### Box 2. Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Addressing Global Issues

In April 2008, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) established a new framework for international cooperation entitled "Science and Technology Cooperation on Global Issues." Under this framework, universities, research institutes, and other research-oriented organizations in Japan and developing countries conduct joint scientific research with a view to technical development and practical application, as well as the acquisition of new knowledge.

Global issues in areas including the environment, energy, natural disaster prevention, and infectious diseases control cannot be solved by Japan alone. The solution requires cooperation with the international community including developing countries. Japan has therefore established new programs under the above framework aimed at overcoming these issues to operate scientific and technical research and dispatch researchers. They basically cover countries that are subject to receiving Japan's ODA, mainly in Asia and Africa.

## Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

This program, established in 2008, becomes a new form of technical cooperation provided by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Projects through this program promote joint research between Japan and developing countries in fields including the environment, energy, natural disaster prevention, and infectious diseases.

Projects Selected in FY (Scientific and Technical Cooperation)

Country Name	Project Name	Principal Research Institutes
Overseas	In Japan
Environment/Energy
Brazil	Research on Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Wastes	• Federal University of Rio de Janeiro• Federal University of Santa Catarina	• Biomass Technical Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology
Egypt	Sustainable System for Food and Bio-energy Production under Water-saving Irrigation in the Egyptian Nile Basin	• Cairo University• Water Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center	• Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
Gabon	Etudes des Maladies Infectieuses (Zoonoses) Communes aux Hommes et aux Primates dans et autour du Parc National de Moukalaba Doudou (Gabon)	• Research Institute of Tropical Ecology, National Center of Scientific Research and Technology, Ministry of Scientific Research and Technological Development, Gabon	• Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Indonesia	Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat Forest in Indonesia	• State Ministry of Research and Technology, Indonesia• National Standardization Agency of Indonesia• Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space• Research of Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences• University of Palangka Raya• Bogor Agriculture University	• Graduate School of Agriculture / Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
Thailand	Water Environment Integration System	• Kasetsart University• Royal Irrigation Department• Thai Meteorological Department	• Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo
Thailand	Research and Development Center for Tropical Water Reuse Technology	• Environmental Research and Training Center, Thailand• Chulalongkorn University• Kasetsart University	• Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo
Tuvalu	Project for Eco-technological management of Tuvalu against sea level rise	• Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Tuvalu• Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission• South Pacific University	• School of Science, University of Tokyo
Disaster Prevention
Bhutan	Study on GLOFs (Glacial Lake Outburst Floods) in the Bhutan Himalayas	• Department of Geology and Mines, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bhutan	• Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University
Croatia	Risk Identification and Land-use Planning for Disaster Mitigation of Landslides and Floods in Croatia	• University of Split• University of Rijeka• University of Zagreb	• Center for National Hazards and Disaster Recovery, Niigata University
Indonesia	Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia	• Ministry of Research and Technology, Indonesia• Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesia• Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation• Institute of Technology, Bandung• Indonesian Institute of Sciences	• Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo