Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
One Station, One Country Project (exhibition in the station yard)

African presentations in city subways

## Africa Support Campaign

Yokohama also held events aimed at supporting Africa. These included "Yokohama for Africa," a fund-raising campaign aimed at contributing directly to people suffering from hunger and malnutrition, and "Saving the Hungry in Africa," a campaign in which participating stores/restaurants contributed a portion of their sales of African foods (local cuisine or other menus featuring African products). In another campaign, bottles of Yokohama municipal water, named "Hamakko-Doshi for Africa" and bottled by the Yokohama Waterworks Bureau, were sold and a portion of the proceeds donated to support Africa. Another fund-raising campaign focused on afforestation in Africa. Thanks to these activities and the cooperation of many people and enterprises, contributions exceeding ¥7.5 million were raised (as of July 2008). The funds were donated through the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and JICA to support the provision of school lunches and afforestation activities in Africa.

Hamakko-Doshi for Africa Campaign bottle

## Transfer of Yokohama's technology to Africa and other countries

In collaboration with JICA, Yokohama will provide technical support to Africa using its technological know-how. In a variety of fields including livestock breeding and farming, port development and management, and water supply engineering and management, municipal employees will be dispatched and trainees accepted beginning in FY2008. As a model environmentally-friendly city, Yokohama also held a PR event called “Environmental Showcase” to inspire the world by introducing efforts by residents, companies and municipal administrative agencies for sustainable living. In addition, TICAD IV participants were introduced to some of the city's environmental technologies through displays using panels and images and demonstrations of recycling activities.

In addition to these activities conducted directly by Yokohama City, further momentum was given to the conference PR activities by the TICAD Yokohama Promotion Committee set up by the city and local organizations, and by the Organizing Committee for TICAD IV-related events jointly established by MOFA, Yokohama City, and others. Also, in order to raise Japanese peoples' awareness and deepen their understanding of African life and culture, vigorous PR activities were pursued through symposiums, seminars, concerts, African Festa, photography exhibits, and movie festivals.

(Source: all photos from Yokohama City)
Chart III-9. Trends in Japan’s ODA and as percent of GNI

Notes: (1) Up until 1998 the figures show ODA Disbursements as percent of GNP, from 1999 onward they show it as percent of GNI. (2) Excluding assistance to Eastern Europe and graduated countries.

Chart III-10. Amount of Assistance to Least Developed Countries in Japan’s Bilateral Assistance
# Wells that Draw Happiness —Construction of 100 Wells in Myanmar—

There is a saying “water is more precious than gold.” The central dry region in Myanmar is home to around 15,000 villages with about 6 million residents. Many struggle on a daily basis to get enough water to live and survive.

Bridge Asia Japan (BAJ) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that has been supporting the local communities to dig wells since 1999, helped in part by the Grant Assistance for Japanese NGO Projects, a program provided by the Government of Japan. BAJ's program manager Akiko Mori moved into the region in 2006, and has been promoting activities on site since then. "The water situation is worst between January and May, toward the end of the dry season. The reservoirs for rain water dry up, leaving the residents of villages without wells with no choice but to go to distant water sources either on foot or by ox carriage. This burden mainly falls

Ms. Mori (left) attending an opinion sharing meeting (Source: Ms. Mori)

to women and children. What's more, they must often rely on moonlight to make the journey, and cattle used to carry water must be away from their crucial job of cultivating the field. The residents dearly wish for the realization of 'one well for one village'" said Ms. Mori.

One particular difficulty for digging wells in this region is the depth of the water table, which sometimes makes it necessary to dig as deep as 200 to 300 meters to reach the water. It requires a large-scale excavator and preliminary surveys on the underground water, along with significant financing. At the beginning, BAJ utilized its existing excavator only, but in 2006 a donation from Watabe Wedding, a private company in Japan, brought the site a new excavator.

By the end of 2008, BAJ is expected to have dug a total of 100 new wells, as well as restoring another 100 old wells. Relieved from the arduous task of fetching water, the local people are overjoyed to be able to spend more time with their families.

BAJ also promotes opportunities for the local people to engage in technical training and to share opinions, in order to encourage their participation in maintaining the wells, and this has resulted in a growing awareness among the residents that they own the well.

