authorized stay through these simple procedures, there are some restrictions, such as on period of stay and areas of movement.

(a) Permission for Landing at Port of Call (Article 14 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 13 of the Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulations)

This permission reduces the burden imposed on foreign passengers who change vessels in Japan to get to other countries. It allows a foreign national who is to proceed via Japan to an area outside Japan to stay for not more than 72 hours if he desires to land temporarily for the purpose of making purchases or rest at a place in the vicinity of the port of call (airport or harbor). However, this permission will not be extended when the vessel is not proceeding to a destination outside Japan but is the actual destination.

(b) Permission for Landing in Transit (Article 15 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 14 of the Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulations)

This permission reduces the burden imposed on foreign passengers aboard a vessel. It allows a foreign national aboard a vessel calling at more than two ports of entry or departure to land temporarily for sightseeing purposes while the vessel is in Japan and to return to the vessel at another port of entry or departure at which the vessel is scheduled to call within 15 days, or allows a foreign national who plans to proceed to an area outside Japan via Japan to make a transit stop in order to leave Japan from another port of entry or departure in the vicinity of the port at which he entered, on board a vessel or a plane, within 3 days of his entry into Japan.

(c) Landing Permission for Crewmembers (Article 16 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 15, 15-2 of the Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulations)

This permission reduces the burden imposed on foreign crewmembers. It allows a foreign crewmember aboard a vessel to land temporarily at a port of call for the purpose of transferring to another vessel, making purchases or shopping within 7 or 15 days.

For foreign crewmembers who frequently land at a Japanese port of entry or departure, there is also a system of multiple landing permission for crewmembers.

(d) Permission for Emergency Landing (Article 17 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 16 of the Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulations)

This permission is established for the purpose of promptly handling emergency cases of foreign passengers and crewmembers aboard a vessel. It is granted when such a foreign national needs to land to be treated for physical trouble such as sickness or injury.

(e) Landing Permission in the Event of a Disaster (Article 18 of the Immigration Control Act, Article 17 of the Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulations)

This permission is established for the purpose of promptly dealing with vessels that are in distress. It is granted when it is necessary to carry out relief and protection of foreign victims aboard a vessel in distress or in the event of a forced landing.

## (3) Examination of Statuses of Residence of Foreign Nationals

### a. Status of Residence System

Foreign nationals who enter and reside in Japan must, in principle, qualify for one of the categories of status of residence as set forth in the Immigration Control Act. The status of residence is a classification of various types of activities that foreign nationals may be engaged