Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
According to statistics by means of transportation, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by airplane in 2009 was 3,880, a decrease of 582 (13.0%) from 2008. This accounts for 72.2% of all illegally entering persons, and illegal entry using airplane occupies a high percentage as in the past. Meanwhile, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by ship decreased by 181 (10.8%) from 2008 to 1,493 in 2009. (Tables 20, 21 and 22)

Table 20: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality
(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	11,586	10,441	7,454	6,136	5,373
China	4,960	3,999	2,410	2,020	1,648
Philippines	2,074	2,059	1,624	1,376	1,237
R.O. Korea	617	767	619	478	427
Thailand	1,139	988	680	503	416
Peru	255	299	243	261	377
Indonesia	172	232	281	260	269
Iran	402	432	382	248	174
Bangladesh	646	486	349	263	160
Sri Lanka	128	181	151	165	130
Myanmar	323	188	86	67	86
Others	870	810	629	495	449

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 21: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	8,065	7,549	5,448	4,462	3,880
Philippines	1,927	1,956	1,519	1,301	1,153
China	2,570	2,088	1,215	942	698
Thailand	1,065	934	633	471	387
Peru	255	298	241	261	377
Indonesia	171	232	281	259	266
Others	2,077	2,041	1,559	1,228	999

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 22: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	3,521	2,892	2,006	1,674	1,493
China	2,390	1,911	1,195	1,078	950
R.O. Korea	229	352	301	254	262
Philippines	147	103	105	75	84
Bangladesh	348	232	194	127	78
Iran	62	63	59	46	33
Others	345	231	152	94	86

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

$ ^{*} $ (Note): An illegal entrant means a person who enters Japan in violation of the provisions of Paragraph 1, Article 3 of the Immigration Control Act. The provisions in the said paragraph stipulate that any foreign national who falls under any of the following items shall not enter Japan: a person who does not possess a valid passport (except for a crew member possessing a valid crew member's pocket-ledger) (Item 1); and a person who intends to land in Japan without receiving a seal of verification for landing or undergoing the recording of the prescribed data pursuant to the provision of Article 9, paragraph (4), or without obtaining authorized permission for landing from an immigration inspector (Item 2). Any foreign national who violates the provisions is considered as an illegal entrant. In other words, even if a person possesses a valid passport or crew member's pocket-ledger, the person shall be considered as an illegal entrant if he/she falls under the Item 2 shown above.
## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2009, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 186, a decrease of 67 (26.5%) from 2008. This accounted for 0.6% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act, and the proportion has maintained a similar level since 2002. (Table 23)

Table 23: Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	690	506	342	253	186
China	374	231	137	58	50
Thailand	32	21	11	9	18
Turkey	5	45	19	39	17
Philippines	29	10	26	14	14
Myanmar	43	31	16	25	11
R.O. Korea	23	22	15	17	10
China(Taiwan)	8	8	8	4	6
Pakistan	17	5	6	3	6
Viet Nam	0	3	0	3	5
Russia	33	10	15	7	4
Others	126	120	89	74	45

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2009, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay decreased by 5,542 (17.9%) from 2008 to 25,503. This accounts for 78.1% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China (7,342 accounting for 28.8%), followed by the Philippines (4,960 accounting for 19.4%), R.O. Korea (3,104 accounting for 12.2%), Indonesia (1,350 accounting for 5.3%), and Thailand (1,347 accounting for 5.3%). (Table 24)

Table 24: Changes in the number of cases of overstay by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	42,254	42,829	35,417	31,045	25,503
China	11,301	11,295	8,811	8,326	7,342
Philippines	6,583	7,879	7,136	6,188	4,960
R.O. Korea	6,959	6,847	5,484	4,147	3,104
Indonesia	1,779	2,074	1,837	1,978	1,350
Thailand	2,166	2,232	1,728	1,444	1,347
Viet Nam	1,021	1,300	1,435	1,570	1,268
Sri Lanka	1,028	1,391	1,244	1,216	1,026
Peru	919	971	792	779	812
Nepal	549	781	577	481	416
Brazil	784	482	434	346	375
Others	9,165	7,577	5,939	4,570	3,503

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) Activities Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in activities other than those permitted for his/her status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be carried out by reason of engaging in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted. The number of such foreign nationals had decreased by 343 (29.7%) from 2008 to 810 in 2009. This accounts for 2.5% of the total number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from South Korea (306 accounting for 37.8% of the total), followed by China (266 accounting for 32.8%), and the Philippines (85 accounting for 10.5%), and these three top countries account for 81.1% of the total. (Table 25)

