Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
total. The second largest number had the status of residence of “Entertainer” (11,319 accounting for 5.5%), followed by “Pre-college Student” (8,506 accounting for 4.1%), “College Student” (8,173 accounting for 3.9%), and “Trainee” (3,648 accounting for 1.8%). The number of those who were granted “Temporary Visitor” has been on the decline since May 1, 1993, decreasing by 10,909 (down 7.3%) from January 1, 2004, while the number of those with the status of residence of “Pre-college Student” has also been decreasing since May 1, 1994, dropping by 1,005 (down 10.6%) from January 1, 2004. The foreign residents with the status of residence of “Entertainer” started to increase from January 1, 2002 and kept increasing, but saw a decrease in 2005. On the other hand, those who had the status of residence of “College Student” started to increase from January 1, 2002, seeing an increase of 1,501 (up 22.5%) on January 1, 2005 when compared to the previous year. (Chart 20, Table 21)
Table21 Changes in the estimated number of overstayers by major status of residence

Date of Residence	January 1 2000	January 1 2001	January 1 2002	January 1 2003	January 1 2004	January 1 2005
Total	251,697	232,121	224,067	220,552	219,418	207,299
Temporary Visitor	189,847	173,051	163,271	155,498	150,326	139,417
Entertainer	12,552	11,029	11,154	11,770	11,974	11,319
Pre-college Student	11,359	10,025	9,953	9,779	9,511	8,506
College Student	5,100	4,401	4,442	5,450	6,672	8,173
Trainee	3,055	3,004	3,264	3,409	3,959	3,648
Others	29,784	30,611	31,983	34,646	36,976	36,236

## 2 Foreign Nationals Illegally Entering and Landing in Japan

From December 1996 to early September 1997, there has been a dramatic increase in the cases of collective stowaways from China and other neighboring countries by ship. In an effort to stop collective stowaways, the Diet passed an amendment of the Immigration Control Act on April 25, 1997, and this entered into force on May 11, 1997. In addition, the Immigration Bureau has been closely cooperating with other related agencies both at home and abroad to combat illegal immigration. As a result, the number of foreign nationals attempting to stowaway collectively detected at the border has seen a decline. However, illegal immigrants continue to come to Japan in smaller groups using cargo vessels. Japanese and foreign brokers specializing in sending illegal immigrants to Japan are considered to still be taking part in such activities and to be illegally gaining huge profits by helping and promoting such immigration.

On the other hand, there has been an increase in the number of cases where more elaborate techniques are being utilized by foreign nationals illegally entering or landing in Japan. For example, an increasing number of foreign nationals tried to enter or land in Japan by air using forged or altered passports or illegally using genuine passports, including Japanese passports, pretending to be the legitimate passport holder. These factors are considered to be attributable to the development of airplanes as the most common means for overseas travel, to the increasingly more sophisticated level of forged or altered passports and also to increased coastguard security, which has led to the widespread use of airplanes as a transportation means to illegally enter or land in Japan.

It is believed that about 30,000 foreign nationals including illegal entrants are residing secretly in Japan.
# Section 2 — Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act for Which Deportation Procedures Were Carried Out

The Number of Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act by Grounds for Deportation

In 2004, the number of foreign nationals for whom deportation procedures were carried out on account of violating the Immigration Control Act was 55,351, an increase of 9,441 (up 20.6%) from a year earlier. Looking at the statistics for the period 1993 through 2004, the number hit a record high of 70,404 in 1993, before beginning to decline in 1994. The number remained at around 50,000 in 1999 and 2000, but subsequently dropped to about 40,000 in 2001. This decrease was considered to be partly attributable to a significant fall in the number of foreign nationals violating the Act, who voluntarily surrendered themselves to a regional immigration bureau, in the hopes of returning to their home countries because the period during which they would be prohibited from landing in Japan once deported was extended from one year to five years by enforcement of amendment of the Act in February 2000. From 2002, the number of deported foreign nationals started to rise again. In 2004, the immigration control administration started working on its plan to halve the number of overstayers and intensified its efforts for detection. As a result, the number of deportees significantly increased from the 2003 level.

According to the statistics of the number of foreign nationals by grounds for deportation in 2004, the largest number was for overstaying (41,175 accounting for 74.4%), followed by illegal entry (11,217 accounting for 20.3%), and then activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted (1,399 accounting for 2.5%).

