Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
With regard to copyright awareness in using contents, users who are “always aware/sometimes aware” account for 46.4% in Japan, 71.8% in the United States, and 49.8% in the Republic of Korea, and those who are “often not aware/never aware” account for 53.6% in Japan, 28.2% in the United States, and 50.2% in the Republic of Korea. Copyright awareness is higher in the United States than in the other two countries, and the awareness level is about the same in Japan and the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-2-15).

The percentage of users of P2P file sharing software is tremendously large in the Republic of Korea compared to the other two countries, with the utilization rate being 3.7% in Japan, 11.6% in the United States, and 44.2% in the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-2-16).

## (3) Music distribution

The music distribution service started by a U.S. company, A, in April 2003 (launched in April 2003 in the United States and in June 2004 in Europe) was an explosive hit due to the large collection of music available, the low price, and loose copyright restrictions. The cumulative total of the number of tunes sold exceeded 300 million in March 2005, and currently the daily sales exceed one million tunes. While purchases of music via the Internet surged from April 2003 in the United States, the

Figure 1-2-14 Status of use of paid contents (multiple responses possible)

Mobile phone Internet users

* Only mobile phone Internet users were questioned about the status of use of “ring-tone melodies, etc.”.

Source: Survey on Networks and People’s Lives (Web Survey)

Figure 1-2-15 Copyright awareness upon using contents

Figure 1-2-16 Status of use of P2P file sharing software

Source for Figures 1-2-15 and 1-2-16 Source: Survey on Networks and People's Lives (Web Survey)
shipment volume of musical CDs in 2004 also increased by 2.8% over the previous year (Figure 1-2-17).

Many Japanese companies have also entered the music distribution market since 2004 (Figure 1-2-18). The Japanese music distribution market is still small compared to the United States with two major companies' monthly music sales in January 2005 being about 510,000 tunes. This is considered to be because the Japanese music distribution services are not sufficiently attractive for users at present.

Among Internet users, those who use music distribution services through PCs account for 8.9%, which is still small in number (Figure 1-2-19).

The most commonly mentioned dissatisfaction with music distribution services through PCs was “the price of music is high” (26.3%), followed by “the restrictions on copying and transfer are tight” (17.1%), “it takes a lot of effort to find the desired tune” (15.9%), and “the desired tune is not available/the music collection is small” (15.2%) (Figure 1-2-20). This indicates that there is a high degree of dissatisfaction with the price, copyright control, and the number of available tunes. As for the intent for using the service in the future, those who “want to use it” accounted for 42.9%.

## 6 Comparison of ICT use in Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea

## (1) Internet use through mobile phones

The Internet utilization rate of mobile phone users is the highest in Japan at 78.8%, followed by the Republic of Korea at 66.9%. In the United States the rate is 32.2%, a considerably low percentage compared to Japan and the Republic of Korea, indicating that Internet use through mobile phones is not in wide use in U.S. society.

Figure 1-2-17 Status of music distribution services and CD shipment in the United States

Total number of tunes sold by A (estimate)

CD shipment volume (compared to the previous year)

Figure 1-2-19 Utilization rate of online music distribution

Figure 1-2-18 Status of major Japanese music distributors (15 companies) (as of March 2005)

Time of launch	1999 or earlier: 2 companies
2000-2003: 3 companies
2004 or after: 10 companies
Compression format	Only WMA: 9 companies
Only ATRAC3: 3 companies
Both WMA and ATRAC3: 2 companies
Both WMA and MP3: 1 company
Price per tune	About 150 to 350 yen
Tune available	About 10,000 to 30,000 tunes: 3 companies
About 40,000 to 70,000 tunes: 2 companies
About 80,000 to 100,000 tunes: 7 companies
About 150,000 tunes: 1 company
Writing on a CD-R	Prohibited: 5 companies
Prohibited except for certain labels/tunes:
10 companies

Source for Figures 1-2-17 and 1-2-18 Source: Survey on Networks and People's Lives

Figure 1-2-20 Dissatisfying aspects of online music distribution services
## (2) Changes in activity patterns in line with the use of the Internet

With respect to changes in daily activity patterns in line with the use of the Internet, many users mentioned that the time in contact with other media (books, magazines, newspaper, and TV), the time for sleep, and the frequency of going out decreased in Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea. In Japan and the United States, the number of users who said the frequency of communicating with family members or friends and the frequency of traveling increased exceeded the number who said the frequency decreased.

