Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## Section 5 Budget and Equipments of Police

## (1) NPA Budget

The police budgets are comprised of the NPA budget and the Prefectural Police budget. Among these, the NPA budget includes monies disbursed by the National Treasury for Prefectural Police expenses as well as subsidies for the Prefectural Police. In FY2008, the per capita police budget was approximately 28,000 yen.

## 1 ) NPA Budget

Initial budget of FY2008

• Total amount: 273.529 billion yen

• Rise of 13.022 billion yen (5.0%) from the previous fiscal year

• 0.6% of the national general account

Take prioritized measures on strengthening preventive measures against terrorism and response structure to emergency

Supplementary budget of FY2008

•No. 1 supplementary budge Total 10.12 billion yen

Take prioritized measures for analysis/identification of food safety-related offenses

Take prioritized measures for improving equipment

•No. 2 supplementary budge Total 1.095 billion yen

Take prioritized measures for improving equipment for Furikome fraud countermeasures

## 2 ) Prefectural Police

• Total amount: 3,372.33 billion yen

• Fall of 44.080 billion yen (1.3%) from the previous fiscal year

• 6.8% of the prefectural general account

* Each prefecture compiles taking crime situation and financial situation into consideration

## Diagram 5-7 NPA Budget (After the Final Correction for FY2008)

## Diagram 5-8 Prefectural Police Budget (After the Final Correction for FY2008)

## (2) Equipment of Police

## 1 ) Improvement of Vehicles

Throughout Japan, police are equipped with approximately 39,000 vehicles, which include patrol cars and white police motorcycles. In 2008, the number
of vehicles, including ones required for supporting victims of the crimes, organized crime countermeasures was increased to respond to drug offenses, organized crime, terrorism and crime victims, as well as to strengthen the mobile power of the Prefectural Police.

## 2 ) Development and Improvement of Equipments

In FY2008, in addition to lifesaving equipment for use during large-scale disasters, equipment for cyber crime, inter-prefectural intelligence crimes, organized crime, and other countermeasures was upgraded.

Moreover, the development and improvement of equipment is being promoted through the introduction of the most advanced science and technology for streamlining and upgrading operations. During the same fiscal year, the police strove to develop and improve equipment for preventing incidents resulting in injuries as well as for security measures.
### Section 6. Police Info-Communication Systems to Support Police Activities

Police info-communications are an essential foundation for police activities. In order for the police to immediately respond to crimes, accidents, and disasters of all types and in all locations, various types of info-communication systems have been developed independently and installed throughout Japan. Efforts are also being made to increase their sophistication.

## (1) Info-Communication Systems to Support Police Activities

## 1 ) Info-Communication Systems to Support Crisis Management

A national network links together various bodies including the NPA, RPBs, Prefectural Police Headquarters, police stations and kobans via media such as wireless multiplex lines, specialized lines for electronic transmissions, operations workers, and satellite transmission lines which the police independently install, maintain, and manage. This network also generates a variety of mobile communications systems that transmit information essential for the execution of police duties.

For matters such as the management and operation of the system, Info-communications departments are placed in each prefecture as national agencies supporting Prefectural Police activities. Also, info-communications departments are placed in each RPB to provide instruction and coordination regarding the operation of communication facilities in the event of a serious interprefectural incident.

## 2 ) Police Information Management System

The Police Information Management System has been established in order to immediately respond to the enquiry from front line police officers by registering information on stolen vehicles or missing persons in the computers of the NPA and to prohibit illegal acquisitions of driving licenses by unifying the driving license information nationwide.

Diagram 5-9 Police Info-Communication Systems to Support Police Activities

## (2) Activities of Mobile Police Communications Squads

Mobile Police Communications Squads are established in each Prefectural Info-Communications Department $ ^{1} $ . These units take swift communications measures in order to streamline contact and commands between Prefectural Police Headquarters and police officers on the scene when crimes, accidents, or
disasters occur.

In security activities for Hokkaido Toyako Summit held in July and imperial escort, security guard, and crowd security at the various events, the Police secure communication measures including utilization of a helicopter television system and satellite communication system.

In addition, when cases such as robberies or purse snatching occur, the squads secure communication necessary for police activities through such means as setting up provisional telephone lines and wireless networks, or setting up TV camera equipment at the house of victims for stalking cases, thus further strengthening efforts for communication measures against crimes that occur around the people.

