Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Among the foreign nationals violating the Act against whom deportation procedures were carried out in 2008, the number of those who illegally worked in Japan was 32,471, accounting for 82.5% of the total. Specific details for the cases are given below with respect to each of the grounds for deportation.

## (1) Illegal Entry

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2008, the number of foreign nationals who illegally entered Japan without valid passports or visas was 6,136, a decrease of 1,318 (down 17.7 %) from 2007, which accounts for 15.6 % of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. Looking at the past history, the number was increasing after 2003, however, it turned into a decrease after 2006. As the percentage of illegally entering persons against the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act is decreasing, it is considered that the effects of measures to exclude them at the border have begun to materialize.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (2,020 accounting for 32.9% of the total), followed by the Philippines (1,376 accounting for 22.4%), and Thailand (503 accounting for 8.2%), and no movement is seen in the order of these top three countries. However, the percentage of China is high, which constitutes a significant threat together with its number of cases.

According to statistics by means of transportation, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by airplane in 2008 was 4,462, a decrease of 986 (down 18.1%) from 2007. This accounts for 72.7% of all illegally entering persons, and illegal entry using airplane occupies a high percentage as in the past. Meanwhile, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by ship decreased by 332 (down 16.6%) from 2007 to 1,674 in 2008. (Tables 20, 21 and 22)

Table 20 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	11,217	11,586	10,441	7,454	6,136
China	4,588	4,960	3,999	2,410	2,020
Philippines	1,955	2,074	2,059	1,624	1,376
Thailand	1,219	1,139	988	680	503
R.O. Korea	587	617	767	619	478
Bangladesh	626	646	486	349	263
Peru	331	255	299	243	261
Indonesia	148	172	232	281	260
Iran	425	402	432	382	248
Sri Lanka	119	128	181	151	165
Pakistan	334	300	261	141	82
Others	885	893	737	574	480

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
Table 21 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	7,848	8,065	7,549	5,448	4,462
Philippines	1,825	1,927	1,956	1,519	1,301
China	2,295	2,570	2,088	1,215	942
Thailand	1,165	1,065	934	633	471
Peru	325	255	298	241	261
Indonesia	148	171	232	281	259
Others	2,090	2,077	2,041	1,559	1,228

(*) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 22 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	3,369	3,521	2,892	2,006	1,674
China	2,293	2,390	1,911	1,195	1,078
R.O. Korea	175	229	352	301	254
Bangladesh	352	348	232	194	127
Philippines	130	147	103	105	75
Iran	82	62	63	59	46
Others	337	345	231	152	94

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2008, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 253, a decrease of 89 (down 26.0%) from 2007. This accounted for 0.6% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act, and the proportion has maintained a similar level since 2002. (Table 23)

Table 23 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin)

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Nationality(Place of Origin)	Total	992	690	506	342
China	432	374	231	137	58
Turkey	18	5	45	19	39
Sri Lanka	64	38	33	38	27
Myanmar	77	43	31	16	25
R.O. Korea	40	23	22	15	17
Philippines	54	29	10	26	14
Indonesia	7	4	12	7	11
Thailand	49	32	21	11	9
Russia	56	33	10	15	7
China(Taiwan)	11	8	8	8	4
Others	184	101	83	50	42

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (3) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2008, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay decreased by 4,372 (down 12.3%) from 2007 to 31,045. This accounts for 78.8% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China (8,326 accounting for 26.8%), followed by the Philippines (6,188 accounting for 19.9%), R.O. Korea (4,147 accounting for 13.4%), Indonesia (1,978 accounting for 6.4%), and Viet Nam (1,570 accounting for 5.1%). (Table 24)

Table 24 Changes in the number of cases of overstay by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	41,175	42,254	42,829	35,417	31,045
China	10,197	11,301	11,295	8,811	8,326
Philippines	5,949	6,583	7,879	7,136	6,188
R.O. Korea	6,837	6,959	6,847	5,484	4,147
Indonesia	1,896	1,779	2,074	1,837	1,978
Viet Nam	897	1,021	1,300	1,435	1,570
Thailand	2,267	2,166	2,232	1,728	1,444
Sri Lanka	875	1,028	1,391	1,244	1,216
Peru	917	919	971	792	779
India	584	715	693	557	550
Malaysia	1,509	1,490	1,095	846	503
Others	9,247	8,293	7,052	5,547	4,344