Among the foreign nationals who violated the Act in 2004, the number of those who illegally worked in Japan was 43,059, accounting for 77.8% of the total. (Table 22)

Table22 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by grounds for deportation (People

Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Grounds for Deportation
Total	51,459	40,764	41,935	45,910	55,351
Illegal entry	9,186	8,952	8,388	9,251	11,217
Illegal landing	748	826	789	777	992
Activity other than those permitted	473	594	850	1,199	1,399
Overstay	40,756	30,063	31,520	34,266	41,175
Criminal offenses etc.	296	329	388	417	568

Illegal work	44,190	33,508	32,364	34,325	43,059
According to the statistics of the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act classified by nationality (place of origin) in 2004, the largest number of such foreign nationals, following the previous year, was from China (15,702 accounting for 28.4%), followed by the Philippines (8,558, or 15.5%), R.O. Korea (7,782, or 14.1%), and Thailand (3,572, or 6.5%). As the number of deported Koreans has been decreasing in the past few years, the Philippines register the second largest number for the first time, replacing R.O. Korea. (Table 23)

Table23 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality (place of origin) (People

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	51,459	40,764	41,935	45,910	55,351
China	9,437	8,731	9,287	12,382	15,702
Philippines	8,974	5,104	4,997	5,698	8,558
R.O.Korea	13,211	9,952	9,656	7,877	7,782
Thailand	4,459	3,466	3,172	2,993	3,572
Indonesia	1,498	1,343	1,366	1,567	2,103
Malaysia	1,239	1,255	1,393	1,711	1,575
Myanmar	1,044	571	568	837	1,466
Brazil	269	517	1,432	1,928	1,338
Bangladesh	1,147	1,204	929	946	1,312
Peru	1,534	1,196	1,196	1,103	1,292
Others	8,647	7,425	7,939	8,868	10,651

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

According to the statistics of foreign nationals violating the Act by region, the number of foreign nationals from non-Asian countries has been increasing in recent years, although the number from Asia still forms the great majority. This increase indicates that foreign nationals illegally staying in Japan have been diversifying in nationality.

The details of foreign nationals violating the Act by grounds for deportation are given below.

## (1) Illegal Entry

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2004, the number of foreign nationals who illegally entered Japan without valid passports and so forth, was 11,217, an increase of 1,966 (up 21.3%) from 2003. The number was 9,186 in 2000, before decreasing in 2002. In 2003 the number started to pick up and further increased in 2004.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry into Japan was from China (4,588, accounting for 40.9% of the total), followed by the Philippines (1,955, or 17.4%), and Thailand (1,219, or 10.9%). (Table 24)
Table24 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Year	Nationality (Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	9,186	8,952	8,388	9,251	11,217
China	2,580	3,032	3,041	4,077	4,588
Philippines	2,185	1,383	1,261	1,385	1,955
Thailand	1,450	1,283	1,173	992	1,219
Bangladesh	483	644	448	433	626
R.O.Korea	415	440	484	443	587
Iran	463	566	575	449	425
Pakistan	498	418	366	317	334
Peru	284	265	262	247	331
Myanmar	133	108	96	149	295
Indonesia	102	138	99	127	148
Others	593	675	583	632	709

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

### A. Illegal Entry by Ship

In 2004, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by ship was 3,369, an increase of 812 (up 31.8%) from 2,557 in 2003.

According to the statistics of the numbers by nationality (place of origin), the largest number came from China (2,293 accounting for 68.1% of the total), followed by Bangladesh (accounting for 10.4%), R.O. Korea (accounting for 5.2%), the Philippines (accounting for 3.9%), and Myanmar (accounting for 3.6%). China and Bangladesh have ranked first and second, respectively, for the past five years. It is noticeable that China has accounted for more than 60% of the total since 2001. (Chart 21, Table 25)

Chart21 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship classified by nationality (place of origin)
Table25 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship classified by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	2,358	2,653	2,187	2,557	3,369
China	1,390	1,627	1,405	1,760	2,293
Bangladesh	259	381	232	232	352
R.O.Korea	96	115	111	113	175
Philippines	196	82	78	110	130
Myanmar	30	34	20	54	122
Others	387	414	341	288	297

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

### B. Illegal Entry by Airplane

The number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by airplane increased by 1,154 (up 17.2%) from 6,694 in 2003 to 7,848 in 2004.