For example, in order to keep their well available for use, the residents need to cover the costs of the fuel to run

Children overjoyed at having water (Source: Ms. Mori)

the pump engine as well as maintenance. The residents of each village have organized their own water management committees, with cooperation from BAJ, to handle these matters. The committee collects fees from the users of the well and jointly manages the money. Some villages were even able to use some surplus proceeds to carry out repairs to their schools.

“We hope to create a foundation for the residents to reach their maximum potential, rather than aiming for a Japanese organization to continue offering aid,” said Ms. Mori. “A growing number of communities are now able to operate and maintain their wells without the help of BAJ.”
## Science and Technology Cooperation on Global Issues

Country Name	Project Name	Principal Research Institutes
Overseas	In Japan
Infectious Diseases
Thailand	Establishment of Therapeutic Products and Technologies for Preventive Application for Emerging and Re-emerging Infections Envisaging Clinical Trial	• Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand	• Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
Zambia	The Project for Development of Control Strategies against Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Africa	• Zambia Health Ministry• University of Zambia	• Research Center of Zoonosis Control, University of Hokkaido

control through joint assistance of JICA and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), which is directed toward research institutions on both sides. Another objective of this program is to build developing countries' human resources at universities and other research institutes through performing joint research. To carry out the joint research with developing countries, JICA executes technical cooperation that combines the dispatch of researchers from Japan, the acceptance of trainees from developing countries, and the provision of equipment to developing countries. Meanwhile, JST selects joint research proposals submitted by research institutes throughout Japan and shoulders the research expenses in Japan.

Since the beginning of FY2008, MOFA and JICA have approached the governments of developing countries and have worked to ascertain their local needs. Meanwhile, MEXT and JST have solicited joint research proposals from Japanese universities and research institutes. As a result, 12 projects were chosen for this program in September 2008.

## Dispatch of Science and Technology Researchers

This form of Japan’s ODA involves the dispatch of Japanese outstanding researchers to developing countries as JICA experts, who jointly conduct research at local universities and research institutes in fields including the environment, energy, disaster prevention, and infectious diseases control. This process enables these institutions to improve the research capabilities in developing countries. As well, successful performance on the research requires the needs and interests of research institutes in developing countries matched with the ones by Japanese researchers. Therefore, to facilitate appropriate matching, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science compiles a database that combines the needs and interests of both Japanese researchers and the research institutes overseas ascertained by MOFA and JICA.

$ ^{*} $ 1 JST: Japan Science and Technology Agency

$ ^{*} $ 2 JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency

Reinforcement of capacity in developing countries to find solutions for problems by their own
institutions for the rule of law, human resources development for shifting to a market-based economy, rebuilding of social sectors such as health and medical care, and infrastructure development for promoting economic development. It is especially vital for these regions to receive assistance in "software" such as human resources development and institution building. In Uzbekistan, Japan has been cooperating in the improvement of civil and administrative laws for fostering business activities. In addition, Japan Centers for Human Development (Japan Centers) have been established in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyz Republic as bases for human resource development assistance. Experts are dispatched to these centers from Japan to offer business courses based on Japan's experiences, through which they contribute to developing human resources that can respond to the introduction of the market economy in the region.

With respect to infrastructure development, in order to

Chart III-15. Japan's Assistance in the Central Asia and the Caucasus Region

2007 (calendar year)

(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ Million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursement	Amount received
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Armenia	0.08	—	1.46	1.54	83.68	—	83.68	85.23
2	Uzbekistan	6.25	—	8.75	15.00	55.29	13.97	41.32	56.32
3	Kazakhstan	0.94	—	7.31	8.25	47.14	12.08	35.05	43.31
4	Kyrgyz Republic	5.53	—	7.98	13.51	2.18	—	2.18	15.68
5	Azerbaijan	7.68	—	1.02	8.70	2.66	—	2.66	11.36
6	Tajikistan	4.78	—	4.65	9.43	—	—	—	9.43
7	Georgia	0.94	0.08	1.89	2.83	4.18	—	4.18	7.01
8	Turkmenistan	—	—	0.38	0.38	—	0.93	-0.93	-0.54
Multiple countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus	—	—	0.37	0.37	—	—	—	0.37
Central Asia and the Caucasus region total	26.21	0.08	33.81	60.01	195.12	26.98	168.14	228.15

Notes: (1) Region classifications are determined by MOFA.

