業績へのポジティブなイメージを与えようとするものである。この目的を達成するために，プログラムは，認知的，人道主義的，といった様々な異なるアプローチに，ETEや社会的技能の発達を組み合わせる全体論的な観点を採用した。個人の情緒，認知，行動の側面には均等に価値が置かれた。そして，プログラムの統合的な部分においては，ETEの要素やコミュニティ組織とのつながりが，自信や技能が発達する道筋を提供する。

## グループの組織

・ グループは10週間継続する。出席は週に2回であり，それぞれ15分の休憩をはさんだ3時間である。

・ファシリテーターは全員黒人である。

• 出席は命令ではないが，参加者は２回以上欠席するとグループからはずされることになるということを明確にされる。

## 对象

任意の日に行われるアセスメントへの出席は義務である。そして，犯罪者はプログラムが自分に適しているかどうかを決めることができるし，職員は対象者のグループへの適性を査定することがで