Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Recent portable smuggling offenses indicate that Iranian and other drug criminal organizations hire foreign nationals of diverse nationality to smuggle stimulant drugs and other narcotics to all corners of the world not only from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan but also from Southeast Asian and African countries

Table-2 Trends in the Arrests in Stimulant Drug Smuggling Offenses (2000-2009)

Year Category	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
No. of cases cleared (cases )	45	46	16	47	102	27	63	65	77	164
Portable smuggling offenses	26	17	8	21	74	17	40	46	49	127
No. of arrests (persons )	68	56	20	65	120	40	77	90	97	219

## 3 ) Handgun Smuggling Offenses

As most of handguns confiscated in Japan are manufactured overseas, we are strengthening coastal operations in cooperation with the customs service, the Japan Coast Guard and other relevant organizations and are also promoting integrated crackdowns on handgun smuggling offenses (including preparatory ones).

Trends in handgun smuggling cases cleared are shown in Table-3.

Table-3 Trends in Handgun Smuggling Cases Cleared (2000-2009)

Year Category	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
No. of cases cleared ( cases )	6( 5)	2( 1)	5( 3)	13( 8)	4( 3)	3( 2)	6(2)	6(3)	3(1)	4(1)
No. of arrests ( persons )	18(17)	5( 3)	7( 5)	17(10)	5( 4)	5( 4)	14(8)	7(4)	3(1)	4(1)
No. of handguns seized	114	0	10	13	4	4	12	3	1	1

The breakdown of 2,203 genuine handguns confiscated in the last five years by country of manufacture shows that the largest group of 620 (28.1%) were made in the United States, followed by 375 (16.2%) in Japan, 188 (8.5%) in Belgium and 130 (5.9%) in the Philippines, an indication that handguns made in countries around the world, including Europe and North America, are flowing into Japan.

Genuine handguns manufactured in Japan are mostly handguns for military purposes used by the now-defunct Imperial Japanese Army.

Diagram-15 Breakdown of Genuine Handguns Confiscated by Country of Manufacture (2005-2009)
## (2) Globalization of Cybercrimes

With the Internet spreading over foreign countries as well as Japan, cross-border cybercrimes are prevalent, including unauthorized access from overseas. In 2009, the number of recognized unauthorized access from overseas came to 40 cases, mainly from China and South Korea.

The Internet hosts a plethora of websites and electronic bulletin boards that hold illegal information such as child pornographic images, some of which is stored in web servers located abroad. Of information determined as illegal by the Internet Hotline Center (Refer to P.25 and 66), 5,419 cases were stored in web servers overseas.

Diagram-16 Trends in the Number of Confirmed Unauthorized Access(2005-2009)

## (3) Globalization of Offenses of Intellectual Property Rights Violations

The number of offenses of intellectual property rights violations cleared $ ^{1} $ in 2009 stood at 364 and the number of arrests in such offenses came to 620, both remaining at high levels.

In counterfeit offenses (violations of the Trademark Act), the bulk of fraudulent brand-name products confiscated were smuggled into Japan via international mail from Asian countries, mainly China and South Korea, and sold online over the Internet.

In piracy offenses (violations of the Copyright Act), most of pirated products were copied using personal computers in Japan, but some were smuggled into Japan from China and other Asian countries. In both cases, pirated versions were sold mainly over the Internet. Offenses of public transmission right infringements (violations of the Copyright Act) using file-sharing software are also on the rise.

Note 1: Multiple crimes perpetrated by the same suspects are recorded as the single crime.

Table-4 Changes in Intellectual Property Rights Violations Cleared (2005-2009)

No. of Offenses/Arts.	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category	No. of Offenses	No. of Arrests	No. of Offenses	No. of Arrests	No. of Offenses	No. of Arrests	No. of Offenses	No. of Arrests	No. of Offenses	No. of Arrests
Trademark Act violations (counterfeit offenses, etc.)	326	551	315	537	276	472	246	442	200	313
Copyright Act violations (piracy offenses, etc.)	145	206	163	219	137	210	115	180	119	178
Others	21	48	15	27	28	74	24	88	45	129
Total	492	805	493	783	441	756	385	710	364	620

Table-5 Of Fraudulent Brand-Name Products Confiscated, Changes in Seized Products

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category
Total number	154,075	190,062	315,302	280,679	107,637
China	9,663	73,512	143,170	268,326
South Korea	98,436	115,881	117,930	5,972
Hong Kong	2,091	70	49,694	12
Taiwan	32,258	388	0	0
Others	11,627	211	4,508	6,369
The globalization of economic activities and the spread of the Internet have brought forth the globalization of offenses of intellectual property rights violations, with fraudulent brand-name products manufactured in China and other countries flowing into Japan via third countries.

