Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Chart 23 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin)

## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers Classified by Nationality (Place of Origin)

The statistics of the number of illegal foreign workers by region show that the great majority came from Asia (42,818 accounting for 93.2% of the total), followed by South America (accounting for 4.0%) and Africa (accounting for 1.7%). Thus, Asian illegal workers make up a significantly large percentage of the overall illegal workers. In addition, these illegal workers came from 111 countries (or regions), in particular from the Asian region. Ten countries (or regions) were newly added to the 101 countries in 2004, indicating the increasing diversity in the nationalities of the illegal foreign workers.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 14,239, accounting for 31.0% of the total, followed by the Philippines (7,378 accounting for 16.1%), R.O. Korea (6,514 accounting for 14.2%), Thailand (2,816 accounting for 6.1%), and Indonesia (1,844 accounting for 4.0%). These top five countries represented 71.4% of the total. The number of Chinese illegal workers has been consistently increasing, and it almost doubled in 2005 compared to 2001. Illegal workers from the Philippines, Myanmar and Viet Nam have also seen a marked increase. (Chart 23, Table 30)

## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation
Table 30 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	33,508	32,364	34,325	43,059	45,935
Male	19,313	18,610	20,274	25,349	26,232
Female	14,195	13,754	14,051	17,710	19,703
China	7,080	7,087	9,302	12,669	14,239
Male	4,686	4,585	5,997	8,104	8,749
Female	2,394	2,502	3,305	4,565	5,490
Philippines	4,072	3,696	4,108	6,299	7,378
Male	1,352	1,313	1,453	2,263	2,647
Female	2,720	2,383	2,655	4,036	4,731
R.O. Korea	8,400	8,043	6,372	6,192	6,514
Male	3,461	3,249	2,564	2,281	2,274
Female	4,939	4,794	3,808	3,911	4,240
Thailand	2,800	2,538	2,423	2,831	2,816
Male	1,122	1,054	1,030	1,179	1,158
Female	1,678	1,484	1,393	1,652	1,658
Indonesia	1,222	1,254	1,389	1,897	1,844
Male	862	871	975	1,350	1,297
Female	360	383	414	547	547
Malaysia	1,209	1,329	1,638	1,486	1,486
Male	832	917	1,193	1,084	1,060
Female	377	412	445	402	426
Bangladesh	1,102	833	861	1,214	1,405
Male	1,074	806	828	1,166	1,328
Female	28	27	33	48	77
Myanmar	502	518	780	1,356	1,247
Male	390	427	655	1,121	962
Female	112	91	125	235	285
Sri Lanka	685	687	674	891	1,024
Male	581	606	588	799	898
Female	104	81	86	92	126
Viet Nam	275	330	408	732	900
Male	157	201	227	373	490
Female	118	129	181	359	410
Others	6,161	6,049	6,370	7,492	7,082
Male	4,796	4,581	4,764	5,629	5,369
Female	1,365	1,468	1,606	1,863	1,713

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
Chart 24 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by gender

procedures were carried out in 2005 were 26,232 (accounting for 57.1% of the total) and 19,703 (accounting for 42.9% of the total), respectively. The ratios of males and females have been hovering at the same level since 2001.

Among the top countries, the ratio of females exceeded that of males in three countries: the Philippines, R.O. Korea, and Thailand. Males occupied the largest proportion in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. (Chart 24)

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers worked as factory workers (11,786 accounting for 25.7% of the total), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses (7,319 accounting for 15.9%), and construction workers (6,378 accounting for 13.9%), showing the same tendency as in 2004.

