Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## A

ACEF Asian Clean Energy Fund

ACFA Accelerated Co-Financing scheme with Asian Development Bank

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADF Asian Development Fund

AFD Agence Française de Développement (France)

AfDB African Development Bank

AfDF African Development Fund

AFSIS ASEAN Food Security Information System

AFT Aid for Trade

AICAD African Institute for Capacity Development

AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan

AMISOM African Mission in Somalia

ANDS Afghanistan National Development Strategy

AOTS Association for Overseas Technical Scholarship

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

APO Asian Productivity Organization

APRM African Peer Review Mechanism

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU African Union

AusAID Australian Agency for International Development

AVI African Village Initiative

## B

BEGIN Basic Education for Growth Initiative

BHN Basic Human Needs

BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (Germany)

## C

CARICOM Caribbean Community

CAN Comunidad Andina

CBRN Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CDP UN Committee for Development Policy

CER Certified Emission Reduction

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research

CIDA Canadian International Development Agency

CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement

CPF Carbon Partnership Facility

CSD Commission on Sustainable Development

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

## D

DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

DFID Department for International Development (U.K.)

DIAG Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups

DOTS Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course

DPA Darfur Peace Agreement

DPL Development Policy Loan

## E

E/N Exchange of Notes

EAC East African Community

EAS East Asia Summit

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EcoISD Environmental Conservation Initiative for Sustainable Development

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

EFA Education for All

EPA Economic Partnership Agreement

EPI Expanded Program on Immunization

EPSA Enhanced Private Sector Assistance for Africa

ESD Education for Sustainable Development

ESDA Enhanced Sustainable Development for Asia

EU European Union

## F

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FASID Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development

FTI Fast Track Initiative

## G

GAD Gender and Development

GAP Green Aid Plan

GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GFATM Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

GHG Greenhouse Gases

GNI Gross National Income

GNP Gross National Product

GRIPS National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

GSP Generalized System of Preferences

GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (Germany)

## H

HDI Health and Development Initiative

HIPCs Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

HPC Hiroshima Peacebuilders Center
U
UN United Nations
UNAFEI United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders
UNAMID United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur
UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
UNDAW United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women
UN/ISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USP University of the South Pacific

V
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing
W
WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association
WASABI Water and Sanitation Broad Partnership Initiative
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
WID Women in Development
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development
WTO World Trade Organization
X