Note 1: Info-Communication Bureau, Regional Police Bureau, Tokyo Info-Communication Bureau, Hokkaido Info-Communication Bureau, Prefectural Info-Communication Bureau and Area Info-Communication Bureau
### Section 7. Proper Activities of the Police Force

## (1) Bold and Sustainable Implementation of Police Reform

The NPSC and the NPA are enforcing all measures prescribed in the “Guideline for Police Reform” and are working to bring peace back to communities under the spirit of the police reform in order to deal with the severe security situation. The number of confirmed cases for Penal Code offenses is still high. Besides, there are incidents that pose serious anxieties and threat to the citizens’ life. Thus, the crime situation remains to be as severe as before.

In 2008, a disciplinary action was taken against 252 people, the decrease of 51 from the previous year, reaching the least record since 2000 when “Guideline for Police Reform” was formulated. This is nearly 60% decrease compared to 2002 with the most number, but unusual cases that lose the trust of the people such as drunk driving by police officers are still occurring.

Reflecting the severe criticism of the Japanese people as a self-searching/lesson and returning to the starting point in order to promote the “Guideline for Police Reform” steadily, the NPSC and the NPA compiled the “Police Reform Continuous Action” guidelines with the following five points along with the publication of the assessment report in December 2005 to allow for a constant push toward police reform. The police are to continue to push for reforms based on these guidelines and to verify the status of their execution.

Police Reform Continuous Action (Overview)

- For restoring the public safety and trust -

1. Full implementation and successful completion of measures in the “Guideline for Police Reform”

Steady implementation of the measures mentioned in “Guideline for Police Reform” and aiming at its firm establishment and enhancement.

In addition to promoting measures mainly directed at preventing the crimes and accidents, removing the anxiety of the citizens and taking proper measures corresponding to the changes in the public safety situation.

In order not to fade the spirit of police reform, implementing continuous consciousness reform of the executive officials and other personnel by taking all opportunities such as school education and on-the-job training.

In order to prevent misconducts, implementing activities such as maintaining transparency of the accounting and strengthening its audit, strengthening education of the personnel regarding accounting, strengthening the inspection mainly directed at preventing the breach of regulations, strict punishment against the breach of regulations and encouraging awareness of the responsibility of executive officials.

The Public Safety Commissions make effort to strengthen and enhance administrative functions more, and verify regarding the progress and problems of police reform continuously.
# Section 8. Aiming for Police Activities Open to the People

## (1) Police Station Councils

The opinions and desires of the people must be sufficiently understood when the police are conducting a variety of crime and traffic accident prevention activities in the community. Also, the understanding and cooperation of residents is essential if police activities are to yield results.

For that reason, Police Station Councils exist as a basic rule in every police station in Japan. They are a place for the Chief of the Police Station to listen to residents' opinions regarding police operations, and are used as a means of seeking the understanding and cooperation of the people. The PPSC appoints residents under their police station's jurisdiction as well as employees from local public entities, schools, and others eligible to express opinions and desires on community safety issues as Police Station Council members. As of June 1, 199, Police Station Councils had been set up in 1,203 police stations, with a total of 10,733 members.

Diagram 5-11 Roles of the Police Station Councils

Diagram 5-12 Council Members Composition by Fields (As of 1 June 2009)

Diagram 5-13 Council Members Composition by Age (As of 1 June 2009)

## (2) Information Disclosure

Based on NPA Instructions Announcement Standards, as a basic rule the NPA makes its commands and policies known to the public and posts them on the NPA website. A reading room has also been established where Police White Papers and statistics, as well as press releases and other written materials, are available for general perusal.

The number of requests for the information and decision of disclosure based on the Act on the Disclosure of Information Possessed by Administrative Organs against the National Public Safety Commission and the National Police Agency in FY2008 is shown in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 Number of Requests for the Information in FY2006 (Information Disclosure)

Disclosure Request	Decision
Full Disclosure	Partial Disclosure	No Disclosure
National Public Safety Commission	5	2	0	3
National Police Agency	152	94	28	16

Note: Disclosure requests were processed in FY2008 but it also

includes unprocessed requests and the total number of processed

requests are different.

## (3) Personal Information Protection

The NPA have been working toward the appropriate handling of personal information in their possession by establishing instructions for the management of personal information, as well as creating an administrative system for personal information.

The number of requests for the information and decision of disclosure based on the Act on the
Protection of Personal Information Possessed by Administrative Organs against the National Public Safety Commission and the National Police Agency in FY2008 is shown in Table 5-3.

Table 5-3 Number of Requests for the Information in FY2008 (Personal Information Protection)

Disclosure Requests	Decision
Full Disclosure	Partial Disclosure	No Disclosure
National Public Safety Commission	3	0	0	3
National Police Agency	12	1	0	10

Note: Due to the inclusion of unprocessed requests as they are

withdrawn after the disclosure requests have been accepted.

the number of processed requests are different.