According to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as factory workers, followed by construction workers and other labor workers, while the largest number of females worked as attendants such as hostesses, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. (Table 31)

## 3 Outline of Judgments of Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Findings of Cases of Violation

Under the deportation procedures, after an immigration control officer conducts an
Table 31 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

Job Categories	Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	33,508	32,364	34,325	43,059	45,935
Male	19,313	18,610	20,274	25,349	26,232
Female	14,195	13,754	14,051	17,710	19,703
Factory worker	8,413	7,084	7,156	10,440	11,786
Male	6,210	5,181	5,146	7,402	8,447
Female	2,203	1,903	2,010	3,038	3,339
Hostess or entertaining customers	Male	6,009	5,081	5,057	6,597	7,319
Female	362	236	184	229	258
Male	5,647	4,845	4,873	6,368	7,061
Construction worker	5,330	4,790	5,468	6,228	6,378
Male	5,290	4,757	5,426	6,185	6,331
Female	40	33	42	43	47
Waitress or bartender	2,595	2,653	2,919	3,471	4,091
Male	1,043	1,030	1,235	1,401	1,518
Female	1,552	1,623	1,684	2,070	2,573
Cook	1,939	2,052	2,534	3,592	3,199
Male	1,256	1,296	1,845	2,591	2,224
Female	683	756	689	1,001	975
Other labor worker	2,158	2,462	2,140	2,636	2,858
Male	1,691	1,945	1,739	2,185	2,264
Female	467	517	401	451	594
Others	7,064	8,242	9,051	10,095	10,304
Male	3,461	4,165	4,699	5,356	5,190
Female	3,603	4,077	4,352	4,739	5,114

Table 32 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice (Ca

Division	Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Received	41,357 (449)	42,504 (497)	46,535 (548)	56,018 (596)	57,569 (286)
Finished	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	2	3	2	4	7
Issuance of written deportation order	34,711	33,607	34,855	40,771	32,284
Request for hearing	5,998	8,254	11,003	13,969	12,446
Issuance of written departure order	—	—	—	918	12,227
Not finished, others	646	640	675	356	605
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Received	6,514 (493)	9,067 (785)	12,092 (1,061)	14,869 (866)	13,002 (518)
Finished	Error in the findings	—	—	—	—	—
Issuance of written deportation order	56	104	102	113	137
Filing an objection	5,637	7,872	11,081	14,191	12,056
Issuance of written departure order	—	—	—	—	—
Not finished, others	821	1,091	906	565	809
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Received	6,562 (864)	8,378 (607)	11,738 (628)	14,897 (703)	12,533 (461)
Finished	Objection with reason	7	—	8	—	—
Objection without reason	5,916	7,711	11,204	14,412	11,922
Issuance of written departure order	—	—	—	—	—
Not finished, others	639	667	521	485	611
Request for hearing	Received for hearing	14.5	19.4	23.6	24.9	21.6
Receipt of violation examination (%)

(*) The numbers indicated in ( ) are carry-over cases from a previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.
Chart 25 Changes in the numbers and percentages of requests for a hearing

investigation of the violation by a foreign national, an immigration inspector examines whether the foreign national (suspect) should be deported. The number of such examinations of violations was 57,569 in 2005. (Table 32)

The number of requests for hearings conducted after examination of the violation has been significantly increasing from 1,022 in 1994 to 5,998 in 2001 and 12,446 in 2005. The number in 2005 had slightly decreased from 2004, but remains at a high level over 10,000. This increase was probably caused by a rise in the number of foreign nationals who voluntarily surrendered themselves to a regional immigration bureau in the hopes of staying in Japan because they had formed relationships such as marriage and cohabitation with Japanese nationals. (Chart 25)

For the same reason, the number of objections, which a foreign national who is not satisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing may file with the Minister of Justice, has also been increasing and reached 12,056 in 2005. (Table 32)

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the foreign nationals for whom violation examinations were conducted came from 127 countries and regions (excluding those who were stateless) in 2005, showing a clear trend of multi-nationalization.

There has been an increase in the number of cases in which it is difficult to find an appropriate interpreter or in which the foreign national in question has applied for recognition of refugee status. The Immigration Bureau should therefore handle these cases quickly and carefully in order not to make the foreign national wait in an unstable state for a long period of time. The Immigration Bureau is making efforts to handle such cases carefully and efficiently by compiling a list of interpreters, finding good interpreters as quickly as possible, conducting fact-finding surveys, and making inquiries to related agencies.
## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2005 decreased to its lowest number in the last five years at 33,520.