XDR-TB Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis
## Contents

Part I Climate Change and Development
Chapter 1 Japan’s Commitment to Climate Change Issues 2
Section 1. Discussions on Climate Change Issues in the International Community 2
1. Climate Change Issues as Pressing Challenges 2
2. 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP13) 3
3. G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit and Leaders’ Meeting of Major Economies 3
(1) Long-term Goals 3
(2) Mid-term Goals 4
(3) Relations with Developing Countries 5
Section 2. Japan’s Leadership 5
1. Announcement of the “Cool Earth Promotion Programme” 5
2. In Pursuit of “Japan as a Low-Carbon Society” – Presentation of the Country’s Targets 5
Chapter 2 Promotion of the Cool Earth Partnership 8
Section 1. Measures against Climate Change by Developing Countries 8
1. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures 8
(1) Adaptation – Response to Adverse Effects of Climate Change 8
(2) Mitigation – Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions 9
2. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 10
Section 2. Cool Earth Partnership 10
1. Strengthening of Ties with Developing Countries 10
2. Cooperation with Individual Countries 11
Part II New Approaches to African Development
Chapter 1 Africa Drawing Global Interest 14
Section 1. International Commitment to African Development 14
1. The African Issue is a World Issue 14
2. G8 Summit and African Development 15
3. Japan’s Leadership at TICAD IV and the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit 15
(1) World Economic Forum (Davos Meeting) 15
(2) G8 Development Ministers’ Meeting 16
(3) Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) 16
(4) G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit 18
(5) Heightened Interest toward Achievement of MDGs 20
Section 2. Japan’s Leadership and African Development 24
1. Basic Philosophy of TICAD 24
(1) TICAD Process 24
(2) Ownership and Partnership 24
(3) Asia-Africa Cooperation 24
2. Significance of Support for Africa 24
3. Future Measures 24
Chapter 2 Support toward Africa’s Ownership 28
Section 1. Specific Commitments to Issues of African Development 28
1. Africa’s Current Situations with Bright and Dark Sides 28
2. Japan’s Achievement of its Pledges 28
3. Key Agenda of African Development 29
Section 2. Accelerating Growth ..... 29
1. Developing Infrastructure ..... 29
2. Promoting Trade and Investment ..... 30
Section 3. Establishing "Human Security" ..... 30
1. Support for Community Development ..... 30
(1) Concepts of Support that Responds to the Community Needs ..... 30
(2) Discussions at TICAD IV ..... 30
(3) Development of the One Village One Product Movement ..... 31
2. Health ..... 32
(1) Three Health-related Development Goals ..... 32
(2) Support of Comprehensive Medical Care ..... 32
(3) Framework for Action on Global Health ..... 32
3. Education ..... 34
(1) Current Situations ..... 34
(2) Japan's Basic Ideas and Specific Support Measures ..... 34
(3) TICAD IV and the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit ..... 34
4. Consolidation of Peace ..... 35
(1) Visible Signs of Peace ..... 35
(2) Support to Enhance Africa's Own Peacekeeping Capabilities ..... 35
Section 4. Environmental and Climate Change Issues ..... 36
1. Climate Change ..... 36
2. Support of Water and Sanitation ..... 36
(1) Current Situations in Africa ..... 36
(2) Japan's Basic Ideas and Specific Support Measures ..... 37
(3) TICAD IV and the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit ..... 37
Section 5. Rising Food Prices and Development of Agriculture and Rural Communities ..... 37
1. Importance of Poverty Reduction, Agriculture, and Rural Development ..... 37
2. Rising Food Prices and African Countries ..... 37
3. Japan's Approach to Rising Food Prices ..... 37

Part III Official Development Assistance in FY2007

Chapter 1 Japan's Official Development Assistance in Terms of Disbursement ..... 44
Chapter 2 Details about Japan's Official Development Assistance ..... 52
Section 1. Assistance Relating to the Basic Policies of the ODA Charter ..... 52
1. The Official Development Assistance Charter ..... 52
2. Japan's Medium-Term ODA Policy and Country Assistance Plans ..... 53
3. Priority Policy Issues for International Cooperation ..... 53
Section 2. Measures for Each of the Priority Issues ..... 54
1. Sustainable Growth ..... 54
(1) Support for Socio-economic Infrastructure ..... 54
(2) Policy Formulation and Institution Building ..... 55
(3) Human Resource Development ..... 56
(4) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ..... 59
(5) Facilitating Trade and Investment ..... 61
(6) OOF and Cooperation with the Private Sector ..... 62
(7) Response to Debt Issues ..... 64
(8) Cultural Rehabilitation and Promotion ..... 65
2. Support for Social Development ..... 67
(1) Education ..... 67
(2) Health and Welfare ..... 69
(3) Water and Sanitation ..... 71
(4) Agricultural and Rural Support/Fisheries ..... 73
(5) Gender ..... 75
3. Addressing Global Issues ..... 77
(1) Environmental Issues ..... 77
(2) Infectious Diseases ..... 80
(3) Population ..... 84
(4) Food ..... 84
(5) Resources and Energy ..... 85
(6) Disaster Reduction and Post-Disaster Reconstruction ..... 86
(7) Terrorism and Piracy ..... 91
(8) International Organized Crimes ..... 92
4. Peacebuilding ..... 93
(1) Iraq ..... 96
(2) Afghanistan ..... 98
(3) Sudan ..... 99
(4) Anti-Personnel Landmines and Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) ..... 100
Section 3. Assistance for Each Region ..... 101
1. East Asia ..... 101
2. South Asia ..... 105
3. Central Asia and the Caucasus ..... 108
4. Africa (Sub-Sahara) ..... 110
5. Middle East ..... 114
6. Latin America and the Caribbean ..... 116
7. Oceania ..... 119
8. Europe ..... 122
Section 4. Operational Status of the Principle of Assistance Implementation ..... 124
Section 5. Formulation and Implementation of ODA Policy ..... 127
1. System for Formulation and Implementation of ODA Policy ..... 127
(1) Coherent Formulation of Aid Policy ..... 127
(2) Collaboration between Government and Implementing Organizations ..... 128
(3) Enhancing Functions at the Field Level ..... 130
(4) Enhancing Policy Consultation ..... 132
(5) Cooperation with Aid-Related Entities within and outside of Japan ..... 132
(a) Collaboration with Private Sector Enterprises ..... 132
(b) Collaboration with NGOs ..... 132
(c) Collaboration with Academia and Local Governments ..... 136
(d) Collaboration with Local Governments and NGOs of Developing Countries ..... 136
(e) Collaboration with International Organizations and Other Countries ..... 136
2. Increasing Public Participation ..... 140
(1) Broad Participation by Japanese Citizens from All Walks of Life ..... 140
(2) Human Resources Development and Development Research ..... 141
(a) Human Resources Development ..... 141
(b) Development Research ..... 141
(3) Information Disclosure and Transmission ..... 142
(a) Public Relations and Information Disclosure ..... 142
(b) Development Education ..... 144
(c) Enhancing Dissemination of Information to the International Community ..... 145
3. Matters Essential to Effective Implementation ..... 145
(1) Enhancement of Evaluation ..... 145
(2) Ensuring Appropriate Procedures ..... 147
(3) Prevention of Fraud and Corruption ..... 148
(4) Ensuring the Safety of Personnel Engaged in Development Assistance ..... 148
(5) Safety Management in ODA Projects ..... 149

