Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
In 2010, the Forestry Agency implemented the “Experimental Projects of Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan,” which includes the development of forest road networks, the introduction of advanced forestry machinery, and thinning of forests for wood use. As a result, some forestry projects showed improvements in productivity.

#### 2.2. Human Resource Development

In 2011, the Forestry Agency initiated a training course of “Semi-foresters” and 443 technical staffs of the National Forest Management and prefectures participated in training courses held in seven locations across Japan. The training courses were designed to develop human resources with the necessary skills to provide guidance to municipalities on the development and implementation of the “Municipality Forest Management Plan” as the “master plan” for on-the-ground forest management.

In 2011, the Forestry Agency also initiated a “forest worker” training course for new entrants, and a carrier development training course for “forest manager” candidates. The Agency also introduced a system to register human resources who have completed these training courses.

### 3. Rural Mountain Communities

#### 3.1. Conditions surrounding Rural Mountain Communities

In Japan, rural mountain communities cover 50% of the total land area, or 60% of the total forest area. In these areas, the living infrastructure is underdeveloped and the population continues to decline and become older. In such areas, the public benefits of forests might be adversely affected due to the lack of proper forest management.

Those areas need to be maintained through forestry production activities in order to fulfill the multi-functional roles of forests.

#### 3.2. Revitalization of Rural Mountain Communities

In order to maintain the community function of rural mountain communities, the promotion of settlements from urban areas, improvement of community infrastructure, and creation of job opportunities are important. To achieve these goals, the Forestry Agency promotes communication between rural mountain communities and urban areas and supports settlement initiatives through the creation of job opportunities in new businesses utilizing forest resources.

The Forestry Agency is promoting the “sixth industry” initiative, which seeks to integrate first (agriculture, forestry and fisheries), second (manufacturing), and third (service) industries, through the integration of primary production and its processing/distribution or the invention of new industrial sectors which utilize local primary resources. The registered “voluntary planners” who have enough skills for such integration are assisting these “sixth industry” initiatives at the local level.
### 1. Wood Demand and Supply

#### 1.1. World wood demand and supply

The total volume of industrial roundwood consumption in the world has been increasing. In 2010, the total volume consumed reached 1.53 billion m $ ^{3} $ , a 7% increase over 2009 that has been attributed to the global economic recovery.

As for the world wood trade, China has increased imports of industrial roundwood and exports of plywood, while Russia has decreased exports of industrial roundwood. These two countries have strong influence on the global trade of wood products.

As of March 2012, Japan has concluded Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) with 13 countries and regions. In November 2011, Japan declared that it would begin a consultation process with concerned parties regarding possible participation in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

#### 1.2. Wood demand and supply in Japan

In 2010, Japan’s wood demand increased by 11% from the previous year, reaching 70.25 million m $ ^{3} $ , due to an increase in new housing starts (Fig.5-1).

Fig.5-1: Wood demand in Japan

The size of the domestic wood supply increased by 3.7%, reaching 18.24 million m $ ^{3} $ , while that of imported wood increased by 14%, reaching 52.02 million m $ ^{3} $ . As a result, the self-sufficiency rate for wood in 2010 was 26.0%, down 1.8% from 2009.
The volume of wood demand for lumber production dropped to one third of the peak year in 1973, due to the decline in the number of domestic housing starts.

The volume of domestic wood used for plywood production has been increasing sharply. In 2010, the supply of domestic wood for plywood production reached a record high of 2.49 million m $ ^{3} $ , resulting in a 26 % self-sufficiency rate in the roundwood supply for plywood production.

Wood demand for chip and pulp production is also on the decline due to a decrease in paper demand.

#### 1.3. Wood prices

In 2011, the price for domestic roundwood increased slightly, in spite of the long-term downward trend. Regarding processed wood products, the price of sugi lumber (KD) increased while that of domestically produced laminated lumber, which competes with sugi lumber, remained at the same level as the previous year. The price of softwood plywood increased from the previous year, due to the damage of plywood mills by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the increase in the demand for plywood as a result of the reconstruction activities.

