Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
remain harsh, though showing a mild recovery. These factors contributed to the small increase in the number of newly entering foreign nationals with these statuses of residence.

Every year, a considerable number of foreign nationals with the status of residence of “College Student” or “Pre-college Student” are allowed to change their statuses to the status of residence of “Engineer” or “Specialist in Humanities/International Services” for employment purposes after finishing their studies. (5,359 foreign nationals were allowed to change their status of residence in 2005). They contributed to the increase in the number of foreign nationals residing in Japan, while not included in the number of foreign nationals newly entering Japan with such statuses of residence.

According to the statistics on the status of residence of “Engineer” by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Engineer” came from China, followed by R.O. Korea, India and the Philippines. Even more noticeable, India, abundant with human resources for computer-related technology has steadily been increasing its presence in the number of newly entering foreign nationals since 2001. Indian engineers may be in greater demand in the future in such fields as program development if the Japanese IT-related industry expands further.

Regarding the number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Specialist in Humanities/International Services,” the statistics by nationality (place of origin) show that the largest number came from the US, followed by the UK, Canada, and Australia. These top four countries accounted for 65.2% of the total number of newly entering foreign nationals with this status of residence. With regard to newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Intra-company Transferee,” the statistics by nationality (place of origin) show that the largest number came from China, followed by R.O. Korea, the US and the Philippines.

### b. “Skilled Labor” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 16-1)

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Skilled Labor” has been on the decrease since 2001, but the figure increased in 2004. In 2005, the number of such foreign nationals increased by 848 (up 38.4%) from 2004 to 3,059.

As shown in Section 2, 1(4) below, the number of registered foreign nationals in Japan with the status of residence of “Skilled Labor” has been increasing every year since 2001, reaching 15,112 as of the end of December 2005.

As already explained in a. above, the number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Skilled Labor” has not increased that much mainly because the foreign nationals tend to stay in Japan for a longer time. On the other hand, the number of registered foreign nationals has been consistently increasing, suggesting that skilled foreign
workers are increasing in Japan.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Skilled Labor” came from China, followed by Nepal, India and R.O. Korea in 2005. This was due in part to the fact that most of the foreign nationals with this status of residence were chefs of foreign cuisine.

### c. “Professor” and “Instructor” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 3-1, 11-1)

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Professor” decreased by 86 (down 3.7%) from a year earlier to 2,253 in 2005.

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Instructor” has seen a decreasing trend since 2002. The number of foreign nationals with this status decreased by 226 (down 7.1%) from a year earlier to 2,954 in 2005.

### d. “Legal/Accounting Services” and “Medical Services” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 8-1, 9-1)

A foreign national is unable to obtain the status of residence of “Legal/Accounting Services” or “Medical Services” unless he is legally qualified to provide the services in Japan. In many cases, a foreign national will change his status to either of these statuses if he obtains the required qualification after entering Japan with some other status of residence. Therefore, it is very rare to see a foreign national enter Japan with the status of residence of “Legal/Accounting Services” or “Medical Services.”

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Legal/Accounting Services” was 2 in 2005: one from China and one from Pakistan.

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Medical Services” was 2 in 2005: one from China (Taiwan) and one from R.O. Korea.

### e. “Entertainer” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 15-1)

Although the number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Entertainer” has been steadily increasing since 2001, it decreased significantly, by 35,537 (down 26.3%) from a year earlier to 99,342 in 2005. However, such foreign nationals still represent the largest proportion of total foreign nationals with the statuses of residence for employment.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Entertainer” came from the Philippines, followed by China, the US, and Russia in 2005. The Philippines has, as in the past, remained in the top spot, accounting for 48.1% of the total. The total number of Philippine entertainers was
47,765, consisting mostly of singers and dancers.

## (C) Foreign Nationals Entering Japan for the Purpose of Study

a. “Trainee” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 21-1)

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Trainee” increased by 7,960 (up 10.6%) from a year earlier and reached 83,319 in 2005, marking an all-time high.

