Table 2-8 Problems caused by illegal dumping cases, etc. and prefectures' measures policies dealing with the problems (remained cases, as of the end of fiscal year 2008)

Number of remained cases	Percentage	Remained volume (t)	Percentage
Problems have happened.	16	0.6%	4,140,295	24.0%
Measures concerning removal of problems*	16	0.6%	4,140,295	24.0%
Problems may happen.	159	5.9%	4,915,197	28.5%
Preventive measures against problems (including partially taken ones)	33	1.2%	4,097,342	23.7%
Monitoring in surrounding area	11	0.4%	70,418	0.4%
Periodic on-the-spot inspections	115	4.3%	747,437	4.3%
No problem at present	2,301	86.0%	6,501,483	37.7%
Others (guidance of improvement, periodic on-the-spot inspections, monitoring, etc.)	630	23.6%	1,738,658	10.1%
No particular measures	1,671	62.5%	4,762,826	27.6%
Under survey on problems	199	7.4%	1,702,932	9.9%
Survey in order to clarify the problems	199	7.4%	1,702,932	9.9%
Total	2,675	100.0%	17,259,908	100.0%

$ ^{*} $ As of December 2009, measures concerning removal of problems have been taken in all cases. Source: Ministry of the Environment

Table 2-9 Specially controlled wastes

Classification	Major groups	Description
Specially controlled municipal waste	Parts containing PCBs	Parts containing PCBs, and included in waste air conditioner, waste TV or waste microwave
Soot and dust	Generated at incinerators in waste treatment facilities
Soot, dust, cinders, sludge	Generated from municipal waste incinerators, which are facilities specified by the Law Concerning Special Measures against Dioxins, and including dioxins
Infectious municipal waste	Generated from hospitals or similar, and that may contain infectious pathogens or have such pathogens attached
Specially controlled industrial waste	Waste oil	Volatile oils, kerosene, light oils
Waste acid	Extremely corrosive waste acid with pH2.0 or lower
Waste alkali	Extremely corrosive waste alkali with pH12.5 or higher
Infectious industrial waste	Generated from hospitals or similar, and that may contain infectious pathogens or have such pathogens attached
Specified hazardous industrial waste	Waste PCB, etc.	Waste PCBs and waste oils including PCBs
PCB-contaminated material	Sludge subject to PCB-permeation, waste paper subject to PCB-application or impregnated with PCB, waste wood or waste fiber subject to PCB-permeation, waste plastics or scrap metal subject to adherence of PCBs, or have enclosed PCBs, waste ceramic or debris subject to adherence of PCBs
Treated PCB material	Treated in order to dispose of waste PCBs or PCB-contaminated materials, and including PCBs
Designated sewage sludge	As stipulated by Article 13-4 of the Enforcement Ordinance of the Sewerage Law
Slag	Slag including heavy metals
Waste asbestos	Generated by construction asbestos removal businesses, or from sites with designated particulate emitting facilities installed, and with a risk of dispersion
Soot, dust, cinders	Waste including heavy metals or dioxins
Waste oil	Waste oils including organochlorine compounds
Sludge, waste acid, waste alkali	Waste including heavy metals, PCBs, organochlorine compounds, agricultural chemicals, dioxins

Source: Ministry of the Environment

have been carried out for even 2,301 cases reported as no problem at present (Table 2-8).

Note: The Ministry of the Environment conducts research concerning (3) every year in cooperation with the 47 prefectures and ordinance-designated cities of Japan under the Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law (hereafter referred to as “47 prefectures, etc.”). Among the cases of illegal dumping, etc., the research covers cases where the dumped amount of each case is 10 tons or more except sulfate pitch- and ferrosil-related cases. However, it covers all cases related to specially-controlled industrial wastes.

### (4) Specially-controlled Wastes A. Overview

“Specially-controlled wastes” refer to those specified by a Cabinet Order as wastes which are explosive, toxic, infections or of a nature otherwise harmful to human health and the living environment (specially-controlled municipal wastes or specially-controlled industrial wastes).

These wastes are appropriately treated according to a special treatment criteria based on the types of specially-controlled wastes. A licensed business operator is entrusted with the treatment of the specially-controlled wastes.

### B. Wastes Included in Specially-controlled Wastes

To date wastes shown in Table 2-9 have been designated as specially-controlled wastes.

### (5) Measures for Treating Asbestos A. Industrial Wastes