#### 1.4. Wood from responsible forest management

For the promotion of responsible/sustainable forest management, the Government is encouraging the use of legally or sustainably produced wood, based on the “Act on Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities (Act on Promoting Green Purchasing)”.

#### 1.5. Non-wood forest products

Non-wood forest products include mushrooms, wild vegetables, edible nuts, and charcoal. In 2010, the total value of non-wood forest products production was 28.48 billion yen, 90% of which was derived from mushroom production.

A number of mushroom production facilities were damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake. In addition, as a result of the damage to the TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations, radioactive cesium was detected in non-wood forest products including mushrooms at levels exceeding the “provisional regulation values”. Therefore, the Government ordered “shipment restrictions” on those non-wood forest products.

The Forestry Agency is assisting in the recovery of mushroom production facilities, studying the effects of radioactive materials on non-wood forest products, developing a certification system to ensure the safety of non-wood forest products, and examining the effectiveness of methods to mitigate the influence of radioactive materials.
### 2. Wood Products Industry

#### 2.1. Sectoral trend of the wood products industry

As for lumber production, large scale lumber mills are becoming dominant. In 2010, large lumber mills consumed 60% of the total raw material inputs, although they only accounted for 7% of the number of lumber mills (Fig.5-2). The share of domestic wood in material inputs for lumber mills was 67%.

Fig. 5-2: Roundwood input in lumber mills by production scale

As for plywood production, the supply of domestic wood used for plywood production is rapidly increasing. The share of domestic wood in the raw material input for domestic plywood mills reached 65% in 2010 (Fig.5-3).

#### 2.2. Reform of wood products processing/distribution system

Japan’s forestry and wood products industry has been slow to develop a stable supply system for wood products with assured quality and performance with low costs, due to the small-scale, dispersed, and multi-layered system of production, distribution, and processing.

## The Forestry Agency has

implemented model projects for the reform of the forestry and wood products industry: "New Wood Products Distribution and Processing Project" for

Fig. 5-3: Material inputs for plywood production and share of domestic roundwood

the laminated lumber and plywood sector and “New Wood Production Projects” for the lumber production sector. These model projects have realized cost reductions in wood production and the direct delivery of timber to lumber mills, and helped increase stumpage prices.
### 3. Promotion of Wood Use

#### 3.1. Housing sector

Approximately 40% of Japan’s wood demand is used for building construction. In particular, the trend of new housing starts of wooden houses significantly influences wood demand as a whole.

Recently, major housing companies have begun to use domestic wood more aggressively in their business activities.

The Forestry Agency is promoting local housing projects through the cooperation among forest owners, log producers, lumber producers, and local home builders who are willing to use local wood products.

#### 3.2. Wooden public buildings

In October 2010, new legislation to promote wood use in public building was enacted. According to the legislation, the Government is promoting wooden structures and wooden interior decorations in public buildings as long as possible. Further, the governmental ministries and local governments are developing their own policies to increase the use of wood in public buildings.

In May 2011, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) developed the “Planning and Designing Standard of Wooden Constructions” as a technical standard on the construction and repair of wooden buildings by the Government.

#### 3.3. Energy use of woody biomass

Among the variety of woody biomasses, most of the “mill residue wood” and “construction refuse wood” is almost fully utilized. However, more than 20 million m $ ^{3} $ of “unused thinned wood,” a by-product of wood production, is estimated to be left in the forests every year. Use of this “unused thinned wood” is indispensable for the promotion of energy production using woody biomass.

In August 2011, the “Act on Purchase of Renewable Energy Sourced Electricity by Electric Utilities” was adopted in the Diet. In accordance with the legislation, the “Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy” will be introduced in July 2012. The scheme will support power generation from biomass.

#### 3.4. Wood exports

Wood demand in developing countries is increasing including in China. In 2011, China accounted for the largest share in the value of wood products exported from Japan.