The number of users who said their daily activity pattern has “not changed” was the highest in the United States for all of the items, while in the Republic of Korea, the number of such users was the lowest and the number of users who said the frequency or length of time “decreased” was the highest for all of the items. This shows that Internet use has had the largest influence on people’s daily activity patterns in the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-2-21).

Figure 1-2-21 Changes in activity patterns in line with the use of the Internet

* The line chart indicates the percentage of users who answered “increased” by deducting the percentage of users who answered “decreased” for each item. The bar chart indicates the percentage of users who answered “not changed.”
## Section 3

## I CT Use by Companies

## 1 Enhanced use of ICT by companies

## (1) Progress in use of the Internet

Companies’ Internet utilization rate increased by 8.8 points from 89.3% at the end of 2000 to 98.1% at the end of 2004, which indicates that most companies are using the Internet. Meanwhile, the Internet utilization rate at business establishments increased by 37.0 points from 44.8% at the end of 2000 to 81.8% at the end of 2004 (Figure 1-3-1).

## (2) Introduction of ICT systems

The introduction of ICT systems has made progress in almost all operations compared to FY 2002. The introduction is particularly noticeable in areas of development/design and customer services (Figure 1-3-2).

ICT systems are generally introduced for two main purposes: “reducing costs/improving operational efficiency” and “expanding sales/increasing added value.” When the purposes were compared with those in FY 2002, the number of companies that introduced ICT systems for “reducing costs/improving operational efficiency

Figure 1-3-1 Transition in the Internet utilization rate (left: enterprises; right: establishments)

Produced from MIC, Communications Usage Trend Survey

Figure 1-3-2 Transition in the introduction of ICT systems by type of operations

Source: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)
cy” decreased, while those that introduced the systems for “expanding sales/increasing added value” increased (Figures 1-3-3 and 1-3-4). This shows that the conventional tendency of Japanese companies to link introduction of ICT with improvement of operational efficiency has been undergoing changes over the past two years.

In order to increase the effectiveness of ICT system investment, the mere introduction of ICT systems would not be enough, but efforts such as reviewing the existing operational processes and verification of the effectiveness would be essential. When such corporate efforts toward increasing the effectiveness were compared with those in FY 2002, larger efforts were being made in respect to “verifying cost-effectiveness,” “organizational/institutional reform for management of ICT systems,” and “selection and concentration” (Figure 1-3-5).

When the actual effects of introducing ICT systems were compared with those in FY 2002, more companies were found to recognize effectiveness both in terms of reducing costs/improving operational efficiency and expanding sales/increasing added value (Figure 1-3-6). The assumable factors behind such increase are the progress in the connection of ICT systems between companies, changes in the purpose for introducing ICT systems, and advancement in the efforts toward increasing the effectiveness of ICT system investment.

There are no major differences among Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea as to the ICT system introduction rate by type of operations, except that the introduction in customer services is advanced in

Figure 1-3-3 Purpose for introducing ICT systems (reducing costs/improving operational efficiency)

Figure 1-3-4 Purpose for introducing ICT systems (expanding sales/increasing added value)

Figure 1-3-5 Efforts toward increasing effectiveness of ICT system investment

* The percentage of companies that answered “sufficient efforts are made” or “some efforts are made.”

Figure 1-3-6 Effects of introducing ICT system

* The percentage of companies that answered “sufficient effect was observed” or “some effect was observed.”

Source for Figures 1-3-3 and 1-3-6 Source: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)
the United States (Figure 1-3-7).

The percentages of companies that introduced ICT systems for “reducing costs/improving operational efficiency” and “expanding sales/increasing added value” were the highest in the United States, followed by Japan and the Republic of Korea (Figures 1-3-8 and 1-3-9).

The efforts toward increasing the effectiveness of ICT system investment were the most advanced in the United States, followed by the Republic of Korea and Japan (Figure 1-3-10).

