Note 1: The official name of the organization is the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan.

2: On February 13, 1959, the cabinet council of the Japanese government confirmed the principle that the emigration project to North Korea for North Korean residents in Japan should be processed based on the international convention ensuring the freedom in selecting a domicile as the basic human rights. The Japanese Red Cross Society negotiated with the North Korean Red Cross Society so that both parties signed the treaty for the emigration project to North Korea targeted for North Korean residents in Japan. Starting on December 14, 1959, the emigration project was put into practice for people including returnees to North Korea based on the treaty.

## (2) Anti-Japan operations by China

China marked the 60 $ ^{th} $ anniversary of its foundation in 2009 when the country proudly showed its achievements in reform and liberalization efforts both internally and externally and emphasized the legitimacy of the control by the Communist Party of China.

China deals with various internal issues threatening the control by the Communist Party of China by appeasing the national sentiment through the decreased burdens on farmers and workers as well as by enhancing security control measures including advocating principles, controlling freedom of speech, and arresting activists. In the international community, the country has escaped from the global financial crisis ahead of other countries and enhanced its political and economical footprint, leading to the increasing international clout of the country.

Against this backdrop, two large-scale riots took place in Urumqi of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in July 2009, causing many casualties. Immediately following these incidents, China called Rebiya Kadeer, President of the World Uyghur Congress, the mastermind of the events, and stated that they had been incited by three forces from overseas (i.e. terrorism, separatism, and radicalism) and that adversarial forces within China had responded to them.

In addition, China announced “the Chinese National Defense for 2008” in January 2009, showing the guideline to make important advancements through the mechanization and computerization of their military forces. In October 2009, a large-scale military parade conducted in Tiananmen Square showed state-of-the-art intercontinental ballistic missiles, combat aircraft, and other weapons, all of which were announced as manufactured in China. Chinese President Hu Jintao stated that the development and advancement realized by the new China during the last 60 years had proved that only socialism could save the country and that only its reform and liberalization efforts could advance the country, proudly presenting the modernization of its equipment.

China looks to obtain and transfer the latest scientific technologies held by overseas companies and research institutes under this policy and guideline. It has also dispatched its researchers, engineers, and students to companies with latest scientific technologies, defense-related companies, research institutes, and other organizations located in Japan, implementing its information collection initiatives in debt and versatile manners for a long time.

More recently, the Aichi Prefectural Police arrested a Chinese engineer working for an auto parts company for illegally stealing a large volume of electronic design data on the grounds of embezzlement.

## (3) Anti-Japan operations by Russia

In the annual state-of-the nation address in November 2009, President Medvedev advocated the necessity of the latest technology by mentioning that Russia should start modernizing all the areas of production and renewing related technologies and that these challenges would determine whether Russia could survive in the modern world.

In December 2009, the president also said at the commemorative event for the Russian Security Organization Officers' Day that Russia had lately been implementing various initiatives for the enhancement of its intelligence organizations with the improvement of their equipment and technical areas as well as their mobility and analytical capabilities and that the main emphasis was placed on modernization with the advancements in the technology protection, the aircraft industry, the aero-space industry, and other high-tech areas specified as the most important areas.

Russia is considered to enhance its engagement in these areas at the national level in the future, focusing on the technological development and the introduction of technologies from Europe and the U.S.

Under these circumstances, Russian intelligence officers have been entering Japan in the capacity of ambassador officials for the Russian Federation or trade representative officers to repeat the illegal activities to collect information. Such illegal activities have been exposed on a continual basis in 2005, 2006, and 2008.