The Government is promoting the export of wood products to China and Korea, through the exhibition of domestic housing materials in these countries. The Japan Wood Products Export Promotion Council is also participating in the revision of China’s “Wooden Structure Design Standard”, to ensure that Japan’s domestic wood species are included in the Standard.

#### 3.5. Promotion of Wood Use

The Forestry Agency is promoting national initiatives to promote wood use and education on wood use, such as “Kizukai” and “Mokuiku” initiatives.

In 2011, various events were held to provide opportunities to experience the comfort of wood products as a promotional activity of the “International Year of Forests 2011”. A design contest on wood use was also conducted.
### 1. Roles of National Forests

National Forests represent approximately 30% of the total forest area, or almost 20% of the total land area in Japan (Fig.6-1). National Forests perform vital roles in the fulfillment of the multiple functions of forests, including land conservation, water resource development, and conservation of natural environment.

### 2. Management of National Forests

The Forestry Agency is managing National Forests for the maintenance and development of the multiple functions of forests. The Agency categorizes each National Forest into one of three functional types according to its primary function: "land and water conservation forests," "forest-human co-existence forests," and "sustainable resource use forests."

Fig. 6-1: Location of National Forests

The Forestry Agency conducts “forest

conservation projects" for the restoration of devastated forests or the proper management of "conservation forests." Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, the Forest Agency provided human and material support to the devastated areas, while implementing restoration works within the damaged areas.

Recently, the Forest Agency has begun to promote forest management and forest road system development in cooperation with the private forest sector through the establishment of “cooperative forest management areas.”

The Forestry Agency is implementing “model projects” in which a wide range of organizations cooperatively manage National Forests. The Agency also provides access to its National Forests to various organizations for their activity fields, such as “Forests for Students,” “Forests for Voluntary Groups,” “Forests for Corporations,” or “Forests for the Wood Culture.”

The Forestry Agency is promoting thinning activities within National Forests to meet the removal target under the Kyoto Protocol. In 2010, the Forestry Agency thinned 110,000 hectares within the National Forests. The Agency is also promoting wood use in forest civil engineering works.

The Forestry Agency is conducting forest management for the conservation of biodiversity, designating National Forests with diverse forest ecosystems as “Protected Forests,” or “Green Corridors” which connect several “Protected Forests.” The Agency will strengthen its conservation works in the World Natural Heritage areas including Ogasawara islands.
National Forests play an important role in providing a stable supply of domestic wood, providing approximately 20% of the total domestic wood supply. The Forestry Agency is promoting a stable wood supply through agreements with major wood processing companies, such as large-scale lumber mills or plywood factories.

The Forestry Agency has designated National Forests with spectacular landscape suitable for recreational activities as “Recreational Forests.”

The Forestry Agency is contributing to the revitalization of nationwide forest and forestry, through the promotion of thinning for wood use by efficient transportation systems, and the assistance for human resource development projects such as “semi-forester” training courses.

### 3. Reform of National Forest Management Special Account

The Forestry Agency has been making efforts to restore the financial stability of the National Forest Management Special Account through ensuring income from sales of wood and other properties and implementing effective forest management through private consignment. As a result, the Special Account has succeeded in keeping financial balance without external borrowing since FY 2004. In FY2010, the Agency paid off one billion yen of debt in the Special Account.

In December 2011, the Forest Policy Council developed its recommendations on the reform of National Forest Management. In January 2012, the Cabinet decided its fundamental policy for the reform of special accounts in general. In response to these directions, the Forestry Agency proposed legislation to the Diet in March 2012 which will abolish the National Forest Management Special Account in FY2012 and conduct National Forest Management within the General Account budget for the fulfillment of the multiple functional roles of forest and contribution to the revitalization of nationwide forest and forestry (Fig.6-2).

