However, under the present circumstances, about three quarters of the heat amount generated by incineration is lost even with power generation and other uses of residual heat combined.

On the other hand, attempts to effectively use low-temperature hot water after electrical power generation with a heat-storing heat pump for regional air-conditioning systems are found. In order to increase such facilities it is effective to develop units which combine both heat supply and heat use.

### C. RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) has the following characteristics: it putrefies less than normal wastes, it can be stored for a relatively long period of time, it can be delivered easily because its volume and weight can be reduced, and stable incineration is possible because its form and calorific value are almost constant.

In a sound material-cycle society it is required to use RDF, based on the priority order of waste treatment and regional characteristics.

## (3) Present State of Illegal Dumping, etc

A. Cases of Illegal Dumping of Industrial Waste Found in Fiscal 2008

(a) Number of Illegal dumping Activities and Amount of Illegally Dumped Wastes

Concerning the cases of illegally dumped and improperly treated industrial wastes (hereinafter referred to as “illegal dumping, etc.”) reported in fiscal 2008, the number of illegal dumping is 308 cases, 203,000 tons, and those of improper treatment is 308 cases, 1.228 million tons (Figure 2-47 and 2-48).

In addition, the numbers of newly reported illegal dumping and improper treatment cases in fiscal 2008 where 5,000 or more-ton wastes were dumped/treated are four and ten respectively.

## (b) Types of Illegally Dumped Industrial Wastes

According to the types of illegal dumping, etc. reported in fiscal 2008, construction wastes such as debris and waste wood account for 72.7% of all illegal dumping cases (224 cases) and 87.5% of all dumped wastes (177,000 tons) and for 74.7% of all improper treatment cases (230 cases) and 35.9% of all improperly treated wastes (441,000 tons), and the ratio of construction-related waste to all wastes continues to be high (Figure 2-49 and 2-50).

## (c) Business Operators that Dumped Waste Illegally

Among business operators that carried out illegal dumping, etc. newly reported in fiscal 2008, waste-discharging enterprises account for about 48.4% (149 cases) of all the illegal dumping cases. About 23.1% (71 cases) were dumped by unknown business operators, about 9.7% (30 cases) by unlicensed ones, and about 9.1% (28 cases) by multiple-business ones. Concerning the amount of illegally dumped wastes, waste-discharging enterprises account for 48.3% (98,000 tons) of all the illegal dumping cases. 27.1% (55,000 tons) were dumped by multiple-business operators,

Note 1: Regarding the number of cases and volume of illegal dumping shown above, from among illegal dumping of industrial waste identified by prefectures and ordinance-designated cities, cases where the volume of dumping per case was 10 tons or more were totalized (however, cases including specially controlled industrial waste were all counted individually).

Note 2: As shown in the above graph, the cases of Gifu City and Numazu City were only discovered in 2003 and 2004 respectively; however, illegal dumping had already been carried out for several years previously and as a result, these cases were reported as a large-scale case in the relevant fiscal years. The case of Chiba City in fiscal year 2006 was actually revealed in 1998, but the report was made in fiscal year 2006.

The case of Tadocho, Kuwana City in fiscal year 2008 was actually revealed in 2006, but the report was made in fiscal year 2008.

Note 3: Sulfate pitch cases and ferrosilt cases were excluded from the survey. Ferrosilt was used as refill materials, and its sales and use started in August 2001. Approx. 720,000 tons were sold and used, but later this was identified as illegal dumping cases. The illegal dumping was confirmed at 45 sites in four prefectures, and removal of ferrosilt had been completed at 39 sites (as of the end of September 2009).

Source: Ministry of the Environment