The actual effects of introducing ICT systems were the highest in the Republic of Korea, both in terms of “reducing costs/improving operational efficiency” and “expanding sales/increasing added value” (Figure 1-3-11).

## 2 Expansion of E-Commerce

With respect to B2B e-commerce, 42.8% of companies “procure goods/services from companies via the Internet (procurement)” and 27.0% of companies “sell goods/services to companies via the Internet (sales).” In the United States, procurement is implemented by 68.6% of companies and sales by 34.4%, while in the Republic of Korea, procurement is implemented by 44.5% of companies and sales by 22.2%. The implementation rates for procurement and sales are both high in the United States.

As for B2C transactions via PC Internet in Japan, 28.9% of companies are “currently implementing” and 18.3% are “scheduled to implement or considering implementation.” With regard to e-commerce via mobile phones, 9.1% of companies are “currently implementing” and 25.6% are “scheduled to implement or considering implementation.” The implementation rate of e-commerce via mobile phones is one-third of that via PCs, but since many companies are “scheduled to implement or considering implementation,” e-commerce via mobile phones is expected to come into wider use in the future. Most of the companies that answered “currently implementing” or “scheduled to implement or considering implementation” for e-commerce via mobile phones also answered “currently implementing” or “scheduled to implement or considering implementation” for e-commerce via PCs, so companies that implement both e-commerce via PCs and mobile phones are likely to increase in the future. In the United States, the implementation rate of e-commerce via PCs is higher than in Japan and the Republic of Korea, and the situation in the Republic of Korea is similar to that in Japan (Figure 1-3-12).

## 3 Comparison of ICT use among Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea

The rate of introducing video conference systems is the highest in the United States at 76.4%, followed by Japan (50.8%) and the Republic of Korea (32.6%). The utilization rate of mobile phones is around the same in Japan and the United States at a little less than 70%, and it is 29.6% in the Republic of Korea.

The rate of introducing telework is the highest in the

Figure 1-3-7 Comparison among Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea as to the introduction of ICT systems by type of operations

Source: “Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies” (Web Survey)
Figure 1-3-8 Purpose for introducing ICT systems (reducing costs/improving operational efficiency)

Figure 1-3-9 Purpose for introducing ICT systems (expanding sales/increasing added value)

Figure 1-3-11 Effects of introducing ICT system

* The percentage of companies that answered “sufficient effect was observed” or “some effect was observed.”

Source for Figures 1-3-8 and 1-3-11: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)

Figure 1-3-12 Implementation of e-commerce via PCs/mobile phones

Source: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)
United States at 68.9%, followed by the Republic of Korea (21.2%) and Japan (14.7%) (Figure 1-3-13). The rate of introducing open source software (OSS) as the server OS is the highest in the United States at 33.0%, while the rate was 21.0% in Japan and the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-3-14).

With respect to the shift from mainframe systems to open systems, companies that “already conducted full replacement/[are] considering full replacement” account for 21.9% in the Republic of Korea, 20.1% in the United States, and 17.7% in Japan. Companies that “already conducted partial replacement/[are] considering partial replacement” account for 45.6% in Japan, 43.6% in the Republic of Korea, and 36.4% in the United States. Companies “continuing to use mainframes” account for 34.7% in the United States, 31.8% in Japan, and 26.0% in the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-3-15).

The utilization rate of ASP services is the highest in the Republic of Korea at 24.4%, followed by the United States (20.5%) and Japan (12.6%), while that of iDC services is the highest in the Republic of Korea at 27.9%, followed by Japan (12.5%) and the United States (10.8%) (Figure 1-3-16).

Figure 1-3-13 Introduction of telework

Already introduced

Not introduced, but have a concrete plan to introduce

Neither introduced nor have a concrete plan to introduce

Figure 1-3-14 Introduction of OSS (Linux, FreeBSD, etc.) as the server OS

Source for Figures 1-3-13 and 1-3-14: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)

Figure 1-3-15 Status of the shift from mainframes to open systems

Figure 1-3-16 Status of use of ASP and iDC services
## Section 4

## Network Infrastructure Supporting u-Japan

## 1 Progress of broadband

The number of broadband subscribers reached 18.66 million at the end of December 2004, increasing by 36.5% over the previous year. In this manner, broadband is continuing to expand steadily (Figure 1-4-1). Among the broadband subscribers, 13.33 million subscribe to DSL, 2.87 million to cable Internet, and 2.43 million to FTTH. Thus, DSL subscribers account for 71.4% of broadband subscribers.