Fig. 6-2: National Forest Management under General Account budget
### 7. Thinned Area and Use of Thinned Wood

Thinned area (1,000ha)	Used volume of thinned wood (million m³)
Total	Private and public forest	National forest	Total	Subtotal	Sawnwood	Roundwood	Others	National forest
2007	521	395	126	5.37	3.44	2.14	0.47	0.83	1.93
2008	548	434	114	5.66	3.68	2.26	0.39	1.03	1.98
2009	585	446	140	6.37	4.23	2.57	0.48	1.18	2.14
2010	556	445	110	6.65	4.43	2.70	0.42	1.31	2.22

Note 1: Used volumes are in log equivalent.

2: Total figures may not agree with the sum of each item due to round off.

Source: Forestry Agency

1990	1995	2000	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Private and public forest	Thinned area (1,000ha)	277	215	304	312	277	281	282	395
Used volume of thinned wood (million m³)	Total	2.34	1.83	2.74	2.83	2.84	2.84	3.24	3.44
Sawnwood	1.70	1.25	1.95	1.85	1.84	1.81	1.96	2.14
Roundwood	0.37	0.34	0.41	0.50	0.45	0.41	0.48	0.47
Others	0.26	0.24	0.38	0.48	0.55	0.62	0.80	0.83

Note 1: Used volumes are in log equivalent.

2: Total figures may not agree with the sum of each item due to round off.

Source: Forestry Agency

### 8. Forest Area by Owners

2010
ha	%
Total	17,627,335	100.0
Private	13,584,004	77.1
Public	3,395,800	19.3
Prefecture	1,248,262	7.1
Public corporation	436,296	2.5
Municipality	1,404,452	8.0
Property ward	306,790	1.7
Incorporated Administrative Agencies	647,531	3.7

Note 1: Total figures may not agree with the sum of each item due to round off.

2: "Incorporated Administrative Agencies" include National University Corporations and Special Corporations.

Source: MAFF "2010 Census of Agriculture and Forestry"

9. Number of Forest Owners and their Forest Area

(Area = ha)

Total	0ha	-3ha	3-5ha	5-20ha	20-50ha	50-100ha	100ha-
Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area	Number	Area
Total	140,186	5,177,452	1,299	-	1,343	1,650	41,049	149,366	69,250	638,990	17,871	509,510	4,892	320,798	4,482	3,557,138
Corporation	6,789	1,512,674	783	-	142	176	595	2,254	1,824	19,486	1,216	38,580	797	55,469	1,432	1,396,709
Private Company	2,534	831,262	523	-	79	100	194	714	623	6,380	382	11,601	201	13,396	532	799,071
Cooperative	3,016	483,989	240	-	61	76	169	650	711	8,228	646	21,091	478	33,720	711	420,224
Agricultural cooperative	119	45,319	-	-	1	2	5	18	17	212	28	935	16	1,185	52	42,967
Forestry cooperative	2,261	296,112	220	-	57	70	82	316	451	5,415	476	15,625	402	28,253	573	246,432
Other cooperatives	636	142,558	20	-	3	4	82	316	243	2,601	142	4,531	60	4,281	86	130,825
Other corporation	1,239	197,423	20	-	2	0	232	890	490	4,878	188	5,887	118	8,354	189	177,414
Non-corporation	131,724	2,051,347	515	-	1,200	1,472	40,400	146,904	67,194	616,812	16,430	463,576	3,873	249,485	2,112	573,098
Individual	125,136	1,759,002	345	-	1,162	1,422	39,012	141,685	64,269	588,125	15,328	429,640	3,392	216,460	1,628	381,670
Public	1,673	1,613,431	1	-	1	2	54	208	232	2,691	225	7,355	222	15,843	938	1,587,331

Source: MAFF "2010 Census of Agriculture and Forestry"
Full text (in Japanese) of the “Annual Report on Forest and Forestry for FY2011” is available on the website of the Forestry Agency:

http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/kikaku/hakusyo/23hakusyo/index.html

Please refer to those texts for further information on the issues contained in this brochure, or ask the Annual Report Group of the Forestry Agency:

Annual Report Group

Policy Planning Division, Forestry Agency

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF)