(2) Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the individual parts.
### Chart III-19. Japan's Assistance in the Middle East Region

2007 (calendar year)

(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ Million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Loan aid	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Total	Amount disbursement	Amount received	Total
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Iraq	878.28	104.00	5.63	883.92	—	25.17	-25.17	858.75
2	Afghanistan	(104.14)	(104.00)	(5.63)	(109.78)	—	—	—	(109.78)
3	Turkey	79.23	11.10	21.78	101.01	—	—	—	101.01
4	Morocco	0.20	—	7.69	7.89	242.90	164.24	78.66	86.55
5	[Palestinian Authorities]	6.01	—	8.93	14.94	107.60	57.89	49.71	64.65
6	Tunisia	40.13	27.02	8.55	48.68	—	—	—	48.68
7	Lebanon	0.18	—	8.10	8.28	57.23	44.95	12.28	20.56
8	Yemen	2.52	1.48	0.17	2.69	19.08	5.98	13.11	15.80
13.48	1.00	4.82	18.30	—	8.48	-8.48	9.82
(5.93)	—	(4.82)	(10.76)	—	(1.41)	(-1.41)	(9.35)
9	Algeria	2.71	—	3.12	5.83	1.63	0.20	1.43	7.26
10	Oman	—	—	0.90	0.90	—	—	—	0.90
11	Libya	—	—	0.43	0.43	—	—	—	0.43
12	Iran	1.45	1.00	5.80	7.25	—	19.34	-19.34	-12.09
13	Egypt	10.59	1.86	12.33	22.92	82.00	131.97	-49.96	-27.04
14	Jordan	18.52	—	9.54	28.06	11.65	68.01	-56.36	-28.31
15	Syria	4.16	—	11.92	16.08	—	68.01	-61.66	-45.58
16	Saudi Arabia	—	—	3.58	3.58	—	157.62	-157.62	-154.04
Multiple countries in Middle East	—	—	0.94	0.94	—	—	—	0.94
Middle East region total	1,057.88	147.87	114.52	1,172.40	522.10	745.52	-223.42	948.98
(276.20)	(147.87)	(114.52)	(390.72)	(522.10)	(713.28)	(-191.18)	(199.54)

Notes: (1) Region classifications are determined by MOFA. Brackets indicate names of regions.

(2) Including graduated countries in total.

(3) Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of the individual parts.

(4) Figures in parentheses do not include debt relief.

(5) “Multiple countries” refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.

in Paris to raise support for Palestine, Japan declared that it will provide immediate support to the sum of US$150 million, and as a part of that it will give emergency support of US$10 million in the form of provision of medical equipment and machinery for public medical facilities.

Regarding Japan’s independent medium to long-term effort toward peace in the Middle East—the so-called “Corridor for Peace and Prosperity” concept—as of April 2008, quadrilateral talks (between Japan, Israel, Palestine and Jordan) have been held at ministerial level twice, and at working level four times, to help work toward advancement of the concept.
development sectors including healthcare, education, water and sanitation, and agricultural development.

As well as deforestation in the Amazon, other environmental problems are worsening in Latin America and the Caribbean; the growing hole in the ozone layer, natural disasters such as hurricanes, and declining glaciers in the Andes, which are caused by climate change.

Japan is expanding its support in the areas of antipollution measures, protection of the natural environment and disaster prevention in order to put a brake on these problems and ease the environmental impact. For instance, support is being given in the form of Projects to Intensify Ozone Layer Studies in South America, to reinforce the ability to control and monitor unlawful logging in the Amazon (using data from Japanese observation satellites), and to improve community disaster prevention abilities in Latin America. In Panama, Japan is supporting the cleanup of the Gulf of Panama, an antipollution measure of the large cities.