According to the statistics by region, the number of Asian trainees is still on the rise, reaching 77,775 in 2005 and accounting for 93.3% of the total. This is because Asian nations, particularly Japan's neighboring countries, are very eager to send their students to Japan. This upward trend is expected to continue on account of the close relations between Asian countries and Japan in various fields. In addition to Asia, Africa sent 1,705 trainees (2.0% of the total) to Japan, while Europe also dispatched 1,335 trainees (1.6%) to Japan. (Chart 7)

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Trainee” came from China at 55,156 in 2005, accounting for 66.2% of the total. China was followed by Indonesia (4,788, or 5.7%), Viet Nam (4,371, or 5.2%) and the Philippines (4,311, or 5.2%) in 2005. (Chart 8)

### b. “College Student” and “Pre-college Student” (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 19-1,20-1)

The number of newly entering foreign nationals with the status of residence of “College Student” increased by 1,426 (up 6.5%) from a year earlier to 23,384 in 2005. The number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Pre-college Student” increased by 3,063 (up 20.4%) from a year earlier and reached 18,090 in 2005. The number of these foreign nationals increased again in 2005 though it decreased once in 2004.

According to the statistics by region, most of the new arrivals with the status of residence of “College Student” or “Pre-college Student” came from Asia, accounting for 75.5% of the total number of foreign students with the status of residence of “College Student” and 92.1% with the status of residence of “Pre-college Student.” (Charts 9, 10)

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), China occupied the largest number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “College Student,” standing at 8,024 (34.3% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (4,078, or 17.4%). The number of Chinese college students decreased by 109 (down 1.3%) from 2004, while that of South Korean college students increased by 445 (up 12.2%).

As for the status of residence of “Pre-college Student,” the largest number of new arrivals came from China at 8,938, accounting for 49.4% of the total, followed by R.O. Korea (4,293, or 23.7%) in 2005. The number of Chinese pre-college students significantly increased by 3,233.
Chart 7 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of (People) residence of “Trainee” by region

Chart 8 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Trainee” by major nationality (place of origin)
Chart 9 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “College Student” by region

Chart 10 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Pre-college Student” by region

(*) The number of “Stateless” is not included in this chart.
Chart 11 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “College Student” by major nationality (place of origin)

Chart 12 Changes in the number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Pre-college Student” by major nationality (place of origin)
(up 56.7%), while that of South Korean pre-college students slightly decreased by 256 (down 5.6%). (Charts 11, 12)

### c. Working Holiday

The working holiday program provides young people of participating countries with opportunities to learn about foreign cultures and experience daily lifestyles in foreign countries. To such end, the working holiday program allows young holiday travelers to enter a country, which participates in the working holiday program, for a certain period and grants them a work permit so that they can work concomitantly to compensate for their travel expenses. In principle, program participants must be 18 to 25 years old (or 30 years old in some cases) and are allowed to stay in Japan for a maximum of one year. They are not allowed to extend their period of stay.

Japan has agreed to the working holiday program with the following partner nations: Australia (effective since December 1, 1980), New Zealand (effective since July 1, 1985), Canada (effective since March 1, 1986), R.O. Korea (effective since April 1, 1999), France (effective since July 15, 2000), Germany (effective since December 1, 2000) and the UK (effective since April 16, 2001).

In 2005, Japan accepted 4,609 foreign nationals under the working holiday programs, decreasing by 2,000 from a year earlier. According to the statistics by nationality, R.O. Korea

Table 5 The number of foreign nationals entering Japan with the “Working Holiday” status, and the number of working holiday visas granted to Japanese travelers Above: People

Year Nationality	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Australia	906	1,044	1,956	1,944	1,154
Japan	9,510	9,717	9,843	9,955	9,351
Canada	712	770	1,107	1,155	725
Japan	4,346	4,207	5,318	4,937	5,429
New Zealand	325	307	377	275	196
Japan	3,841	4,081	4,032	3,789	3,093
R.O. Korea	698	749	1,835	2,105	1,697
Japan	262	344	363	387	460
France	191	214	363	421	341
Japan	344	400	375	525	550
Germany	77	99	183	243	199
Japan	444	582	578	550	529
United Kingdom	120	232	446	466	297
Japan	400	402	407	421	358

(*) Number of visas issued to Japan nationals for Working-Holiday by country of Destination: source “Japan Working-Holiday Association Corp.”
made up the largest number of working holiday participants (1,697) in 2005, followed by Australia (1,154), Canada (725), France (341), the UK (297), Germany (199) and New Zealand (196). (Table 5)

(D) Foreign Nationals Entering Japan with the Status of Residence of Resident Activities Based on Civil Status or Position (Data Section 1, Statistics (1) 25-1, 26-1,27-1)

When foreign nationals enter Japan for resident activities based on civil status or position, one of three types of statuses of residence namely “Spouse or Child of Japanese National,” “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident,” or “Long Term Resident” will be given.

No foreign nationals newly entering Japan can obtain the status of residence of

Chart 13 Changes in the number of new arrivals by the status of residence categories for activities based on civil status or position
“Permanent Resident” because that status is granted only to foreign nationals who have lived in Japan for a certain period of time.