This decrease was probably because foreign nationals against whom a written deportation order had previously been issued under the conventional system have become able to depart from Japan under a departure order due to the start of full-scale implementation of the departure order system (put into force on December 2, 2004) in 2005. The total number of written deportation orders and written departure orders issued was 42,992 in 2004 while 45,747 in 2005.

According to the statistics of the number of written deportation orders issued in 2005 by grounds for deportation, the most common reason was overstay (20,764), accounting for 61.9% of the total. Although the proportion of overstay still exceeded the majority, it has decreased since 1999, when overstaying accounted for 80.9%. On the other hand, the proportion of illegal entry increased from 21.8% in 2001 to 28.1% in 2005. This increase was considered to be attributable mainly to the continuing influx of illegal entrants using forged

Table 33 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation (Case

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	35,408	34,455	35,850	42,074	33,520
Overstay	26,145	25,176	25,383	29,802	20,764
Illegal entry	7,719	7,244	8,058	9,296	9,427
Illegal landing	688	712	707	873	635
Activity other than those permitted	567	848	1,168	1,380	1,874
Criminal offenses etc.	222	399	438	617	701
Others	67	76	96	106	119

Chart 26 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality (place of origin)
Table 34 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality (place of origin) (Cases)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	35,408	34,455	35,850	42,074	33,520
China	8,065	8,357	10,936	13,461	10,909
Philippines	3,578	3,435	3,778	5,313	4,421
Korea	8,836	8,371	6,320	5,708	3,955
Thailand	2,552	2,391	2,272	2,521	1,895
Indonesia	1,319	1,315	1,496	1,946	1,380
Bangladesh	1,110	858	877	1,157	1,336
Malaysia	1,220	1,371	1,652	1,472	990
Myanmar	537	503	770	1,353	929
Sri Lanka	748	756	752	991	896
Viet Nam	282	356	429	819	692
Others	7,161	6,742	6,568	7,333	6,117

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

or altered passports and other documents as well as to the establishment of the departure order system. In addition, the total number of cases of criminal offenses and cases of engagement in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted has continuously increased since 2001, and their proportion in the total increased from 2.2% in 2001 to 7.7%. (Table 33)

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin) in 2005, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (10,909 accounting for 32.5%), followed by the Philippines (4,421 accounting for 13.2%), Korea (3,955 accounting for 11.8%), Thailand (1,895 accounting for 5.7%), Indonesia (1,380 accounting for 4.1%), and Bangladesh (1,336 accounting for 4.0%). According to the statistics for the period from 2001 to 2005, Korea, which used to rank first, steadily decreased to less than half of the number of 2001, while China significantly increased and moved into the top spot in 2003, accounting for more than 30% of the total. The Philippines, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam also show an increasing trend. (Chart 26, Table 34)

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2005, the number of foreign nationals detained under written detention orders who were accorded provisional release was 1,457, while the number of foreign nationals detained under written deportation orders who were accorded provisional release was 769. This was

Table 35 Changes in the number of cases of provisional release permission (Cases)

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
By written detention order	4,782	4,477	4,284	1,180	1,457
By written deportation order	219	347	262	382	769
because the immigration control administration flexibly used the provisional release system owing to noticeable increases in the length of detention periods due to difficulty in deportation and other such reasons as health conditions and other humanitarian concerns. (Table 35)

## (4) Special Permission to Stay

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay from the Minister of Justice increased by 5,528 from 5,306 in 2001 to 10,834 in 2005. The number exceeded 10,000 for three consecutive years. It had significantly risen from less than 500 before 1993. Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay had established close relationships such as marriage with Japanese nationals and had, in fact, settled down in Japan in many respects i.e., the foreign national had a settled, married life with a Japanese national and had not violated any laws or ordinances other than the Immigration Control Act. (Table 36)

Table 36 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by grounds for deportation (Cases

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	5,306	6,995	10,327	13,239	10,834
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	1,369	1,068	1,374	2,188	2,077
Overstay	3,743	5,726	8,743	10,697	8,483
Criminal offenses etc.	194	201	210	354	274

## 4 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of foreign nationals deported decreased by 8,734 (down 20.8%) from 2004 to 33,192 in 2005. This was because foreign nationals who departed from Japan in response to a departure order were excluded from this number with the start of implementation of the departure order system in December 2004 (see 5 below).