Looking at the transition in the quarterly net increase of subscribers in 2003 and 2004, DSL subscribers decreased from 1.377 million in the January-March 2003 term to 522 thousand in the October-December 2004 term, while FTTH subscribers increased from 99 thousand to 401 thousand during the same period. Therefore, FTTH is expected to further spread in the future (Figure 1-4-2).

When making international comparison of broadband diffusion, the number of broadband subscribers in 2003 was the highest in the United States with 27.15 million subscribers, followed by Japan (14.92 million subscribers), the Republic of Korea (11.18 million subscribers), and China (10.52 million subscribers). Meanwhile, the broadband penetration rate in 2003 was the highest in the Republic of Korea at 23.3%, followed by Hong Kong (18.0%) and Canada (14.7%). The penetration rate in Japan was 11.7%, raising its rank to sev-

Figure 1-4-1 Transition in the number of broadband subscribers

The values for 2004 are those as of the end of December.

Broadband: Total for FTTH, DSL, cable Internet, and wireless (FWA)

Figure 1-4-2 Net increase in the number of DSL/FTTH subscribers
enth place from ninth place in 2002 (Figure 1-4-3).

When the DSL and cable Internet fees in various countries are compared by converting them into fees per 100 kbps, the fees in Japan are the lowest at 0.06 dollars, followed by the Republic of Korea (0.24 dollars), Sweden (0.24 dollars), and Taiwan (0.44 dollars) (Figure 1-4-4).

## 2 Progress of mobile communications

The number of mobile phone subscribers at the end of FY 2004 was 87 million (increasing by 6.7% over the previous year), continuing to increase but slowing down. The number of mobile phone Internet (Internet access services using mobile phones) subscribers was 75.15 million (increasing by 7.8% over the previous year), accounting for 86.4% of mobile phone subscribers (Figure 1-4-5).

With regard to third-generation mobile phones, the NTT DoCoMo group started W-CDMA services in October 2001 for the first time in the world, then the KDDI group started CDMA2000 services in April 2002 and J-Phone (currently Vodafone) started W-CDMA services in December of the same year. The number of third-generation mobile phone subscribers at the end of FY 2004 reached 30.35 million (increasing by 81.8% over the previous year), accounting for 34.9% of mobile phone subscribers (Figure 1-4-6).

The rate of Internet users using wireless LAN is 17.1%, exceeding the 15.1% in the United States and the 7.3% in the Republic of Korea.

## 3 Progress of IP networks

The utilization rate of IP phones in households increased by 5.4 points from 7.3% in 2003 to 12.7% in 2004. In addition, up to 69.1% of households plan the introduction, so IP phones are expected to spread further in the future (Figure 1-4-7). As for the toll-cutting effect of IP phones, 46.0% of the users recognized a toll-cutting effect, while 16.6% recognized no changes in tolls (Figure 1-4-8).

The communications services that are most widely used as trunk systems for corporate communications networks are “IP-VPNs” at 24.7%, followed by “Internet

Figure 1-4-3 International comparison of the number of broadband subscribers and the penetration rate (2003)

Figure 1-4-4 International comparison of broadband fees (fees per 100 kbps; 2003)

Source for Figures 1-4-3 and 1-4-4: Produced from on ITU, The Portable Internet (September 2004)
Figure 1-4-5 Transition in the number of mobile phone subscribers

* The number of mobile phone Internet subscribers indicates the number of subscribers to i-mode, EZweb (including former EZaccess), and Vodafone Live! (including former J-Sky) services provided by mobile phone carriers.

Produced from materials from the Telecommunications Carriers Association

Figure 1-4-6 Transition in the number of third-generation mobile phone subscribers

Produced from materials from the Telecommunications Carriers Association

Figure 1-4-7 IP phone utilization rate for households

* The option “plan to introduce” was added in the 2004 survey.