The number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” reached 24,026 in 2005, while that of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” reached 990. In 2005, the number for “Spouse or Child of Japanese National” increased by 943 (up 4.1%) from a year earlier, while that for “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” increased by 183 (up 22.7%) from a year earlier.

The number of new arrivals under “Long Term Resident” increased by 2,449 (up 7.8%) from a year earlier and reached 33,756 in 2005. According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of new arrivals with the status of residence of “Long Term Resident” came from Brazil at 23,522, accounting for 69.7% of the total. In 2005, Brazil was followed by China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) (3,248, accounting for 9.6%), the Philippines (3,109, accounting for 9.2%) and Peru (2,402, accounting for 7.1%). (Chart 13)

## 2 Judgment for Landing

## (1) Receipt and Findings of Hearings for Landing and Filing of Objections

The procedure for the landing examination consists of three steps. The second and third step, namely the hearing for landing and the decision of the Minister of Justice, are together called the "judgment for landing." Any foreign national who is found not to meet the conditions for landing in Japan in the landing examination conducted by an immigration inspector will be handed over to a special inquiry officer, who will conduct a hearing for landing (Article 9, Paragraph 4 of the Immigration Control Act).

The number of newly received cases for the hearing for landing (the number of cases which are assigned to a special inquiry officer on account of a foreign national having been found not to meet the conditions for landing in the landing examination by an immigration inspector) has seen on a decreasing trend since hitting a peak of 21,007 in 2001. In 2005, the number increased by 451 (up 2.8%) from a year earlier to 16,665. However, in comparison to 2001, the number shows a decrease of 4,342 (down 20.7%).

The most common cases were those in which foreign nationals were required to undergo a hearing for landing because they were suspected of submitting false landing applications such as pretending to be tourists and so forth even though the real purpose of entry was illegal work and other illegal activities (not meeting the conditions provided for in Article 7, Paragraph 1(2) of the Immigration Control Act). The number of such cases was 13,242 in 2005.

The second largest number of cases were those in which foreign nationals were suspected of not having valid passports or visas such as trying to enter Japan using forged or altered passports (not meeting the conditions provided for in Article 7, Paragraph 1(1) of the Act).
The number of such cases was 2,102 in 2005, decreasing after hitting a peak of 3,205 in 2001. In 2005, the number decreased by 320 (down 13.2%) from a year earlier and by 1,103 (down 34.4%) from 2001. Illegal entry attempts without a valid passport or visa accounted for 12.6% of the total cases newly received in 2005, and the proportion thereof has been continuously decreasing since 2002.

The number of cases which were assigned to special inquiry officers because they were suspected of falling under one of the reasons for denial of landing (not meeting the conditions provided for in Article 7, Paragraph 1(4) of the Act) was 1,313 in 2005, an increase of 698 (up 113.5%) from 2004. (Table 6)

In 2004, the number of cases in which foreign nationals were ordered to leave Japan because they were found not to meet the conditions for landing at a hearing by a special inquiry officer were found to have decreased from 2001 to 2003, but in 2004 the number increased by 2,484 (up 43.7%) from 2003. In 2005, the number decreased by 48 (0.6%) from 2004.

The number of cases in which foreign nationals filed objections with the Minister of Justice because they were not satisfied with the findings by a special inquiry officer that they did not meet the conditions for landing was 1,400 in 2005. (Table 7)

Table 6 Changes in the number of cases assigned to special inquiry officers for a hearing by conditions for landing

(Cases)

Year Conditions for landing	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	21,007	17,973	17,943	16,214	16,666
Using fake passports or visas (Not conforming to Article 7-1-1)	3,205	3,134	2,959	2,422	2,102
False landing application (Not conforming to Article 7-1-2)	17,456	14,280	14,531	13,177	13,243
Not meeting the period of stay (Not conforming to Article 7-1-3)	1	3	2	0	8
Not conforming to the reasons for denial of landing (Not conforming to Article 7-1-4)	345	556	451	615	1,313

Table 7 Changes in the number of the findings of hearings by special inquiry officers

(Cases)

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	20,990	18,000	17,942	16,214	16,660
Landing permission	11,033	9,147	9,079	5,309	5,843
Expulsion order	7,171	5,975	5,690	8,174	8,126
Filing of objection	979	1,052	1,237	1,231	1,400
Withdrawal landing application	280	190	231	293	296
Others	1,527	1,636	1,705	1,207	995

(*) “Others” includes cases where the jurisdiction has changed or the application has been withdrawn owing to the departure, escape or death of the applicant during the hearing for landing by the special inquiry officer.
(2) Foreign Nationals Who Fall under Any of the Reasons for Denial of Landing

In principle, foreign nationals denied permission for landing are those who (1) are ordered to leave Japan after a hearing for landing or (2) are ordered to leave Japan after the results of filing an objection with the Minister of Justice.