## (4) Globalization of Money Laundering Offenses

Money laundering, generally speaking, is a set of acts to blur the sources and true owners of crime proceeds in order to avert the discovery of crime proceeds and detection of crimes by investigative authorities. In addition to money laundering by Japanese nationals to transfer crime proceeds across the border, the globalization of economic activities and financial services has given rise to money laundering perpetrated by foreign nationals visiting Japan.

We are stepping up efforts to crack down on money laundering offenses by, among others, making use of the system of reporting suspicious transactions $ ^{1} $ stipulated in the Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds.

Of the money laundering offenses cleared I 2009, those perpetrated by foreign nationals visiting Japan came to 13 cases, increasing by 5 cases, or 62.5%, over the previous year to account for 5.5% of the total.

Note 1: Financial institutions, financial lease providers, credit card companies, building lot and building transaction business operators, jewel and precious metal dealers, and mail receipt and telephone receptionist service providers are required to report to their respective regulatory authorities in cases where money they receive in their business operations is suspected to be criminal proceeds.
### Section 2. Strategies to Fight the Globalization of Crimes

### 1. Establishment of the Strategic Plan to Fight the Globalization of Crimes

Fighting the “globalization of crimes” means more than just clearing cases as they happen – it requires an understanding of the networks that support the “globalization of crimes,” a heightening of the ability of the police to gather and analyze information, and a strengthening of systems to disband global organized crime groups. Furthermore, as international crime organizations often link with each other to commit cross-border crime and are increasing the diversity and reach of the criminal acts they commit, enhancing greater cooperation across departments and jurisdictions as well as the further deepening of ties with foreign security organizations is indispensable.

In February 2010, as a basic policy for fighting the “globalization of crimes,” the police put together measures to be focused on at the moment and established “The Strategic Plan to Fight the Globalization of Crimes” (hereinafter referred to as, “the strategic plan”).

Based on the strategic plan, the police are exerting every effort to effectively proceed forward with efforts on the “globalization of crimes.”

### 2. System Structures

## (1) System Structures

The police established an Anti-Global Organized Crime Committee with the Deputy Commissioner General of the NPA as its head in February 2010, and are promoting comprehensive countermeasures to fight the “globalization of crimes.” In April 2010, the Anti-Global Organized Crime Task Force was established as a taskforce in charge of collecting, sharing and analyzing information on international criminal organizations, giving instructions to Prefectural Police, and coordinating operations with international security organizations.

In addition, among Prefectural Police, a cross-organizational system was put into place led by the Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters, and project teams (Anti-Global Organized Crime Task Force, etc.) were established to collate and analyze the information of each police division on international crime organizations, and to link up and coordinate with Prefectural Police.

## (2) Fostering Investigators able to Work in International Investigations

Prefectural Police are taking on personnel with high linguistic abilities as police officers, implementing various types of training, fostering investigators able to work in international investigations, and are having them investigate suspects of foreign nationalities.

In addition, as investigations of international criminal organizations require a large amount of specialized knowledge not just with regard to languages, but also with regard to external and internal laws and conditions related to immigration procedures, assisting international investigations, and case processing procedures, at the Research and Training Center for International Criminal Investigation and Police Cooperation of the National Police Academy attached to the NPA, field training for international investigators is being implemented to improve their capabilities.
### Column 2. Creating a System for Interpretation

With the progress of the “globalization of crime,” Prefectural Police must not just hire police officers with high linguistic abilities but also put general workers through training and have them act as interpreters during international investigations.

However, as it is hard to secure enough personnel within the police staff to handle all necessary interpretation, the police also rely partly on civilian interpreters. The police hold training sessions to deepen these civilian interpreters' understanding of criminal investigations, and distribute interpretation handbooks and other material.

Furthermore, as there is on occasion a need for sudden interpretation services in the middle of the night, the Prefectural Police have established an interpretation center, and are working to bolster the systems of interpretation.

### 3. Strengthening Police Capabilities to Collect, Share and Analyze Information

International criminal organizations are diversifying and expanding their networks by setting up bases of operation around the world with multinational membership and other means. In order to accurately understand the reality of such organizations, more must be done to strengthen the capabilities of the police in gathering, sharing and analyzing information.