Figure 1-4-8 Toll-cutting effect of IP phones

Source for Figures 1-4-7 and 1-4-8: MIC, Communications Usage Trend Survey
VPNs” (18.3%) and “dedicated lines” (15.1%). Compared to 2003, the use of “IP-VPNs” and “Internet VPNs” increased, while the use of “dedicated lines” and other services decreased. This suggests that IP networks are being increasingly used as trunk systems (Figure 1-4-9).

## 4 Diffusion of terrestrial digital broadcasting

Terrestrial digital broadcasting, which was launched in three metropolitan areas (Kanto, Chukyo, and Kinki) in December 2003, has been steadily expanding its service areas. The shipment volume of receivers supporting terrestrial digital broadcasting also increased rapidly. The cumulative shipment volume at the end of April 2005 reached 4,335,000 units (Figure 1-4-10).

### 5. Japan’s advantage in information and communications equipment and technology

The areas of ICT R&D that should be particularly emphasized in promoting construction of a ubiquitous network society in the future are: (i) new-generation network technology; (ii) universal communications technology; and (iii) ICT for safety and security.

A survey was conducted on Japanese ICT engineers concerning the advantages of Japan, North America, Europe, and Asia in major core technology in these three areas. As a result, many responded that Japan had an advantage in FTTH, next-generation mobile phones, real-world networked robots, high-definition imaging technology, home networks, and mobile equipment technology, while many responded that North America had an advantage in the area of ICT for safety and security, such as IP traceback technology, automated management of network building/operation, and adhoc sensor networks (Figure 1-4-11).

Figure 1-4-9 Services used for trunk systems of corporate communications networks

Source MIC, Communications Usage Trend Survey

Figure 1-4-10 Shipment volume of receivers supporting terrestrial digital broadcasting

Produced from materials from the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
Figure 1-4-11 International comparison of the advantages in ubiquitous network related technology

Source: Survey on Trends Concerning a Ubiquitous Network Society
## Section 5

## Challenges Toward Achieving u-Japan

## 1 Safe and secure ICT use

## (1) ICT security incidents experienced by individuals and companies

Among PC Internet users, 86.5% experienced ICT security incidents during 2004. The most frequently occurring incident was “spam” at 72.4%, followed by “discovery of a virus” (43.1%) and “virus infection” (20.3%).

A similar trend was observed in the United States and the Republic of Korea as well. About 90% of PC Internet users experienced some ICT security incidents, and the most frequently occurring incidents were in the order of “spam,” “discovery of a virus,” and “virus infection.” Looking at the individual types of incidents, “virus infection” was most frequently observed in the Republic of Korea at 44.8%, followed by the United States at 35.8% and Japan at 20.3%. In the United States, where phishing has grown into a social problem recently, “phishing mail” was experienced by 36.7% of users, which is higher than the 9.7% in Japan and the 11.6% in the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-5-1).

## (2) Virus and unauthorized access

According to two companies aggregating and publishing virus incident reports, the number of virus incidents reported during 2004 was 121,404, which is about three times higher than the 43,384 incidents observed during 2001 (Figure 1-5-2). In 2004, new viruses including “Netsky” and “Bagle” spread widely.

Figure 1-5-1 ICT security incidents experienced by PC Internet users

Source: Survey on Networks and People’s Lives (Web Survey)

Figure 1-5-2 Transition in the number of virus incidents reported

Source: Survey on Networks and People's Lives
Among Internet users, 93.0% take some measure against viruses and unauthorized accesses. The measure most frequently taken is “using anti-virus software” at 63.1%, followed by “using caution when opening attached files and HTML e-mail messages” (57.4%).

A similar trend is observed in the United States and the Republic of Korea as well. More than 90% of Internet users take some measure, and the most frequently taken measures include “using anti-virus software” and “using caution when opening attached files and HTML e-mail messages.” Overall, Internet users in the United States are taking the strongest measures, followed by users in Japan and users in the Republic of Korea (Figure 1-5-3).

Figure 1-5-3 Anti-virus measures and measures against unauthorized access taken by Internet users

Source: Survey on Networks and People's Lives (Web Survey)

Figure 1-5-4 IT security measures taken by companies

Source: Survey on the Current Status of ICT Use by Companies (Web Survey)