According to the statistics of the numbers by nationality (place of origin), the largest number came from China (2,295 accounting for 29.2% of the total), followed by the Philippines (accounting for 23.3%), Thailand (accounting for 14.8%), R.O. Korea (accounting for 5.2%), and Iran (4.4%). The illegal entrants from the Philippines made up the largest number until 2000, but then China overtook the Philippines to move into the top spot in 2001. In 2004, R.O. Korea swapped places with Iran. (Chart 22, Table 26)

Chart22 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane classified by nationality (place of origin)
Table26 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane classified by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	6,828	6,299	6,201	6,694	7,848
China	1,190	1,405	1,636	2,317	2,295
Philippines	1,989	1,301	1,183	1,275	1,825
Thailand	1,420	1,247	1,140	948	1,165
R.O.Korea	319	325	373	330	412
Iran	371	426	437	359	343
Others	1,539	1,595	1,432	1,465	1,808

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

With regard to the transportation means for illegal entry, airplanes were used two to three times more than ships. Technical advancement has made it possible to make counterfeit passports so skillfully that it is becoming increasingly more difficult to detect them through immigration examination at airports. This explains why most of the illegal entrants by airplane were using forged or altered passports in their attempts to enter Japan.

## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2004, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 992, up 27.7% from 2003.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such illegal foreign nationals was from China, 43.5% of the total in 2004, followed by

Table27 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Nationality (Place of Origin)
Total	748	826	789	777	992
China	394	489	408	390	432
Myanmar	38	18	36	33	77
Sri Lanka	15	8	5	17	64
Russia	16	36	46	42	56
Philippines	37	20	41	23	54
Thailand	59	58	41	29	49
R.O.Korea	34	26	30	45	40
Peru	5	10	12	25	30
Pakistan	44	45	26	20	28
Turkey	1	10	7	6	18
Others	105	106	137	147	144

$ ^{*} $ “China” dose not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
Myanmar (accounting for 7.8%), Sri Lanka (accounting for 6.5%), Russia (accounting for 5.6%), and the Philippines (accounting for 5.4%). China registered the largest number from 2000 to 2004 and the number from Sri Lanka almost quadrupled in the same period, while that from Myanmar rapidly increased, becoming more than double. On the other hand, although the total number of those who illegally land in Japan has been increasing, those from R.O. Korea decreased in 2004 from a year earlier. (Table 27)

## (3) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2004, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay was 41,175.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China (10,197, accounting for 24.8%), followed by R.O. Korea (6,837, accounting for 16.6%), the Philippines (5,949, accounting for 14.4%), Thailand (2,267, accounting for 5.5%), Indonesia (1,896, accounting for 4.6%), and Malaysia (1,509, accounting for 3.7%).

During the five-year period, the top country was R.O. Korea until 2002. In 2003, China showed a rapid increase and overtook R.O. Korea to move into the top spot. The Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar demonstrated a continuing increase for these five years. Vietnam has been registering an increase since 2000.

While the overall number of overstayers has been increasing, that of R.O. Korea has maintained a downward trend, decreasing by 5,716 (down 45.5%) from 2000 to 2004. (Table 28)

Table28 Changes in the number of cases of overstayers by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	40,756	30,063	31,520	34,266	41,175
China	6,376	5,019	5,600	7,429	10,197
R.O.Korea	12,553	9,326	8,911	7,099	6,837
Philippines	6,643	3,504	3,373	3,879	5,949
Thailand	2,920	2,090	1,935	1,947	2,267
Indonesia	1,418	1,190	1,243	1,419	1,896
Malaysia	1,195	1,176	1,320	1,639	1,509
Brazil	225	460	1,339	1,823	1,220
Myanmar	872	444	436	653	1,093
Peru	1,237	914	908	816	917
Viet Nam	167	319	420	528	897
Others	7,150	5,621	6,035	7,034	8,393

$ ^{*} $ “China” dose not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) Activities Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national starts work or activities other than those permitted for his status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, the foreign national will be deported from Japan. The number of these foreign nationals stood at 1,399 in 2004.

Many illegal foreign workers were those who entered Japan with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” and engaged in activities which were not permitted under this status. However, if they stay beyond their authorized period of stay, they will be treated as overstayers. As a result, the number of overstayers was much larger than the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission. (Table 29)

Table29 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted classified by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	473	594	850	1,199	1,399
Philippines	43	132	267	372	541
China	61	148	171	367	304
R.O.Korea	195	140	211	274	294
Indonesia	32	12	13	17	48
Romania	—	1	28	14	33
Russia	2	20	31	5	24
Bangladesh	4	5	3	2	18
China(Taiwan)	44	25	36	52	15
Viet Nam	7	4	2	8	15
Israel	23	18	14	10	11
Others	62	89	74	78	96

$ ^{*} $ “China” dose not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## 2 Illegal Workers

## (1) Summary

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2004, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 43,059, accounting for 77.8% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. This indicates most foreign nationals violating the Act stay in Japan in order to work illegally. (Table 22)

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, will take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in today's bleak employment climate, and that illegal foreign workers will hinder fair economic competition because the employers who hire them as cheap labor have an economic advantage over those who hire workers legally.