In the past, investigators from abroad dealt with different divisions depending on criminal offense and information gained over the course of an investigation tended to be segregated and managed by different groups. It is hard to say that such information was used systematically.

Against such a situation, based on the strategic plan and centered on situation analysis groups which work to collect information on international criminal organizations, Prefectural Police have been collecting information on a wide-scale concerning matters such as the connection between members of international criminal organizations and people surrounding them, the creation of criminal organization infrastructure, and the movement of funds. In addition, the Anti-Global Organized Crime Task Force and other divisions are to promote the summarizing and analyzing of collected information.

Furthermore, in the Anti-Global Organized Crime Task Force of the NPA, information concerning international criminal organizations gathered by Prefectural Police is summarized on a centralized basis, advancing cross-departmental analysis activities by installing an information management system $ ^{1} $ to share nationwide data with police across the country. Additionally, through joint investigations with ICPO and other multilateral police groups, and by gathering information from foreign security organizations, more is being done to analyze information on international criminal organizations.

Note 1: A system to collate, analyze and share the information on organized crime held by the information officers of the Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police, in order to implement organized crime countermeasures in a more strategic way.
### 4. Strengthening Efforts for Joint Investigations

International criminal organizations do not act solely within the jurisdictions of Prefectural Police, but work in a widespread and speedy manner to quickly commit crime in a short period of time.

Accordingly, as Prefectural Police proceed with individual investigations involving such organizations, it can be hard to grasp the entire picture of a crime. In order to effectively fight the central groups of international criminal organizations, it is not enough to focus only on clearing cases within one jurisdiction, and investigations must instead be carried out in a strategic manner which takes into account the situation across the country.

The NPA’s Anti-Global Organized Crime Task Force collects data on cases such as secret investigations and other investigations handled by Prefectural Police and coordinates action on comparable points among each case. In order to strike an effective blow against international criminal organizations, coordination is made on the goals of planned actions and instruction is given to Prefectural Police regarding shared and common actions.

From the perspective of working effectively against international criminal organizations and in order to quickly establish a system for joint investigations of such organizations, based on the strategic plan, the NPA has created a system to qualify investigators to participate in international criminal investigations. This system designates members of Prefectural Police with experience and knowledge about international investigations, allowing for the quick mutual dispatch of qualified personnel to Prefectural Police as needed upon the establishment of a headquarters for joint investigations into international criminal organizations. In addition, this system aims to strengthen the cooperative capabilities of the Prefectural Police.
In addition to taking part in activities for coexistence such as judo clubs and projects for creating space for foreign children to gather, the club also actively carries out patrols and other crime prevention activities. Each member of the club aims to do what they can to develop a crime prevention mindset and contribute to regional security.

### b. Operation of Judo Classes for Foreign Children by the Gunma Prefectural Police

Since May 2007, The Ota Police Station and the Oizumi Police Station have been running the Gunma Police International Youth Judo School for foreign children and their guardians who live in the area, with the aim of regional security and children’s health by encouraging international exchange through Judo. In May 2009, in order to confirm the progress of the participating children, both police organizations held joint classes and gave lectures on crime prevention and traffic safety, with the aim of improving each participant’s frame of mind.

## 2 ) Efforts by the Aichi Prefectural Police

### a. The Chiryu Danchi Security Project

In order to increase residential security and prevent crime, the Aichi Prefectural Police is proceeding with the Chiryu Danchi Security Project, an initiative carried out within Chiryu Danchi within the jurisdiction of the Anjo Police Station, an area with many foreign inhabitants.

In addition to linking up with local entities and governments to plan for the resolution of daily issues such as parking violations, in order to prevent difficulties regarding the obtainment of crime information in remote areas and in order that the region does not become a hotbed for international criminal organizations, the project actively conducts patrols and offers classes on crime prevention and traffic safety education.

### b. Lessons to Prevent Drug Use in Foreign Schools

As part of the Chiryu Danchi Security Project, at foreign schools within the jurisdiction of the Anjo Police Station, the Aichi Prefectural Police conducted classes on the prevention of drug abuse to have teachers and students understand the dangers of drugs.

## 3 ) Efforts in Other Prefectures

a. Crime Prevention Patrols by the Foreign Security Group “Taiyo” (Ibaraki Prefecture)

In order to discourage crime and prevent crime-related injuries among the youth within Joso City, an area inhabited by many foreigners of Japanese descent, a security group, “Taiyo,” was formed by such foreign nationals to conduct patrols and spread crime prevention knowledge. The Joso City Police work with the group and participate in cooperative activities such as patrols.