Chapter 3 International Trends of Assistance and Japan's Commitments ..... 150
Section 1. Consolidation of the Result-Oriented Tendency in Aid ..... 150
Section 2. Collaboration among Donor Countries ..... 150
1. International Trends and Japan ..... 150
2. Collaboration with New Donor Countries ..... 151
Section 3. Trends in the United Nations and Other Organizations and Japan's Commitments ..... 152
1. Trends in the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-DAC) ..... 152
2. Trends in the United Nations ..... 152
(1) The United Nations General Assembly and Related Meetings ..... 152
(2) The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Development Cooperation Forum ..... 152
3. Trends in the World Bank ..... 152

Part IV Statistics and Reference Materials

Chapter 1 Japan's ODA Budget ..... 156
Section 1. FY 2008 ODA Budget (Original Budget) ..... 156
Chart IV-1. ODA Budget ..... 156
Chart IV-2. General Account Budget ..... 156
Chart IV-3. Breakdown of the ODA Project Budget ..... 157
Chart IV-4. ODA General Account Budget (for the Entire Government) ..... 158
Chart IV-5. ODA Project Budget (for the Entire Government) ..... 158
Chart IV-6. Financial Resources for the ODA Project Budget and Expenditure by Type of Assistance ..... 159
Section 2. Project Budget for ODA-Related Ministries and Agencies (Original Budget) and Project Outline ..... 160
Chart IV-7. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (General Account Budget) ..... 160
Chart IV-8. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (Project Budget) ..... 160
Chart IV-9. Project Budget (FY 2008 Project Budget) and Project Outlines by Ministry and Agency ..... 161