Furthermore, the human rights of illegal foreign workers are violated in many cases. For example, brokers who arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan gain a huge profit by exploiting the wages of the foreign workers. In the case of illness or injury, such foreign workers have no access to proper medical care.

## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers Classified by Nationality (Place of Origin)

The statistics of the number of illegal foreign workers by region show the great majority came from Asia (39,553 accounting for 91.9%), followed by South America (accounting for 4.8%) and Africa (accounting for 2.0%). This suggests that Asian illegal workers make up a significantly large percentage of the overall illegal workers. These illegal workers came from 101 countries (or regions), in particular Japan’s neighboring countries. However, others were from 75 non-Asian countries and regions, indicating the diversity in the nationalities of the illegal foreign workers.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China make up the largest number at 12,669, an increase of 3,367 from 2003. China was followed by the Philippines (accounting for 14.6%), R.O. Korea (accounting for 14.4%), Thailand (accounting for 6.6%), and Indonesia (accounting for 4.4%). The top five countries represented about 70% of the total number of illegal foreign workers. The number of Chinese illegal workers has been increasing recently, and overtook that of South Korean illegal workers to move into the top spot in 2003. In 2004, Chinese illegal workers had increased by more than 30% from the 2003 level. On the other hand, the number of South Korean illegal workers, which ranked first until 2002, has been decreasing since 2002.
2004, the number decreased by half when compared to the 2000 level. As a result, South Korea slipped to No. 3 and switched places with the Philippines, which saw an increased number of illegal workers in Japan. (Chart 23, Table 30)

## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were carried out in 2004 were 25,349 (accounting for 58.9% of the total) and 17,710 (accounting for 41.1% of the total) respectively.

The ratio of males has exceeded that of females every year. After hitting a record high of 45.8% in 2000, the ratio of females started to decrease in 2001, gradually widening the gap between males and females.

Among the top five countries in terms of the number of illegal foreign workers in 2004, the ratio of females exceeded that of males in three countries: the Philippines, R.O. Korea, and Thailand. Illegal female foreign workers from these three countries represented 54.2% of the total number of illegal female foreign workers. (Chart 24)

Chart23 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin)
Table30 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Nationality
(Place of Origin)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Total	44,190	33,508	32,364	34,325	43,059
Male	23,949	19,313	18,610	20,274	25,349
Female	20,241	14,195	13,754	14,051	17,710
China	8,132	7,080	7,087	9,302	12,669
Male	5,290	4,686	4,585	5,997	8,104
Female	2,842	2,394	2,502	3,305	4,565
Philippines	7,420	4,072	3,696	4,108	6,299
Male	2,524	1,352	1,313	1,453	2,263
Female	4,896	2,720	2,383	2,655	4,036
R.O.Korea	11,336	8,400	8,043	6,372	6,192
Male	4,262	3,461	3,249	2,564	2,281
Female	7,074	4,939	4,794	3,808	3,911
Thailand	3,902	2,800	2,538	2,423	2,831
Male	1,460	1,122	1,054	1,030	1,179
Female	2,442	1,678	1,484	1,393	1,652
Indonesia	1,458	1,222	1,254	1,389	1,897
Male	1,045	862	871	975	1,350
Female	413	360	383	414	547
Malaysia	1,217	1,209	1,329	1,638	1,486
Male	813	832	917	1,193	1,084
Female	404	377	412	445	402
Myanmar	984	502	518	780	1,356
Male	740	390	427	655	1,121
Female	244	112	91	125	235
Bangladesh	1,073	1,102	833	861	1,214
Male	1,049	1,074	806	828	1,166
Female	24	28	27	33	48
Peru	1,288	976	852	769	945
Male	805	651	561	533	615
Female	483	325	291	236	330
Sri Lanka	878	685	687	674	891
Male	745	581	606	588	799
Female	133	104	81	86	92
Others	6,502	5,460	5,527	6,009	7,279
Male	5,216	4,302	4,221	4,458	5,387
Female	1,286	1,158	1,306	1,551	1,892

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers worked as factory workers (10,440), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses, construction workers, cooks, waitresses and bartenders.

According to the statistics of factory workers by type of occupation, the largest number worked for metal processing (1,847), followed by production of food and beverages (1,642) and manufacturing of rubber or plastic products (1,207).

According to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as factory workers, followed by construction workers and cooks, while the largest number of females worked as hostesses, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. (Table 31)