### b. Traffic Safety Classes for Foreign Students (Shizuoka Prefecture)

The Shizuoka Prefectural Police employ female Brazilians of Japanese descent as irregular workers to teach traffic safety to foreigners. Classes are aimed at students of foreign schools around the prefecture.

As there are many students at foreign schools who cannot understand Japanese, traffic safety rules are explained in an easy to understand way in the students' native language, so that they do not become involved in a traffic accident.
### 6. Establishment of a System for Global Cooperation

The NPA is exchanging information with the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO-Interpol) and foreign security organizations through foreign government authorities in order to fight the “globalization of crimes.” In addition, cooperative relations are being strengthened through actions such as participation in international meetings and bilateral conferences.

## (1) International Cooperation through ICPO

ICPO is an international organization established in 1956 and composed of the members of police agencies from around the world. Its headquarters is based in Lyon, France. The organization gathers information on international crime, holds international meetings on crime countermeasures, and issues international warrants. As of 2009, 188 countries and regions are members of ICPO.

ICPO has been working to enlarge its information network in order to facilitate the effective and quick exchange of information among member countries and regions. Since 2002, the organization has been working to create a more operable and efficient communications network $ ^{1} $ to connect member countries and regions. The ICPO operates databases on stolen vehicles, lost or stolen passports, criminal suspects who have crossed national borders, and stolen works of art. Member countries and regions can access and search these databases.

In addition to cooperating with ICPO investigations, the NPA contributes to ICPO activities by participating in many international meetings organized by the ICPO, dispatching personnel to the organization’s headquarters, and providing funding

Note 1: I-24/7 (Interpol’s global police communications system 24/7)

## (2) Cooperation with Foreign Security Organizations to Fight International Crime

1) Cooperation with International Organizations

In October 2009, the ICPO and United Nations held a meeting in Singapore on the effect that conflict has on international security and effective international police action. The Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission participated in the meeting.

## 2 ) Linkages with G8 economies

Security organizations of G8 countries discuss issues that require international cooperation through G8 Justice and Interior Ministers' Meetings and the G8 Roma/Lyon Group. The NPA continuously participates in these meetings, and in addition to actively contributing to discussions, submits the results of domestic security measures in order to play a central role when setting or discussing agenda items. Issues such as international organized crimes have been discussed frequently in G8 Summit Meetings in recent years. At the G8 L'Aquila, Italy Summit in 2009, leaders adopted a G8 Leaders' Declaration: "Responsible Leadership for a Sustainable Future." This declaration recognized the importance of supporting international cooperation in order to effectively fight international criminal organizations.

The chairman of the National Public Safety Commission and U.S. Homeland Security Secretary
### b. The Asia-Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG)

The APG is an international cooperation framework aimed at promoting initiatives against money laundering within non-FATF member economies. As of January 1, 2010, 40 countries and regions belong to this organization. In addition to its work with FATF, the NPA actively participates in the APG. In 2009, the NPA dispatched personnel for discussions on studying the analysis of modus operandi for money laundering/terrorism financing cases.

### c. The Egmont Group

The Egmont Group is an international institution established with the aim of promoting cooperation among the FIUs of each country for information exchanges and the sharing of expert knowledge. As of January 1, 2010, 116 countries and regions belong to this organization. The NPA and NPSC participate in the Group as Japan’s FIU, dispatching personnel to each meeting and supporting cooperation activity with non-member countries.

### 2) Information Exchanges with Foreign FIUs a. The situation of Information Exchanges

In order to discover cross-border money laundering and terrorism financing plots, there is a need for the exchange of security information through close cooperation with foreign FICs. The NPSC and NPA, through participation in the Egmont Group, are strengthening cooperation with foreign FIUs and conducting active information exchange.

Diagram-25 Trends in the Situation of Information Exchanges with Foreign FIUs.

### b. The Creation of Frameworks for Information Exchange

In order to exchange information with foreign FIUs on suspicious trading, the NPSC and NPA are promoting the establishment of set frameworks for the usage of information from foreign FIUs. In 2009, frameworks to facilitate information sharing with three more countries were established.

## Table-6 20 Countries/Regions with which Japan has established a Framework to Share Information among FIUs

Year est.	Partner country/region
2007	Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Belgium, Australia, United States, Singapore, Canada, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Brazil, Philippines
2008	Switzerland, Italy, Portugal, South Korea, Romania
2009	Paraguay, France, Qatar