which includes the latter is increasing year by year (115.71 million in fiscal 2008) (Figure 2-36).

The number of individual waste water treatment facilities was 8,360,000 (8,420,000 in fiscal 2007) at the end of fiscal 2008, a decrease of 60,000 on the previous year. Johkasou (treating both kitchen and toilet waste) and night soil a decrease from purification tanks (only treating toilet waste) accounted for 2,900,000 (2,780,000 in fiscal 2007) and 5,450,000 (5,640,000 in fiscal 2007) respectively, which resulted in the ratio of Johkasou increasing to 35% (33% in fiscal 2007) of all individual waste water treatment facilities in 2007. These figures would seem to be influenced by a number of factors: the diffusion of Johkasou by increased subsidy rates for municipal governments; the prohibition of new construction of night soil purification tanks set in the revision of the Johkasou Law in Year 2000; an increas-

### 3. Industrial wastes

(1) Status of the generation and disposal of industrial wastes

A. Changes to the exhaust amount of industrial wastes

The figures for industrial wastes generated since fiscal 1990, have stayed more or less constant at around 400 million tons, with no major yearly differences (Figure 2-37).

B. Changes to the number of intermediate processing facilities of industrial wastes

Intermediate processing facilities carry out incineration, breakup or dehydrate industrial wastes, there number de-ing number of abolished the night soil purification tanks impacted by the shift to the Johkasou; and the progress of sewage systems.

### B. Changes to the processing situation of night soil and Johkasou sludge

In fiscal 2008, from the total of 24.55 million kiloliters night soil and individual wastewater treatment facility sludge, 99.0% or 24.31 million kiloliters were processed at human-waste treatment plants or by discharge into sewage systems.

Disposal by discharge into the sea was prohibited in February 2007.

creased slightly on the previous year by 1.2% to a total of 18,935 licensed facilities for all of Japan. 21.3% are dehydrating facilities for polluted sludge, 45.1% are breaking-up facilities for wood-wastes or debris and 7.9% are other incineration facilities. (Figure 2-38).

C. Changes to the number of permits given to new facilities for disposal of industrial wastes (incineration facilities and final disposal sites)

The number of permits given to new facilities for disposal of industrial wastes, both for incineration facilities and final disposal sites have sharply decreased, when compared with

Figure 2-37 Changes to the exhaust amount of industrial wastes

Note: From 1996 onward the method to estimate the volume of waste generated was partially amended.

$ ^{*} $ 1: In accordance with the Basic Guidelines of Japan for the Promotion of Measures against Dioxins (decided by the Ministerial Conference on Dioxin Policy), in September 1999 the Government established waste reduction targets with an aim of attainment in fiscal year 2010; the volume of waste generated in fiscal year 1996 is given in relation to this target.

$ ^{*} $ 2: The volume generated from 1997 onward is calculated based on the same precondition applied in $ ^{*} $ 1.

$ ^{*} $ 3: 19 types of industrial waste as stipulated by the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law are covered by this graph.

Source: Ministry of the Environment