(*) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (4) Activities Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in activities other than those permitted for his/her status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be carried out by reason of engaging in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted. The number of such foreign nationals had decreased by 256 (down 18.2%) from 2007 to 1,153 in 2008. This accounts for 2.9% of the total number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (369 accounting for 32.0% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (275 accounting for 23.9%), and the Philippines (189 accounting for 16.4%), and these three top countries account for 72.2% of the total. (Table 25)
Table 25 Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted classified by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	1,399	1,890	1,736	1,409	1,153
China	304	357	469	395	369
R.O. Korea	294	396	412	380	275
Philippines	541	862	399	297	189
Viet Nam	15	19	32	49	56
Nepal	1	4	18	21	35
Indonesia	48	45	119	23	29
Bangladesh	18	13	13	13	26
India	4	10	4	27	23
Sri Lanka	10	6	14	8	16
Russia	24	17	43	55	15
Others	140	161	213	141	120

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 2 Illegal Workers

## (1) Summary

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2008, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 32,471, accounting for 82.5% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents work illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in the present severe employment climate, and prevent the realization of a fair labor market. Furthermore, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality (Place of Origin)

Illegal workers came from 89 countries (place of origin), mainly neighboring Asian countries, indicating that the trend toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers is continuing.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 9,583, accounting for 29.5% of the total, followed by the Philippines (6,083, accounting for 18.7%), R.O. Korea (4,077, accounting for 12.6%), Indonesia
(2,162, accounting for 6.7%), and Thailand (1,694, accounting for 5.2%). These top five countries represented 72.7% of the total. As a recent trend, the number of Chinese illegal workers has accounted for a large proportion. (Table 26)

Table 26 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality
(Place of Origin)	Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	43,059	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471
Male	25,349	26,232	24,759	20,926	19,270
Female	17,710	19,703	21,170	16,056	13,201
China	12,669	14,239	13,750	10,223	9,583
Male	8,104	8,749	7,614	5,910	5,950
Female	4,565	5,490	6,136	4,313	3,633
Philippines	6,299	7,378	7,978	7,075	6,083
Male	2,263	2,647	2,887	2,815	2,559
Female	4,036	4,731	5,091	4,260	3,524
R.O. Korea	6,192	6,514	6,696	5,315	4,077
Male	2,281	2,274	2,232	1,977	1,555
Female	3,911	4,240	4,464	3,338	2,522
Indonesia	1,897	1,844	2,286	2,034	2,162
Male	1,350	1,297	1,521	1,438	1,568
Female	547	547	765	596	594
Thailand	2,831	2,816	2,650	2,013	1,694
Male	1,179	1,158	1,159	985	903
Female	1,652	1,658	1,491	1,028	791
Viet Nam	732	900	1,189	1,318	1,473
Male	373	490	630	756	887
Female	359	410	559	562	586
Sri Lanka	891	1,024	1,440	1,264	1,278
Male	799	898	1,270	1,117	1,150
Female	92	126	170	147	128
Peru	945	894	927	785	786
Male	615	588	609	518	532
Female	330	306	318	267	254
Bangladesh	1,214	1,405	1,176	907	702
Male	1,166	1,328	1,114	873	670
Female	48	77	62	34	32
India	577	698	668	582	554
Male	568	681	654	574	548
Female	9	17	14	8	6
Others	8,812	8,223	7,169	5,466	4,079
Male	6,651	6,122	5,069	3,963	2,948
Female	2,161	2,101	2,100	1,503	1,131

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken was 19,270 (accounting for 59.3% of the total) and 13,201 (accounting for 40.7% of the total), respectively. The percentage of males is increasing.

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were
factory workers (11,366 accounting for 35.0% of the total), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses (4,452 accounting for 13.7%), and construction workers (3,831 accounting for 11.8%).

According to statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as factory workers, followed by construction workers and other labor workers, while the largest number of females worked as attendants such as bar hostesses, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. (Table 27)

Table 27 Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Job Categories
Total	43,059	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471
Male	25,349	26,232	24,759	20,926	19,270
Female	17,710	19,703	21,170	16,056	13,201
Factory worker	10,440	11,786	12,986	11,572	11,366
Male	7,402	8,447	8,892	7,898	7,670
Female	3,038	3,339	4,094	3,674	3,696
Attendants such as bar hostess	6,597	7,319	7,701	5,809	4,452
Male	229	258	356	400	429
Female	6,368	7,061	7,345	5,409	4,023
Construction worker	6,228	6,378	5,425	4,458	3,831
Male	6,185	6,331	5,378	4,401	3,792
Female	43	47	47	57	39
Other labor worker	2,636	2,858	3,307	2,792	3,092
Male	2,185	2,264	2,502	2,190	2,342
Female	451	594	805	602	750
Waitress and bartender	3,471	4,091	4,008	3,073	2,149
Male	1,401	1,518	1,336	1,190	807
Female	2,070	2,573	2,672	1,883	1,342
Other service worker	2,702	2,841	2,815	1,953	1,483
Male	1,032	1,017	1,026	739	598
Female	1,670	1,824	1,789	1,214	885
Others	10,985	10,662	9,687	7,325	6,098
Male	6,915	6,397	5,269	4,108	3,632
Female	4,070	4,265	4,418	3,217	2,466