## (4) Policy Evaluations

The NPSC and the NPA has formulated the plan regarding policy evaluations and has implemented policy evaluations $ ^{1} $ based on the “Basic Plan on Policy Evaluation in the National Public Safety Commission and the National Police Agency” $ ^{2} $ .

Note

1: Listed on the NPA website (http://www.npa.go.jp/seisaku_hyoka/)

2: In December 2008, the Basic Plan for Policy Evaluation was formulated covering a period from January 1, 2009, through March 31, 2012. Beginning with the latest Basic Plan, the planning period for a plan for policy evaluation was changed from one based on a calendar year to that based on a fiscal year from the viewpoint of ensuring much closer links between policy evaluation and budgeting.

Diagram 5-14 Flow of Policy Evaluation

“Basic Policy on Police Evaluations in the National Public Safety Commissions and the National Police Agency (2006 – 2008)

Plan on Policy Evaluation Implementation (2008)

↓

Utilizing Knowledge of Persons with Academic Background

Implementing Policy Evaluation

•Business Evaluation Method

•Business Evaluation Method

•Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Table 5-4 Implementation Situation of Policy Evaluation in 2008

Implementation evaluation	July Creating and announcing “Implementation evaluation 2007” regarding 28 business goals
Business evolution	February Creating and announcing Preparation and announcement of “An advance evaluation report concerning regulations to be introduced under a law partially revising the Act on Prevention of Irregularities by Boryokudan” and “An advance evaluation report concerning regulations to be introduced under a law partially revising the Act on Regulating Enticement of Children through Websites for Social Networking of Opposite Sexes” October Preparation and announcement of “An advance evaluation report concerning regulations to be introduced under a law partially revising the Firearms and Swords Control Act”
Comprehensive evaluation	December Creating and announcing “Comprehensive evaluation -Promotion of International Cooperation by the Police”
Other	June, November Holding the NPA Policy Evaluation Workshop which consists of persons with academic background
### Section 9. Police Assistance for Victims

## (1) Basic Measures

Victims including their bereaved families do not only suffer direct, physical, mental, or economic losses. Hence, the police are attempting to enhance measures for victims from various aspects. The Prefectural Police employ the System to Support Victims by Designated Personnel $ ^{1} $ , in which police personnel other than the investigators of a crime provide the victim with support including escorts and explanation of investigative procedures immediately after the crime occurs. As of December 2005 a total of 23,753 personnel were in place throughout Japan for that purpose.

Note 1: Total number of personnel is 26,019 as of December 2008.

Note 1: Brochures provide information on criminal procedures and legal remedy systems as well as the Benefit System for Crime Victims and other 2: Police maintain contact with a certain scope of crime victims to provide information on the progress of investigations and final actions against suspected 3: These activities by community police officers are designed to prevent crime victims from suffering another similar damage and help mitigate their feelings of insecurity.

## (2) Activities of Victim Support Contact Councils

Victims have a wide range of needs, including livelihood assistance, medical bills, and legal fees. For this reason, victim support contact councils composed of the police, the Public Prosecutors Office, bar associations, physician associations, clinical psychiatrists associations, relevant bureaus of the local public entities, consulting organizations, and others have been placed in all prefectures. Furthermore, association frameworks for victim support at the police station and community levels are established throughout each prefecture, providing more finely-tuned victim support.

## (3) Cooperation with Private Victim Support Groups

Private victim support groups have continued to be established in various regions. The number of groups that have joined the National Network for Victim Support (NNVS) had reached 46 as of April 2009. These support groups conduct activities including accepting of consultations via telephone, interviews, training and fostering of consultants, provide support for self-help groups (such as bereaved family associations) and help increase public awareness. The police support the establishment and operations of these groups. In addition, based upon the Act on Payment of Crime Victim Benefit, the PPSC operate a public authentication system that designates nonprofit organizations and can properly and certainly contribute to early alleviation of losses resulting from crime. As of April 2009, 23 organizations had been designated as early assistance organizations for crime victims.
## (4) Benefit System for Crime Victims

The Japanese Benefit System for Crime Victims pays a regular benefit on behalf of people who are unable to receive either public aid or damage compensation despite being victims of premeditated criminal acts leading to major harm such as sudden death or serious injury, disease, or impairment. Since its establishment in January 1981, this system has played an important role in reducing the losses suffered by victims.