1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, TOKYO 100-8952

JAPAN

e-mail: mori_hakusho@nm.maff.go.jp
【訓令第2条関係様式例3-1】

## 農林水産公共事業予算に係る一括配分額

農林水産省所管

平成22年度 国有林野事業特別会計

(平成22年3月26日付け配分)

部局等及び科目	一 括 配 分 先 内 訳	摘 要
北 海 道 森 林 管 理	東 北 森 林 管 理	関 東 林 管 理	中 部 森 林 管 理	近 畿 中 国 森 林 管 理	四 国 森 林 管 理	九 州 森 林 管 理	沖 縄 総 合 事 務 局	計
(項) 治山事業費	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円
(目) 国有林野内治山事業費	0	2,607,000	2,738,189	3,482,000	1,394,000	983,000	1,381,900	0	12,586,089
(項) 北海道治山事業費
(目) 国有林野内治山事業費	3,122,346	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,122,346
(項) 離島治山事業費	0	0	14,000	0	0	0	237,360	0	251,360
(目) 国有林野内治山事業費	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,740	0	36,740
(項) 沖縄治山事業費	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,740	0	36,740
(目) 国有林野内治山事業費	3,122,346	2,607,000	2,752,189	3,482,000	1,394,000	983,000	1,656,000	0	15,996,535
【訓令第2条関係様式例3-1】

農林水産公共事業予算に係る一括配分額

農林水産省所管

平成22年度一般会計

(平成22年3月26日付け配分)

部局等及び科目	一 括 配 分 先 内 訳	摘 要
北 森 林 管 理	東 林 管 理	関 森 林 管 理	東 林 管 理	中 森 林 管 理	近 畿 中 国 森 林 管 理	四 森 林 管 理	国 九 森 林 管 理	州 林 管 理	沖 繩 総 合 事 務 局	計
(組 織) 林野庁(項) 沖繩開発事業費(目) 治山事業費補助(目) 森林環境保全整備事業費補助	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円	千円
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,000	18,000
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	27,000
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	45,000
昭和60年度政府関係機関決算書

(第 108 回 国 会 提 出)
## 目次

## 昭和60年度政府関係機関決算書

日本国有鉄道 1
国民金融公庫 41
住宅金融公庫 53
農林漁業金融公庫 69
中小企業金融公庫 83
北海道東北開発公庫 95
公營企業金融公庫 105
中小企業信用保険公庫 115
環境衛生金融公庫 131
沖縄振興開発金融公庫 139
日本開発銀行 153
日本輸出入銀行 165
(參考)

コード番号について 197
( 1 )

