around the world to come to Japan for professional training.

From the perspective of the promotion of mutual exchanges between Kominkan / CLCs it might be necessary to consider that, in the future, officials from Japan and other countries will participate in these workshops, so that through a mutual exchange of views, they get to understand the realities in each other's countries, and share each other's challenges. This is also an effective measure to enlarge the human network, in terms of participants.

In addition, in the study abroad system for foreign students in Japan, it is desired that the frameworks of foreign students (researchers) majoring in social education be expanded, and from the long-term perspective, that we contribute to the training of human resources involved in CLCs in developing countries. At the same time, by using the present-position participation system within the "Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers" and the Senior Volunteer system by JICA, the dispatching of highly experienced participants involved in Kominkan in Japan into CLCs should also be examined.

In addition, a scheme of a mutual exchange visit system targeting mainly young people by using working holidays as a reference should also be examined. In the system, officials from other countries could be asked to participate in the operation and activities of Kominkan / CLCs in Japan and recompensed with a pay (as a part-time job).

In terms of research, it is desired that a CLC research network focused on Japan, Thailand and Indonesia be built, and that a collaborative research involving Kominkan / CLCs be conducted as soon as possible. When doing so, it is important to ensure a collaboration between non-formal education researchers and CLC researchers from Asian countries. In this case, the Japan Society for the Study of Kominkan and the Japan Society for The Study of Adult Education will play important roles. While comprehensive mutual exchanges with neighboring East Asian countries such as China and South Korea are progressing in the fields of politics, arts and sciences, and economy, collaborative research with sector-wide approach such as the analysis of Kominkan / CLCs are desired, with a focus on multidisciplinary issues such as the handling of the aging of the population, the promotion of agriculture, or hygiene and health education.

In addition to these methods, getting to know the realities in other countries and sharing knowledge, by holding international conferences and through short visits, are obviously effective ways to promote mutual exchanges. However, these methods would require a large budget. Although it is true that the financial situation is now severe, it is desired that governmental and international organizations support such initiatives in an active manner.

A number of municipalities in Japan have concluded partnerships with sister cities in Asia, including in China and South Korea. In the future, it may be possible to consider using these systems to visit Kominkan / CLCs in other countries and invite officials from there. In addition, asking for the cooperation of foreign residents in Japan or of Japanese citizens living abroad for their participation in various aspects of the activities conducted in international exchanges is also an important perspective. Such schemes are believed to lead to an improvement in the quality of exchange activities, and to the expansion of human networks.