In 2005, the number of foreign nationals denied permission for landing decreased by 233 (down 2.1%) from a year earlier, but the number has remained at a level over 10,000, except for 2002 (9,133) and 2003 (9,806).

In recent years, we have seen an increase in the number of cases in which foreign nationals use elaborately forged or altered passports or cases in which applicants for landing team up with brokers or other people to engage in illegal activities in Japan making up a story. This trend indicates that foreign nationals trying to land in Japan with fraudulent intent use more sophisticated methods than before. These types of illegal attempts are expected to increase in the future because more and more foreign nationals are visiting Japan.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of foreign nationals denied permission for landing came consistently from R.O. Korea, but the number saw a decrease after reaching 2,525 in 2001. However, it started to increase again in 2004 and reached 3,373 in 2005, registering the largest number for the past five years. (Chart 14, Table 8)

Chart 14 Changes in the number of foreign nationals who were denied landing by major nationality (place of origin)
Table 8 Changes in the number of foreign nationals denied landing by nationality (place of origin) (Pe

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Total	10,400	9,133	9,806	10,955	10,722
R.O. Korea	2,525	2,459	2,290	3,309	3,373
China	748	1,000	1,304	956	1,088
Philippines	519	324	402	723	878
Sri Lanka	178	113	213	363	615
China (Taiwan)	563	719	759	731	604
Indonesia	744	435	572	330	465
India	218	201	174	255	343
Turkey	506	290	406	448	303
China (Hong Kong)	45	129	198	299	217
Viet Nam	56	41	18	116	216
Others	4,298	3,422	3,470	3,425	2,620

## (3) Special Permission for Landing

The Minister of Justice may, even if he finds that the objection filed is without reason, grant special permission for landing if the applicant (1) has received re-entry permission, or (2) has entered Japan under the control of another person due to human trafficking, or (3) if the Minister of Justice finds special circumstances which warrant granting special permission for landing. (Article 12, Paragraph 1 of Immigration Control Act)

In 2005, the Minister of Justice granted special landing permission to 1,157 foreign nationals, an increase of 136 (up 13.3%) from 2004. (Table 9)

Table 9 Changes in the number of filings of objections and decisions by the Minister of Justice (Cases)

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Division
Filing of Objection (*)	989	1,086	1,239	1,232	1,400
Decisions	With reason	—	8	1	1	6
Without reason (Order to leave Japan)	113	109	133	197	209
Special Permission for Landing	836	963	1,104	1,021	1,157
Withdrawal	6	4	—	13	27
Outstanding	34	2	1	—	1

(*) “Filing of objections” includes the number of outstanding cases of the previous year.
## 3 Pre-entry Examination

## (1) Advance Consultation for Issuance of Visas

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which is in charge of visa administration, coordinates with the Ministry of Justice, which is in charge of immigration administration, with regard to the entry of foreign nationals. The Minister of Foreign Affairs consults with the Minister of Justice as the need arises, on whether a visa should be issued to a certain foreign national. This is called advance consultation for issuance of visas.

The number of cases of advance consultation for visa issuance reached 3,690 in 2005, decreasing by 1,947 (down 34.5%) from 2004.

This decrease is probably due to a decrease in the number of visa applications. However, it is helpful to utilize advance consultation which allows Japan’s immigration control administration to check fraudulent visa applications carefully. (Table 10)

Table 10 Changes in the number of cases of pre-entry examination

Year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
Division	5,168	8,255	5,320	5,637	3,690
Advance consultation for issuance of a visa	321,590	332,984	361,636	386,129	368,578
Application for Certificate of Eligibility	321,590	332,984	361,636	386,129	368,578

## (2) Certificate of Eligibility

The system of certificate of eligibility was introduced by the amended Immigration Control Act which entered into force in 1990. This system enables any foreign national who presents or submits a certificate of eligibility to obtain a visa and permission for landing quickly.

In 2005, the number of cases of applications for a certificate of eligibility was 368,578, a decrease of 17,551 (down 4.5%) from 2004. (Table 10)

Certificate of Eligibility