There continues to be political unrest and domestic armed conflicts in countries such as Haiti and Colombia. Support for peace building therefore is being carried out in other areas, such as community development and food assistance, and vocational training for internally displaced persons and the families of surrendered soldiers.

## ● Region-wide Support

The formulation of region-wide projects of benefit to

Chart III-20. Japan’s Assistance in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region (continued overleaf)
every three years since 1997.

In 2006, the 4th Japan-PIF Summit Meeting was held in Okinawa, which shares common characteristics with the island countries of the Pacific such as climate and oceanic environment. This summit adopted the Okinawa Partnership, the framework for new cooperation between Japan and the PIF. Within this framework, assistance by Japan is based on five priority policy objectives. That is namely Economic Growth; Sustainable Development; Good Governance; Security; and People to People Communication and Exchange. Japan determined to provide cooperation primarily through provision of a total of ¥45 billion over a three-year period beginning in 2006, aiming to assist the self-help efforts of the Pacific island nations.

Based on the above five priority policy objectives, Japan is providing assistance giving consideration to the national development plans of each country, to its demand, and to circumstances related to its stage of development. The island nations of the Pacific are made up of a great number of islands, and since marine transportation is vital

Chart III-21. Japan's Assistance in the Oceanian Region

2007 (calendar year)

(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ Million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursement	Amount received
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Solomon Islands	12.06	0.49	3.35	15.41	—	—	—	15.41
2	Kiribati	11.97	—	1.08	13.05	—	—	—	13.05
3	Micronesia	5.51	—	3.85	9.36	—	—	—	9.36
4	Vanuatu	3.72	—	5.01	8.73	—	0.10	-0.10	8.63
5	Samoa	2.60	—	5.86	8.46	—	—	—	8.46
6	Palau	3.87	—	2.79	6.66	—	—	—	6.66
7	Fiji	—	—	6.78	6.78	—	1.03	-1.03	5.75
8	Tonga	1.86	—	2.69	4.55	—	—	—	4.55
9	Tuvalu	2.30	—	0.64	2.94	—	—	—	2.94
10	Marshall Islands	0.33	—	1.78	2.11	—	—	—	2.11
11	[Nauru]	1.02	—	0.49	1.51	—	—	—	1.51
12	[Cook Islands]	—	—	0.10	0.10	—	—	—	0.10
13	[Niue]	—	—	0.03	0.03	—	—	—	0.03
14	Papua New Guinea	0.69	0.35	10.08	10.77	—	21.41	-21.41	-10.63
Multiple countries in Oceania	—	—	2.36	2.36	—	—	—	2.36
Oceanian region total	45.93	0.84	46.89	92.82	—	22.53	-22.53	70.29

Notes: (1) Region classifications are determined by MOFA. Brackets indicate names of regions.

(2) Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of the individual parts.

(3) "Multiple countries" refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.
2007 (calendar year)

(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ Million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursement	Amount received
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	4.61	—	2.63	7.24	13.58	0.65	12.94	20.18
2	Serbia	4.43	0.50	2.80	7.23	—	—	—	7.23
3	Ukraine	2.05	—	1.83	3.88	1.85	—	1.85	5.72
4	Moldova	4.62	—	1.09	5.70	—	—	—	5.70
5	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.65	—	3.73	5.39	—	—	—	5.39
6	Montenegro	2.75	—	1.17	3.92	—	—	—	3.92
7	Belarus	0.27	—	0.11	0.37	—	—	—	0.37
8	Croatia	0.58	—	0.35	0.92	—	0.74	-0.74	0.19
9	Albania	—	—	1.28	1.28	—	2.88	-2.88	-1.60
Multiple countries of the former Yugoslavia countries	—	—	0.13	0.13	—	—	—	0.13
Multiple countries in Europe	—	—	0.32	0.32	—	—	—	0.32
European region total	22.69	0.50	27.86	50.55	80.12	21.50	58.62	109.17

Notes: (1) Region classifications are determined by MOfA.

(2) Including graduated countries and Eastern Europe in total.

(3) Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of the individual parts.

(4) "Multiple countries" refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.
agreed to advance deliberations at local sites to realize collaboration projects in Asia and Africa.

