Figure3-3-12 Daily Variation of Heat Island Potential (a summer sunny day)

A measure to evaluate levels of possibilities for heat island to occur, which is used as an index for environmental effects to surrounding areas a site or a city block as objects for development brings.

The measure shows sensible heat load to the atmosphere and is calculated from the computation of surface temperatures.

Figure3-3-14

Situations of Thermal Comforts in Living Areas (MRT)

Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) [ $ ^{\circ} $ C]

This is an index to evaluate effects by heat radiation, which is one of major parameters to decide thermal comforts in outdoor living areas.

incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting at residential and business facilities; residents to replace their electrical appliances to most energy efficient, to promote the utilization of public transportation by reducing the number of parking lots; the city hall to plant tree etc. along roads and sidewalks, to implement permeable asphalt pavement, to use rain water; to install energy saving lights, to install solar power generation panels for illuminating streetlights and other lights, and to secure the greening rate of at least 25% by planting plants in the building lots. Currently, the examination of setting these target values and assessment methods of the effect of countermeasures are under way.

The new station (Settsu city station), the entrance of the community, is promoting approaches towards the nation's first “carbon neutral station”—to eliminate $ CO_{2} $ emissions caused by the station. The amount of $ CO_{2} $ emissions emitted at the new station is estimated to be about 65 tons per year.

Figure3-3-13 Energy Consumption and Amount of CO₂ Emissions in Summer and Winter

Computation results in the cases of a sunny day in summer and winter.

Energy consumption is based on the second standard. Amount of $ CO_{2} $ emissions are based on the energy consumption of buildings in operation stage.

• In the proposal city block, energy consumption for cooling and heating is considerably reduced by adoption of the next-generation energy efficiency standards to buildings, shielding summer sunlight and direct heat gain in winter, etc.

• Energy consumption of hot-water supply is also largely cut down, thanks to introduction of solar water heaters and high-efficiency heat pump water heaters.

• The proposal city block (year of 2010) can generate about 60% of energy consumption of a sunny day in summer from solar power generation panels installed on each houses.

• The proposal city block (year of 2030) is expected to reduce further energy consumption, thanks to energy saving in lighting, electrical appliances, etc. by the Top Runner method and high-efficiency heating and cooling and hot-water systems. In addition, solar power generation enables to make amount of $ CO_{2} $ emissions less than 0 at the stage of operation. electricity generated surpassing energy consumption.

• Because, under large tree crowns, sunlights are shielded and surface temperatures are kept lower than air temperatures by water-retentive pavement, MRT gets 31.7°C, lower than air temperature (32.3°C), creating living areas where breezes give coolness.

• MRT are less than $ 35^{\circ} $ C even on the tree-lined roads and the grass surface without tree shade and places with high MRT are not observed unlike above the paved road in the existing city block.

Simulations were conducted by Tokyo Institute of Technology Hoyano/Asawa laboratory

About 35 tons of this (54% of the emissions) will be by introducing solar power generation and adopting energy saving equipment, such as LED lights. About 30 tons (46% of the emissions), where direct reduction is difficult, will be offset by purchasing emission reduction credits, etc., planning to reduce $ CO_{2} $ emissions from the new station to zero.

C Environmental education and practice with collaboration of administrations, civil groups, etc.

In order to advance approaches to regional environmental conservation, combining community and regional developments, participation and cooperation of people from various parties is indispensable. Each regional administration, citizens, civil groups that are practicing approaches related to developments, educational institutions, such as schools, and