Table 25: Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	1,890	1,736	1,409	1,153	810
R.O. Korea	396	412	380	275	306
China	357	469	395	369	266
Philippines	862	399	297	189	85
China (Taiwan)	22	34	48	48	25
Bangladesh	13	13	13	26	18
Viet Nam	19	32	49	56	15
Thailand	15	14	14	14	14
Myanmar	0	7	7	11	14
Indonesia	45	119	23	29	11
Nepal	4	18	21	35	10
Others	157	219	162	101	46

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 2 Illegal Workers

## (1) Summary

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2009, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 26,545, accounting for 81.3% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents work illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in the present severe employment climate, and prevent the realization of a fair labor market. Furthermore, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.
## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality (Place of Origin)

Illegal workers came from 86 countries (place of origin), mainly neighboring Asian countries, indicating that the trend toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers is continuing.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 8,205, accounting for 30.9% of the total, followed by the Philippines (4,845 accounting for 18.3%), R.O. Korea (3,241 accounting for 12.2%), Indonesia (1,557 accounting for 5.9%), and Thailand (1,512 accounting for 5.7%). These top five countries represented 72.9% of the total. As a recent trend, the number of Chinese illegal workers has accounted for a large proportion. (Table 26)

Table 26: Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471	26,545
Male	26,232	24,759	20,926	19,270
Female	19,703	21,170	16,056	13,201
China	14,239	13,750	10,223	9,583	8,205
Male	8,749	7,614	5,910	5,950
Female	5,490	6,136	4,313	3,633
Philippines	7,378	7,978	7,075	6,083	4,845
Male	2,647	2,887	2,815	2,559
Female	4,731	5,091	4,260	3,524
R.O. Korea	6,514	6,696	5,315	4,077	3,241
Male	2,274	2,232	1,977	1,555
Female	4,240	4,464	3,338	2,522
Indonesia	1,844	2,286	2,034	2,162	1,557
Male	1,297	1,521	1,438	1,568
Female	547	765	596	594
Thailand	2,816	2,650	2,013	1,694	1,512
Male	1,158	1,159	985	903
Female	1,658	1,491	1,028	791
Viet Nam	900	1,189	1,318	1,473	1,152
Male	490	630	756	887
Female	410	559	562	586
Sri Lanka	1,024	1,440	1,264	1,278	1,042
Male	898	1,270	1,117	1,150
Female	126	170	147	128
Peru	894	927	785	786	932
Male	588	609	518	532
Female	306	318	267	254
Bangladesh	1,405	1,176	907	702	490
Male	1,328	1,114	873	670
Female	77	62	34	32
Nepal	590	830	610	535	456
Male	435	568	431	364
Female	155	262	179	171
Others	8,331	7,007	5,438	4,098	3,113
Male	6,368	5,155	4,106	3,132
Female	1,963	1,852	1,332	966

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken was 16,522 (accounting for 62.2% of the total) and 10,023 (accounting for 37.8% of the total), respectively. The percentage of males is increasing.

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were factory workers (8,220 accounting for 31.0% of the total), followed by construction workers (3,938 accounting for 14.8%),
and attendants such as bar hostesses (3,323 accounting for 12.5%).

According to statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as factory workers, followed by construction workers and other labor workers, while the largest number of females worked as attendants such as bar hostesses, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. (Table 27)

Table 27: Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Job Categories
Total	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471	26,545
Male	26,232	24,759	20,926	19,270	16,522
Female	19,703	21,170	16,056	13,201	10,023
Factory worker	11,786	12,986	11,572	11,366	8,220
Male	8,447	8,892	7,898	7,670	5,687
Female	3,339	4,094	3,674	3,696	2,533
Construction worker	6,378	5,425	4,458	3,831	3,938
Male	6,331	5,378	4,401	3,792	3,890
Female	47	47	57	39	48
Attendants such as bar hostess	7,319	7,701	5,809	4,452	3,323
Male	258	356	400	429	331
Female	7,061	7,345	5,409	4,023	2,992
Other labor worker	2,858	3,307	2,792	3,092	2,461
Male	2,264	2,502	2,190	2,342	1,899
Female	594	805	602	750	562
Waitress and bartender	4,091	4,008	3,073	2,149	1,487
Male	1,518	1,336	1,190	807	596
Female	2,573	2,672	1,883	1,342	891
Cook	3,199	2,692	1,924	1,445	1,388
Male	2,224	1,696	1,177	893	909
Female	975	996	747	552	479
Others	10,304	9,810	7,354	6,136	5,728
Male	5,190	4,599	3,670	3,337	3,210
Female	5,114	5,211	3,684	2,799	2,518