Table 5-5 Situation of Operations of the Benefit System for Crime Victims

Year	Before 2005	2006	2007	2008	Total
Category
Number of Victims who Applied (persons)	5,568	491	448	462	6,969
(Number of Applicants (persons))	(8,346)	(649)	(574)	(565)	(10,134)
Number of Victims Involved in Rulings (persons)	5,240	458	445	407	6,550
Number of Rulings (cases)	(8,019)	(610)	(588)	(532)	(9,749)
Number of Victims Awarded a Payment (persons)	4,948	435	407	388	6,178
Number of Rulings (cases)	(583)	(546)	(510)	(9,258)
Number of Victims Denied a Payment (persons)	292	23	38	19	372
Number of Rulings (cases)	(400)	(27)	(42)	(22)	(491)
Amount Awarded (million yen)	16,934	1,272	932	907	20,045
Note 1: Diversified communications networks that extend beyond the boundaries of national jurisdictions and organizations.

2: Development of judicial systems and improvement in law-enforcement capabilities in support recipient countries.

3: Launched as a forum for an exchange of views on anti-hijacking measures and international terrorism following the Bonn Summit meeting in 1978.

4: Established as a forum to consider law-enforcement cooperation and criminal systems in a variety of crime areas by the Halifax Summit in 1995.

## 2 ) Cooperation with Asian countries

The Third ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC+3) was held in Brunei in November 2007, bringing together public security ministers from the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan, China and South Korea. The Deputy Commissioner General of the National Police Agency attended the meeting from Japan. The AMMTC+3 confirmed the importance of strengthening cooperation among the participating countries in eight crime areas, including terrorism, human trafficking and cybercrime.

## 3 ) Bilateral cooperation

The Japanese police are strengthening cooperation with public security authorities of other countries, including countries where a large number of transnational crimes involving Japan are committed and countries of origin of foreign criminals in Japan. In April 2007, we prepared a document with the Brazilian Federal Police on cooperation between police authorities. In January 2009, we held the fifth regular consultation with the Ministry of Public Security of China in Tokyo for an exchange of information on various problems.

## 4 ) Participation in treaties negotiations

The National Police Agency participates in negotiations for the conclusion of treaties and other international agreements with legal binding force to secure legal grounds for its efforts to counter crimes. The Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty is designed to secure the implementation of investigative cooperation by making it an obligation under the treaty and also to ensure efficient and prompt cooperation by conducting communications necessary for investigative cooperation between central police authorities instead of between diplomatic authorities. To date, the Japan-U.S. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty took effect in July 2006, the Japan-South Korea Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in January 2007, and the Japan-China Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in November 2008. The National Police Agency continues to actively take part in negotiations on mutual legal assistance treaties and agreements with other countries, and concluded the Japan-Hong Kong Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement in May 2008 and the Japan-Russia Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in May 2009.
•Alignment of detention cells in a single row with a shade in front to protect detainees' privacy

•Installment of heaters and air conditioners in detention facilities

## Section 11 Detention Facilities Management

## (1) Detention Facilities Management

As on 1 April 2009, there were 1,253 detention facilities in Japan. Based on the laws concerning detention facilities and treatment of the detainees, etc., the police thoroughly distinguish detention duties from investigation duties, promoting improvement of the detainees' treatment so as not to infringe their human rights, and are thus ensuring proper management of detention duties.

## Diagram 5-19 Proper Operation of Detention Management

Proper treatment respectful of human rights

• Implementation of health checks (twice a month)

• Provision for radios and newspapers

• Proper meal with attention to the health

## Proper treatment for female detainees

• Treatment with sufficient consideration about female characteristics

• Establishment of detention facilities only for females

(Overall treatment is provided by female police officers)

Proper treatment for foreign detainees

•Written materials are installed to provide treatment and other institutions at detention facilities in foreign detainees' native languages

•Meals with attention to foreign culture

## I mprovement and maintenance of equipment of detention facilities

In order to realize the uniform treatment of detainees, the National Police Agency conducts a planned tour of patrols at detention facilities of all prefectural police every year. Also, in order to enhance the transparency of the management of detention facilities, the Detention Facilities Inspection Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Committee"), an institution comprising third parties from outside, was established at the Metropolitan Police Department and the Prefectural Police Headquarters (including the central area headquarters. Each committee consists of a maximum of 10 members, including lawyers and other legal experts, doctors and local residents. Each committee member visits detention facilities in person and interviews detainees to see the actual conditions at detention facilities. After these activities of each member, the Committee presents its opinions to the detention facilities supervisor (the chief of the police station, etc.). The Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police Department and the Chiefs of the Prefectural Police Headquarters are required to publish the opinions of the Committees along with an outline of measures taken by police following the Committee opinions.

## Diagram 5-20 Ratio of Detention Facility Inspection Committee by Occupation (as of 1 June 2009)

## (2) Number of Detainees Held

During 2008, a total of approximately 4.36 million persons were detained by the police (an average of 11,900 persons per day), a decline of approximately 270,000 persons (5.8%) from the previous year.