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (11,209 accounting for 33.8% of the total), followed by the Philippines (4,961 accounting for 14.9%), R.O. Korea (3,962 accounting for 11.9%), Thailand (1,930 accounting for 5.8%), and Bangladesh (1,271 accounting for 3.8%). (Table 37)

According to the statistics by measures of deportation, 95.8% of foreign nationals who had been issued a deportation order were deported at their own expense (“voluntary departure”), making up the vast majority. On the other hand, the number of foreign
Table 37 Changes in the number of deportees by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	35,380	33,788	35,911	41,926	33,192
China	7,981	8,290	11,027	13,408	11,209
Philippines	3,602	3,237	3,780	5,207	4,961
R.O. Korea	8,881	8,287	6,381	5,696	3,962
Thailand	2,559	2,309	2,299	2,527	1,930
Bangladesh	1,144	840	895	1,223	1,271
Indonesia	1,352	1,305	1,567	2,009	1,241
Malaysia	1,266	1,346	1,656	1,519	1,179
Sri Lanka	786	737	745	1,005	821
Myanmar	565	482	680	1,333	778
Iran	1,151	1,074	850	673	620
Others	6,093	5,881	6,031	7,326	5,220

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 38 Changes in the number of deportees by measure of deportation (People)

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	35,380	33,788	35,911	41,926	33,192
Voluntary departure	33,882	32,068	33,914	40,480	31,811
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	1,302	1,481	1,642	1,313	1,177
Deportation individually at the expense of the government	55	76	95	119	192
Deportation in group at the expense of the government	141	163	260	—	—
Others	—	—	—	7	—
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	—	—	—	7	12

(* 1 ) Deportation in groups at the expense of the government includes cases where both the

Japanese government and the deportee’s homeland government bore the expenses.

$ ^{*} $ 2 “Others” are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each deportees.

nationals who need to be individually deported at national expense has been increasing, and the number of foreign nationals individually deported at national expense increased about 3.5 times compared to 2001, reaching 192, in 2005. (Table 38)

## (1) Deportation at the Expense of the Government

As foreign nationals violating the Act stay longer and have diversifying lifestyles, an increasing number of foreign nationals who have been issued a deportation order suffer from illness, refuse deportation for various reasons, or remain detained for a long period of time because they cannot afford travel expenses. Of these foreign nationals, the number of those deported at national expense in consideration of individual circumstances increased by 73.

Table 39 Changes in the number of collective deportations to China

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Times	2	2	3	0	0
Number of deportees	141	163	260	0	0
(up 61.3%) from 119 in 2004 to 192 in 2005.

In addition, Chinese illegal immigrants detected at the border as collective stowaways were deported as a group in the past. However, collective deportation has not been conducted since 2004 due to a significant decrease in the number of collective stowaways detected. (Table 39)

## (2) Deportation at the Expense of the Foreign National (Voluntary Departure)

Deportees who were deported at their own expense decreased by 8,669 (down 21.4%) from 2004 to 31,811 in 2005. This was because foreign nationals who departed from Japan in response to a departure order were excluded from this number with the start of implementation of the departure order system in December 2004 (see 5 below).

Around 95% of the deported foreign nationals are deported at their own expense every year. However, an increasing number of them, who desire to be deported at their own expense, do not have a passport, an airplane ticket, or enough money for travel costs. Therefore, it may take a considerable amount of time before they are able to obtain a passport and other necessities, and are deported at their own expense.