Chapter 2 Japan's ODA Disbursements ..... 169
Section 1. Flows to Developing Countries ..... 169
Chart IV-10. Flows from Japan to Developing Countries ..... 169
Chart IV-11. Bilateral ODA by Income Groups (Breakdown by DAC Classification) ..... 170
Section 2. Japan's ODA Disbursements in 2007 ..... 171
Chart IV-12. ODA by Type ..... 171
Section 3. Disbursements by Region and Type ..... 172
Chart IV-13. Bilateral ODA by Region and Type ..... 172
Section 4. Disbursements by Country ..... 173
Chart IV-14. Breakdown of Disbursements by Country and Type ..... 177
Chart IV-15. Top 30 Recipients of Japan's Bilateral ODA by Type ..... 177
Chart IV-16. List of Countries in which Japan is their Top Donor ..... 181
Chart IV-17. Countries and Regions which have Received Japan's ODA (Disbursements up to 2007) ..... 182
Section 5. Disbursements by Sector ..... 183
Chart IV-18. Bilateral ODA by Sector ..... 183
Section 6. Overseas Disaster Assistance ..... 184
Chart IV-19. Disbursement for Overseas Disaster Assistance (implementation of the Law Concerning the Dispatch of Japan Disaster Relief Teams) ..... 184
Chart IV-20. Disbursements for Dispatch of Japan Disaster Relief Team and Provision of Emergency Relief Goods sleeping pads (FY2007) ..... 185
Section 7. Assistance toward Development Aid-Related Programs by NGOs, etc. ..... 186
Chart IV-21. Grant Assistance for Japanese NGO Partnership Projects (FY2007 disbursements) ..... 186
Chart IV-22. Performance of Grant Assistance for Japanese NGO Partnership Projects by Sector (FY2007 disbursements) ..... 186
Chart IV-23. Aid Disbursements by NGOs of DAC Countries ..... 187
Section 8. ODA Disbursements to Multilateral Institutions ..... 188
Chart IV-24. Share of Aid through Multilateral Institutions among Gross ODA of Major Donor Countries ..... 188
Chart IV-25. Trends in ODA Disbursements to Multilateral Institutions ..... 188
Chart IV-26. Disbursements for Contributions, Subscriptions, etc. to Multilateral Institutions by Major Donor Countries (Top 5 Countries) ..... 189
Chapter 3 List of Bilateral Assistance Projects in FY2007 ..... 192
Section 1. Bilateral Grants ..... 192
1. List of Grant Assistance Projects (general grant assistance projects) ..... 192
Section 2. Bilateral Loans ..... 196
1. List of Loan Aid Projects ..... 196
Chapter 4 Reference Material on Japan's ODA ..... 198
Section 1. History of Japan's Assistance to Developing Countries (1945 to October 2008) ..... 198
Section 2. Japan's Policy on Official Development Assistance ..... 207
1. The ODA Charter (approved by Cabinet decision in August 2003) ..... 207
2. Japan's Medium-Term Policy on Official Development Assistance ..... 213
3. List of Current Sector-Specific Initiatives ..... 226
4. List of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) ..... 228
Reference Other Countries' ODA Disbursement ..... 229
Section 1. DAC Countries' ODA Disbursements ..... 229
Chart IV-27. DAC Countries' ODA Disbursements ..... 229
Chart IV-28. DAC Countries' ODA by Type ..... 230
Chart IV-29. ODA as Percent of GNI in DAC Countries ..... 231
Chart IV-30. Per Capita ODA in DAC Countries ..... 232
Chart IV-31. Grant Share of ODA in DAC Countries ..... 233
Chart IV-32. Grant Aid in Absolute Amounts by DAC Countries ..... 234
Chart IV-33. Grant Element of Total ODA by DAC Countries ..... 235
Chart IV-34. Tying Status of Bilateral ODA of DAC Countries ..... 236
Chart IV-35. Comparison of ODA by Major DAC Countries ..... 237
Chart IV-36. Share of Disbursements by Major DAC Countries by Region ..... 238
Chart IV-37. Aid by Major Sector in 2006 ..... 239
Section 2. Flow of Funds to Developing Countries ..... 240
Chart IV-38. The Flow of Financial Resources from DAC Countries to Developing Countries ..... 240
Section 3. ODA from Non-DAC Donors ..... 241
Chart IV-39. ODA from Non-DAC Donors ..... 241
Section 4. DAC List of Aid Recipients for 2007 ..... 242
Chart IV-40. DAC List of Aid Recipients for 2007 ..... 242
## Charts

## Part I

Chart I-1. Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion ..... 3
Chart I-2. Results for the Environment and Climate Change ..... 4
Chart I-3. Japan’s Climate Change Policies ..... 6
Chart I-4. Overview of Cool Earth Partnership (Image) ..... 9

## Part II

Chart II-1. Yokohama Declaration (Outline) (May 30, 2008) ..... 17
Chart II-2. G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Chair’s Summary (Development and Africa - Main Points) ..... 19
Chart II-3. G8 Leaders Statement on Global Food Security (Summary) ..... 21
Chart II-4. Progress Chart of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (from UN MDGs 2008 Progress Chart and other sources) ..... 22
Chart II-5. Increasing Number of Riots Due to Rising Food Prices (as of 24 June 2008) ..... 39
Chart II-6. Japan’s Food Aid to Developing Countries and Support for Increasing Agricultural Production ..... 41

