cited by 55.1% (Figure 3-1-2-2). Far fewer respondents attempted to use the personal computer e-mail or the web service. But only 17.9% of them found the PC e-mail unavailable and 11.3% found the PC web service unavailable. Indications are that the PC E-mail and web service were far easier to be connected.

## (3) Useful media for dealing with the disaster

The TV was cited by 86.3% of respondents as the tool providing information they wanted (sufficiently or to some extent) during the week after the disaster. Following the highest percentages were 71.8% for news sites, 54.7% for newspapers, 51.5% for E-mails or calls from relatives, friends and acquaintances, and 29.3% for the radio.

The TV was the most popular information source for collecting disaster information, cited by 63.1% as the most useful information source for obtaining such information. The next highest percentages were 12.1% for news sites, 5.8% for the radio, 4.8% for E-mails or calls from relatives, friends or acquaintances, and 3.7% for newspapers (Figure 3-1-2-3).

## Section 2

## The Great East Japan Earthquake and Business Continuity

We conducted a survey of local governments and enterprises in disaster-damaged and other areas in Japan concerning the Great East Japan Earthquake and business continuity, looking into how business operations were continued on the occasion of the disaster and what challenges emerged then.

### 1. Business continuity in disaster-damaged areas

Our interview survey on data losses at hospitals and schools through the Great East Japan Earthquake in the disaster-damaged areas indicate that 27.3% of hospitals and 40.0% of schools lost data. One interview comment at a hospital said: “We failed to recover the reception computer and electronic health record data that had not been backed up.” Another said, “USBs were dropped and data lost.” Multiple interviewees at hospitals reported substantial data losses. In some cases, hospitals mini-

Figure 3-1-2-2 Availability of communication means

(Source) The University of Tokyo Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Research Survey Reports in Information Studies 2012 No. 28, "Information Behaviors in Tokyo Metropolitan Area after the Great East Japan Earthquake"

Figure 3-1-2-3 What was the most useful information source?

| TV broadcasts | Emails or phone calls from family members, friends or acquaintances | Electronic bulletin boards | Personal websites or blogs | Facebook | News websites (e.g. Yahoo! News) | Newspapers | TV news distributed on the Internet | Mixi | The government's or local government's twitter | Radios | One segment broadcasting on mobile phones (including smartphones) | The government's or local government's websites | Expert's twitter | Media's twitter
10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
60 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
80 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
90 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
95 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
100 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

(Source) The University of Tokyo Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Research Survey Reports in Information Studies 2012 No. 28, "Information Behaviors in Tokyo Metropolitan Area after the Great East Japan Earthquake"