As for relations with new donors in Europe, Japan held an aid cooperation workshop in February 2008, having invited bureau-chief level officials in charge of economic cooperation from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The workshop took place at MOFA and JICA, as well as the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID) and the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS). At these venues, participants received lectures on Japan’s development cooperation, exchanged opinions, and monitored various related facilities.

Thus far, Japan has collaborated with 13 countries, including Singapore and Indonesia, as development partners. Under this partnership, Japan and its partners established frameworks to offer support for economic and social development to developing countries, especially those in Africa, ASEAN member countries, and the Southern Pacific. Japan and its partners thereby assist South-South cooperation. Specific measures to this end include third country training, dispatch of third country experts, and hosting of joint seminars, with costs shared by the governments of both sides.

### Section 3. Trends in the United Nations and Other Organizations and Japan's Commitments

### 1. Trends in the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-DAC)

The recent agenda of the Development Assistance Committee under the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-DAC) include issues associated with the enhancement of aid efficiency, and creation of cooperative relations with donors of non-DAC members. In April 2007, OECD-DAC held a high level meeting for cabinet member class officials. The meeting focused on state governance (vulnerability, and corruption prevention), enhancement of aid effects, and use of ODA funds for security, among other issues. A day before the high-level meeting, a global forum on development was held to discuss on increase of principal players associated with development and how to respond to resultant complications. This forum included a session of opinion exchanges, participated in by invitees from countries such as BRICS.

(Source: EPA=Jiji)
The World Bank was credited as one of the co-promoters of the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) held in Yokohama in May 2008. The Bank in this way cooperated at the conference in concentrating the wisdom and capitals of the international community into aid for Africa. Moreover, Japan and the World Bank agreed to strengthen their cooperation in the African region, specifically in the fields of infrastructure, private investment, agriculture, education, and health.

World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick giving a press conference at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) (second from the left) (Source: Jiji)
### Section 2. Project Budget for ODA-related Ministries and Agencies (Original Budget) and Project Outlines

Chart IV-7. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (General Account Budget)

(Units: ¥100 million, %)
FY2007	FY2008
Budget amount	Budget amount	Change from previous year	Percentage increase
Cabinet Office	37	26	▲11	▲29.4
National Police Agency	30	30	▲0	▲0.1
Financial Services Agency	94	133	39	42.0
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications	963	913	▲50	▲5.2
Ministry of Justice	342	225	▲117	▲34.3
Ministry of Foreign Affairs	454,359	440,729	▲13,631	▲3.0
Ministry of Finance	185,292	174,155	▲11,137	▲6.0
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	42,688	40,539	▲2,150	▲5.0
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare	10,348	9,361	▲987	▲9.5
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries	4,753	4,541	▲211	▲4.4
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry	29,182	28,314	▲868	▲3.0
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism	834	801	▲32	▲3.9
Ministry of the Environment	417	406	▲11	▲2.7
Total	729,339	700,173	▲29,166	▲4.0

Note: Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of the individual parts.

Chart IV-8. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (Project budget)

FY2007	FY2008
Budget amount	Budget amount	Change from previous year	Percentage increase
Cabinet Office	37	26	▲11	▲29.4
National Police Agency	30	30	▲0	▲0.1
Financial Services Agency	94	133	39	42.0
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications	963	913	▲50	▲5.2
Ministry of Justice	342	225	▲117	▲34.3
Ministry of Foreign Affairs	456,211	440,753	▲15,458	▲3.4
Ministry of Finance	854,067	961,177	107,111	12.5
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	42,688	40,539	▲2,150	▲5.0
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare	11,873	10,848	▲1,026	▲8.6
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries	17,971	15,759	▲2,211	▲12.3
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry	29,384	38,758	9,374	31.9
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism	834	801	▲32	▲3.9
Ministry of the Environment	417	1,376	959	230.0
Total (project scale)	1,414,911	1,511,339	96,428	6.8
(Reference) Recovered funds	▲524,624	▲576,366	—	—
Net	890,287	934,972	44,685	5.0

Note: Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of the individual parts.

* In addition to the above, the ODA project budget is expected to include projects that are implemented by special public corporations, etc., which have turned into independent administrative institutions.