## Part III

Chart III-1. ODA by Type ..... 45
Chart III-2. Japan's Bilateral Official Development Assistance by Type ..... 46
Chart III-3. Trends in Japan's ODA Budget and Other Major Expenditures ..... 47
Chart III-4. Trends in Bilateral ODA by Region (Net Disbursement) ..... 47
Chart III-5. Trends in the ODA of Major DAC Countries (Net Disbursement) ..... 48
Chart III-6. Trends in the ODA of Major DAC Countries (Gross Disbursement) ..... 48
Chart III-7. Per Capita ODA in DAC Countries ..... 49
Chart III-8. Ratio of ODA to GNI in DAC Countries ..... 49
Chart III-9. Trends in Japan's ODA and as percent of GNI ..... 50
Chart III-10. Amount of Assistance to Least Developed Countries in Japan's Bilateral Assistance ..... 50
Chart III-11. Ratio of Grants to LDC in Japan's Bilateral Assistance ..... 51
Chart III-12. Conceptual Diagram of Peacebuilding ..... 94
Chart III-13. Japan's Assistance in the East Asia Region ..... 102
Chart III-14. Japan's Assistance in the South Asia Region ..... 106
Chart III-15. Japan's Assistance in the Central Asia and the Caucasus Region ..... 109
Chart III-16. Current State of Africa ..... 111
Chart III-17. Economic Growth Rate of Africa ..... 111
Chart III-18. Japan's Assistance in the African Region ..... 112
Chart III-19. Japan's Assistance in the Middle East Region ..... 115
Chart III-20. Japan's Assistance in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region (continued overleaf) ..... 117
Chart III-21. Japan's Assistance in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region ..... 118
Chart III-22. Japan's Assistance in European Region ..... 120
Chart III-23. List of Country Assistance Programs and Countries with Country-based ODA Task Forces ..... 131
Chart III-24. Structure of Japan Platform ..... 135
# Box 1. The Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) and Related Activities in Yokohama City

The Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) held in Yokohama City in May 2008 was a highly successful event which included a diversity of activities sponsored by Yokohama, the host city, and by various organizations. Yokohama was the first city other than Tokyo to host the TICAD conference. Ahead of the conference, the city decided to immerse itself in African atmosphere. To encourage the people to familiarize themselves with Africa and to welcome the people visiting from Africa, the city designated the month of May as “African Month” and held a full array of activities relating to Africa. In total, more than 80 events were held related to TICAD, with more than 50 held during African Month alone, by various organizations other than Yokohama such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), international organizations, local organizations, NGOs and NPOs. The following reports feature some of the events that merit special mention.

## One School, One Country Project: A project for promoting understanding of Africa in elementary and junior high schools

The One School, One Country Project, which was initiated in January 2008, is an effort to give elementary school students opportunities to look at Africa and other countries of the world and think about society by stimulating their interest in and their desire to learn about Africa. As one of the exchange activities, 35 countries with embassies in Japan were introduced in 55 municipal elementary schools in Yokohama, where embassy staff, MOFA officials, and people associated with JICA and the Japan Overseas Cooperative Association (JOCA) spoke directly to students about those countries. Mayor Hiroshi Nakada of Yokohama participated in a teleconferencing session between elementary school students of both Ghana and Yokohama. In addition, one elementary school class welcomed a lesson provided by Mr. Baudouin Euloge Adogony, a native of Benin who appears on Japanese TV and is an official supporter of TICAD IV.

One School, One Country Project (Lesotho ambassador to Japan visiting an elementary school)

Teleconference

## One Station, One Country Project

To let the people become more familiar with Africa, the One Station, One Country Project was held during African Month aimed at giving quick introduction of African countries. National flags, introductory panels and PR posters for TICAD IV were set up at all of the forty municipal subway stations in Yokohama, in addition to which pictures drawn

by students participating in the One School, One Country Project and posters publicizing a quiz on African countries were displayed in subway cars. Some stations featured performances of African music and dance.

Africa screening quiz

One Station, One Country Project (wall painting ceremony attended by the Prime Minister of Angola)