## (5) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

According to statistics by place of work (by prefecture), the largest number is found in Tokyo Metropolis (4,618 accounting for 17.4% of the total), followed by Aichi Prefecture (3,924 accounting for 14.8%), Kanagawa Prefecture (3,522 accounting for 13.3%), Chiba Prefecture (2,784 accounting for 10.5%) and Ibaraki Prefecture (2,448 accounting for 9.2%), which shows that illegal foreign workers are concentrated in the Tokyo Metropolitan District concentrating in the Pacific coast area from Kanto to Kinki districts. Thus, one metropolis and six prefectures (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma and Tochigi) account for 66.8% of the total number of illegal foreign workers. On the other hand, the existence of illegal foreign workers is recognized in all 47 prefectures of the entire nation as shown by the fact that the central district, consisting of Aichi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture and others, account for 22.9% of the total number of illegal foreign workers, and it is recognized there is a trend toward dispersion in local districts. (Table 28)
Table 28: Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by place of work

(People)

Year Prefecture	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471	26,545
Tokyo	16,612	14,447	8,940	5,862	4,618
Aichi	3,415	4,597	4,724	4,801	3,924
Kanagawa	4,452	4,673	4,499	4,497	3,522
Chiba	3,555	3,773	3,021	2,824	2,784
Ibaraki	2,007	2,198	2,243	2,465	2,448
Saitama	4,101	3,762	3,183	2,784	2,215
Gunma	1,919	2,359	1,961	1,980	1,375
Osaka	1,632	1,677	1,548	1,439	1,060
Shizuoka	1,167	1,255	1,243	1,092	800
Tochigi	1,222	1,345	1,103	1,097	776
Others	5,853	5,843	4,517	3,630	3,023

## 3 Outline of Judgments of Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Findings of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspect to fall under any of the reasons for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to take procedures for examination of violations after investigation by an immigration control officer. Those procedures consist of three steps: examination of violations by an immigration inspector, hearing by special inquiry officer, and decision by the Minister of Justice.

The number of cases received examination of violations in 2009 was 34,247, decreasing consecutively since 2006. (Table 29)

Table 29: Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

(Cases)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Division
Division by immigration inspector	Receipt	57,569(286)	57,017(488)	48,647(2,918)	43,073(3,274)	34,247(1,234)
Finished	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	7	3	3	4	2
Issuance of written deportation order	32,284	31,393	26,215	22,179	16,312
Request for hearing	12,446	11,471	9,205	10,639	7,071
Issuance of written departure order	12,227	11,100	9,691	8,477	9,041
Not finished, others	605	3,050	3,533	1,774	1,821
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	13,002(518)	12,221(711)	10,101(846)	11,247(562)	7,607(506)
Finished	Error in the findings	-	-	-	2	-
Issuance of written deportation order	137	126	134	166	104
Filing an objection	12,056	11,196	9,361	10,515	6,876
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	809	899	606	564	627
Decision of the Minister of	Receipt	12,533(461)	11,757(552)	10,037(639)	11,280(682)	7,456(561)
Finished	Objection with reason	-	3	6	3	1
Objection without reason	11,922	11,018	9,245	10,593	6,630
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	611	736	786	684	825

(*) The numbers indicated in () are carry-over cases from a previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.

The number of requests for hearings conducted after examination of violations in 2009 was 7,071 accounting for 20.6% of the total cases received as examination of violations. (Chart 18)
Chart 18: Changes in the numbers and percentages of requests for a hearing

The number of objections, which a foreign national unsatisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing may file with the Minister of Justice, decreased to 6,876 in 2009. (Table 29)

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2009 was 18,436. According to statistics by grounds for their deportation, cases of overstay numbered 12,130 and they accounted for 65.8% of the total. On the other hand, the percentage of cases of illegal entry increased to 24.3%. (Table 30)

Table 30: Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

(Cases)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	33,520	33,202	28,225	24,442	18,436
Overstay	20,764	22,136	19,403	16,966	12,130
Illegal entry	9,427	7,880	6,188	5,125	4,473
Illegal landing	635	443	334	241	173
Activity other than those permitted	1,874	1,726	1,367	1,137	813
Criminal offenses etc.	701	831	738	805	641
Others	119	186	195	168	206

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin) in 2009, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (5,558 accounting for 30.1%), followed by the Philippines (3,139 accounting for 17.0%), and North and South Korea (2,401 accounting for 13.0%). (Chart 19)
Chart 19: Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality (place of origin)

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2009, the number of foreign nationals detained under written detention orders who were accorded provisional release increased by 347 compared with a year earlier, reaching 2,265. On the other hand, the number of foreign nationals detained under written deportation orders who were accorded provisional release increased by 18 compared with a year earlier, reaching 837. (Table 31)

Table 31: Changes in the number of cases of provisional release permission

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Kind of Order	By written detention order	1,457	3,658	3,883	1,918
By written deportation order	769	671	938	819	837

## (4) Special Permission to Stay

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay from the Minister of Justice was 4,643 in 2009, a decrease by 3,879 from 2008. One of reasons for the decrease is that those who became subject to the procedures for deportation decreased from 2008 (a decrease by 6,721 persons) as the number of overstayers has been decreasing year by year.

Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay had established close relationships
such as marriage with Japanese nationals and had, in fact, settled down in Japan in many respects.

Among the number of the special permission to stay by reasons of deportation, the largest number in 2009 was overstay (3,508). The percentage of overstay was on a decreasing trend, and it decreased to 75.6% in 2009. On the other hand, the percentage of illegal entry and illegal landing was 19.3%, which remained roughly flat. (Table 32)

Table 32: Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by grounds for deportation

(Cases)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	10,834	9,360	7,388	8,522	4,643
Overstay	8,483	7,096	5,586	6,521	3,508
Illegal entry / Illegal landing	2,077	1,915	1,457	1,640	897
Criminal offenses etc.	274	349	345	361	238

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin) in 2009, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay came from China (857 accounting for 18.5%), followed by North and South Koreas (663 accounting for 14.3%). (Table 33)

Table 33: Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by nationality (place of origin)

(Cases)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	10,834	9,360	7,388	8,522	4,643
China	2,211	1,827	1,304	1,669	857
Korea	1,807	1,523	1,106	1,416	663
Others	6,816	6,010	4,978	5,437	3,123

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 4 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of foreign nationals deported decreased by 5,690 (23.8%) from 2008 to 18,241 in 2009.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (5,475 accounting for 30.0% of the total), followed by the Philippines (3,194 accounting for 17.5%), R.O. Korea (2,423 accounting for 13.3%), Thailand (1,113 accounting for 6.1%), and Indonesia (885 accounting for 4.9%). (Table 34)

Table 34: Changes in the number of deportees by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total	33,192	33,018	27,913	23,931	18,241
China	11,209	10,251	7,516	6,805	5,475
Philippines	4,961	5,453	5,128	4,385	3,194
R.O. Korea	3,962	4,193	3,798	2,873	2,423
Thailand	1,930	1,845	1,553	1,260	1,113
Indonesia	1,241	1,672	1,452	1,596	885
Viet Nam	564	864	1,018	1,023	709
Sri Lanka	821	1,139	1,090	1,046	684
Peru	542	655	518	495	674
Bangladesh	1,271	1,076	847	627	380
Brazil	219	217	307	268	307
Others	6,472	5,653	4,686	3,553	2,397

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
According to statistics by means of deportation, 96.3% of foreign nationals who had been issued a deportation order were deported at their own expense (“voluntary departure”), making up the vast majority. On the other hand, the number of foreign nationals who need to be individually deported at national expense has been increasing, and the number of foreign nationals individually deported at national expense was 438 in 2009. (Table 35)

Deportation

Table 35: Changes in the number of deportees by means of deportation

(People)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Measure of Deportation
Total	33,192	33,018	27,913	23,931	18,241
Voluntary departure	31,811	31,911	26,818	23,093	17,569
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	1,177	852	690	407	200
Deportation individually at the expense of the government	192	239	361	383	438
Deportation in group at the expense of the government	-	-	-	-	-
Others	-	-	-	-	-
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	12	16	44	48	34

$ ^{*1} $ Deportation in groups at the expense of the government includes cases where both the Japanese government and

the deportee’s homeland government bore the expenses.

$ ^{*2} $ "Others" are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each deportees.

## (1) Deportation at the Expense of the Government

As foreign nationals violating the Act stay longer and have more diverse lifestyles, an increasing number of foreign nationals who have been issued with a deportation order suffer from illness, refuse deportation for various reasons, or remain in detention for a long period of time because they cannot afford travel expenses. Of these foreign nationals, the number of those deported at national expense in consideration of individual circumstances increased by 55 (14.4%) from 383 in 2008 to 438 in 2009.

In addition, Chinese illegal immigrants detected at the border as collective stowaways were deported as a group in the past. However, collective deportation has not been conducted since 2004 due to a significant decrease in the number of collective stowaways detected.

## (2) Deportation at the Expense of the Foreign National (Voluntary Departure)

Deportees who were deported at their own expense decreased by 5,524 (23.9%) from 2008 to 17,569 in 2009.

Although around 95% of the deported foreign nationals are deported at their own expense every year, many do not fulfill requirements for deportation. For example, they do not possess a passport, an airplane ticket, or enough money for travel costs, causing the process to take a considerable amount of time.

In order to deport such nationals as quickly as possible, the Immigration Bureau not only carries out deportation procedures but also instructs the foreign nationals to make contact with relevant people in Japan or in their home countries in order to obtain an airplane ticket or money for travel costs. In cases where a foreign national does not possess a passport, the Immigration Bureau makes an application for the early issue of a passport to the relevant foreign mission in Japan. (Table 36)