In order to deport such nationals as quickly as possible, the Immigration Bureau not only carries out deportation procedures but also requests that the foreign nationals to be deported make contact with relevant people in Japan, or in their home countries in order to obtain an airplane ticket or money for travel costs. For any foreign national who does not have a passport, the Immigration Bureau asks the relevant foreign mission in Japan to issue a passport for him as quickly as possible. (Table 40)

Table 40 Changes in the number of deportees by voluntary departure classified by nationality (place of origin) (Peo

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	33,882	32,068	33,914	40,480	31,811
China	7,593	7,627	9,931	12,919	10,621
Philippines	3,498	3,089	3,655	5,101	4,810
R.O. Korea	8,842	8,216	6,326	5,656	3,912
Thailand	2,304	2,090	2,159	2,370	1,865
Bangladesh	1,099	816	875	1,211	1,258
Indonesia	1,238	1,278	1,525	1,989	1,224
Malaysia	1,244	1,335	1,653	1,519	1,179
Myanmar	489	457	664	1,329	774
Sri Lanka	708	718	706	929	766
Viet Nam	275	334	409	795	558
Others	6,592	6,108	6,011	6,662	4,844

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (3) Sending Back at the Expense of and on the Responsibility of the Carriers

Any carrier that transported a foreign national who is issued a deportation order must send him back at their own expense and on their own responsibility (the deportation specified in Article 59 of the Immigration Control Act) under certain conditions. The number of foreign nationals deported in this way was 1,177, having decreased by 136 (down 10.4%) from 2004. (Table 36)

## 5 Departure Orders

## (1) Outline

The departure order system was newly established by the amendment of the Immigration Control Act of 2004 for the purpose of encouraging illegal foreign residents to appear at immigration offices voluntarily. It has entered into force on December 2, 2004. Under the system, if a foreign national who appears at an immigration office voluntarily satisfies certain requirements, he may depart from Japan without being detained in accordance with simple procedures, and the landing denial period for him will be shortened from five years to one year.

## (2) Investigation of Violations

The number of foreign nationals who were handed over from immigration control officers to immigration inspectors through the departure order procedures was 12,239 in 2005, accounting for 21.4% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Immigration Control Act.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (3,779 accounting for 30.9% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (2,206 accounting for

Table 41 Number of foreign nationals handed over under a departure order by nationality (place of origin) (2005) (Pe

ArticleNationality(Place of Origin)	Total	24-2-2	24-4-b	24-6	24-6-2	24-7
Total	12,239	0	11,303	419	2	515
China	3,779	0	3,637	102	0	40
R.O. Korea	2,206	0	2,143	5	0	58
Philippines	1,745	0	1,480	75	0	190
Indonesia	673	0	593	67	1	12
Thailand	507	0	384	49	0	74
Malaysia	323	0	323	0	0	0
Viet Nam	309	0	301	1	0	7
Sri Lanka	294	0	277	12	0	5
Mongolia	272	0	252	18	0	2
Peru	255	0	221	0	0	34
Others	1,876	0	1,692	90	1	93

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
18.0%), the Philippines (1,745 accounting for 14.3%), Indonesia (673 accounting for 5.5%), and Thailand (507 accounting for 4.1%). (Table 41)

## (3) Examination

### A. Receipt and Findings of Cases

The number of foreign nationals handed over by immigration control officers as those subject to a departure order was 12,239 in 2005.

In the departure order system, foreign nationals subject to a departure order are those who have voluntarily appeared at a regional immigration bureau wishing to depart from Japan. Therefore, such foreign nationals are promptly handled after being handed over by immigration control officers. In 2005, 12,230 such foreign nationals were handled, and three of them were sent back to the immigration control officers on the grounds that they did not fulfill the requirements for a departure order.

### B. Issuance of a Written Departure Order

The number of foreign nationals who were recognized as subject to a departure order and to whom a written departure order was issued was 12,227.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (3,777 accounting for 30.9% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (2,206 accounting for 18.0%), the Philippines (1,742 accounting for 14.2%), Indonesia (670 accounting for 5.5%), and Thailand (507 accounting for 4.1%). (Table 42)

Table 42 Changes in the number of issuance of written departure orders by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2004	2005
Total	918	12,227
China	252	3,777
Korea	133	2,206
Philippines	276	1,742
Indonesia	46	670
Thailand	36	507
Malaysia	20	324
Viet Nam	19	304
Sri Lanka	15	295
Mongolia	18	273
Peru	19	254
Others	84	1,875

(*1) “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

$ ^{*} $ 2) The number of issuance in 2004 is counted after December 2, 2004 (when departure order system was in effect).