昭和60年度日本国有鉄道決算書
# 昭和60年度 1020 日本国有鉄道収入支出決算書

## 收 入 支 出 决 算

1021 損益勘定

昭和60年度日本国有鉄道損益勘定における

収入済額は

5,009,527,701,930 円

であつて

支出済額は

5,051,082,353,639 円

である。

したがつて、支出が収入を超過すること

41,554,651,709 円

である。

なお、本年度における損益計算上の

総收益は

3,734,651,652,893円

であつて

総損失は

総損失は

5,582,431,164,103円

であるので、差引き

1,847,779,511,210円

の利益を生ずる。

次に、収入支出決算に係る各事項の総額を示せば、下表のとおりである。
（4）日本国有鉄道収入支出決算書 収入支出決算 損益勘定

1 収 入
収 入
当 初 予 算 額 (円)	予 算 補 正 追 加 額予算補正修正減少額(△)(円)	合 計 (円)	収 入 済 額 (円)	収入予算額と収入済額との差(△は減)
4,726,723,831,000	0	4,726,723,831,000	5,009,527,701,930	282,803,870,930
2 支 出
支 出 予 算 額	前年度繰越額(円)	予備費使用額(円)	予算総則の規定による経費増額(円)	流用増△減額(円)	支出予算現額(円)	翌年度繰越額(円)
当 初 予 算 額(円)	予算補正追加額予算補正修正減少額(△)(円)	合 計(円)	40,000,000,000△40,000,000,000	298,210,484,000	△19,685,717,124	5,098,745,148,876	45,929,901,000
4,726,723,831,000	0	4,726,723,831,000	93,496,551,000	40,000,000,00040,000,000,000	△19,685,717,124	5,098,745,148,876	45,929,901,000
備 考	予算総則の規定による経費増額の内訳 第5条第1項25,000,000,000 节 第5条第2項64,603,608,000 节 第6条第2項201,000,000,000 节 第9条7,606,876,000 节翌年度繰越額の内訳 日本国有鉄道法(昭和23年法律第256号)第39条の15第1項本文45,929,901,000 节
[収入支出決算額]
1 収 入
項	収 入 予 算 額 (円)	収 入 済 額 (円)	収入予算額と収入済額との差(△は減)	増 减 理 由
01 運 輸 収 入	3,094,467,000,000	3,127,948,270,613	33,481,270,613	旅客及貨物収入が多かつたため
02 雑 収 入	175,426,000,000	243,728,236,441	68,302,336,441	受託工事収入及び運輸雑費収入が多かつたため
03 助 成 金 受 入	242,167,000,000	242,167,000,000	0
04 資 本 勘 定 占 収 入	1,214,663,831,000	1,395,684,094,876	181,020,263,876	資本勘定からの受入が多かつたため
収 入 合 計	4,726,723,831,000	5,009,527,701,930	282,803,870,930
2 支 出
項	支出予算額(円)	前年度線越額(円)	予備費使用額(円)	予算總則第5条第1項の規定による經費增額(円)	予算總則第5条第2項の規定による經費增額(円)	予算總則第6条第2項の規定による經費增額(円)	予算總則第9条の規定による特別給与の經費增額(円)	流用増△減額(円)	支出予算現額(円)	支出済額(円)	翌年度線越額(円)	不 用 額(円)	備 考
01 給与其他諸費	2,229,901,111,000	0	31,868,000,000	25,000,000,000	0	201,000,000,000	7,083,875,000	52,125,770,467	2,546,978,756,467	2,546,978,756,467	0	0	予備費を使用したのは、退職手当の支給が多かつたので諸手当を必要とすることが多かつたため諸手当を要することが多かつたため営業費から21,022,554,158円保守費から8,043,737,082円利子及債務取扱諸費から23,059,479,227円計52,125,770,467円流用
02 営業費	436,185,937,000	0	0	0	0	0	74,575,000	21,022,554,158	415,237,957,842	415,237,957,842	0	0
03 保 守 費	629,754,387,000	66,324,113,000	8,132,000,000	0	0	0	447,830,000	8,043,737,082	696,614,592,918	690,106,422,191	6,508,170,000	727	予備費を使用したのは、雪害等による災害のための保守工事費を要することが多かつたため
04 管理共通費	114,531,806,000	0	0	0	0	0	596,000	1,656,331,026	116,188,733,026	116,188,733,026	0	0	物品費を要することが多かつたため利子及債務取扱諸費から1,656,331,026円流用
05 受託工事費	10,000,000,000	27,172,438,000	0	0	64,603,608,000	0	0	0	101,776,046,000	60,621,421,490	39,421,731,000	1,732,893,510	不用額を生じたのは、受託工事費を要することが少なかったため
06 利子及債務取扱諸費	1,264,291,590,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,401,527,377	1,219,890,062,623	1,219,890,062,623	0	0
06 特定債務整理特別勧定へ繰入	2,059,000,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,059,000,000	2,059,000,000	0	0
09 予備費	40,000,000,000	0	40,000,000,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
支出合計	4,726,723,831,000	93,496,551,000	40,000,000,000	25,000,000,000	64,603,608,000	201,000,000,000	7,606,876,000	19,685,717,124	5,098,745,148,876	5,051,082,353,639	45,929,901,000	1,732,894,237