## (5) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

According to statistics by place of work (by prefecture), the largest number is found in Tokyo Metropolis (5,862 accounting for 18.1% of the total), followed by Aichi Prefecture (4,801 accounting for 14.8%), Kanagawa Prefecture (4,497 accounting for 13.8%), Chiba Prefecture (2,824 accounting for 8.7%) and Saitama Prefecture (2,784 accounting for 8.6%), which shows that illegal foreign workers are concentrated in the Tokyo Metropolitan District concentrating in the Pacific coast area from Kanto to Kinki districts. Thus, one metropolis and six prefectures (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma and Tochigi) account for 66.2% of the total number of illegal foreign workers. On the other hand, the existence of illegal foreign workers is recognized in all 47 prefectures of the entire nation as shown by the fact that the central district, consisting of Aichi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture and others, account for 23.0% of the total number of illegal foreign workers, and it is known that the degree of dispersion in local districts is higher. (Table 28)
Table 28 Changes in the use of illegal foreign workers by place of work

(People)

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Prefecture	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	43,059	45,935	45,929	36,982	32,471
Tokyo	16,572	16,612	14,447	8,940	5,862
Aichi	3,229	3,415	4,597	4,724	4,801
Kanagawa	3,625	4,452	4,673	4,499	4,497
Chiba	3,220	3,555	3,773	3,021	2,824
Saitama	3,805	4,101	3,762	3,183	2,784
Ibaraki	1,775	2,007	2,198	2,243	2,465
Gunma	1,370	1,919	2,359	1,961	1,980
Osaka	1,686	1,632	1,677	1,548	1,439
Tochigi	837	1,222	1,345	1,103	1,097
Shizuoka	1,251	1,167	1,255	1,243	1,092
Others	5,689	5,853	5,843	4,517	3,630

## 3 Outline of Judgments of Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Findings of Cases of Violation

Under the deportation procedures, after an immigration control officer conducts an investigation of the violation by a foreign national, an immigration inspector examines whether the foreign national (suspect) should be deported.

Looking at changes in the number of such examinations of violations, the number was smaller than the previous year for three consecutive years from 2006, but is still at a high level as in the past, and the number was 43,073 in 2008. (Table 29)

Table 29 Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of viloation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

(Cases)

Division	Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Division by immigration inspector	Received	Receipt	56,018 (596)	57,569 (286)	57,017 (488)	48,647 (2,918)	43,073 (3,274)
Finished	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	4	7	3	3	4
Issuance of written departure order	40,771	32,284	31,393	26,215	22,179
Request for hearing	13,969	12,446	11,471	9,205	10,639
Issuance of written departure order	918	12,227	11,100	9,691	8,477
Not finished, others	356	605	3,050	3,533	1,774
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Received	14,869 (866)	13,002 (518)	12,221 (711)	10,101 (846)	11,247 (562)
Finished	Error in the findings	-	-	-	-	2
Issuance of written deportation order	113	137	126	134	166
Filing an objection	14,191	12,056	11,196	9,361	10,515
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	565	809	899	606	564
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Received	14,897 (703)	12,533 (461)	11,757 (552)	10,037 (639)	11,280 (682)
Finished	Objection with reason	-	-	3	6	3
Objection without reason	14,412	11,922	11,018	9,245	10,593
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	485	611	736	786	684
Request for hearing	Request for hearing	24.9	21.6	20.1	18.9	24.7
Receipt of violation examination (%)

(*) The numbers indicated in ( ) are carry-over cases from a previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.

The number of requests for hearings conducted after examination of violations in 2008 was
10,639 accounting for 24.7%. The number and percentage are both increasing, and remain at a high level. This increase was probably caused by a rise in the number of foreign nationals who hope to stay in Japan on the basis of relationships such as marriage or cohabitation with Japanese nationals. Another contributory factor was the widespread recognition that special permission to stay can be obtained with consideration for humanitarian reasons such as reunion or illness of family members. (Chart 18)

Chart 18 Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing

For the same reason, the number of objections, which a foreign national unsatisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing may file with the Minister of Justice, was 10,515 cases in 2008 (exceeding 10,000), and also continue to remain at a high level. (Table 29)

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2008 was 24,442. If the violators of the Immigration Control Act are classified by grounds for their deportation, cases of overstay numbered 16,966 and although the number of these cases has tended to decrease, the percentage they represent in total showed a slight increase of 69.4%. On the other hand, the percentage of cases of illegal entry decreased to 21.0% in 2008. This decrease is considered to be attributable mainly to a decrease in the use of illegal passports in applications for landing, since landing examinations using personal identification information have been conducted. (Table 30)

Table 30 Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Grounds for Deportation	Total	42,074	33,520	33,202	28,225
Overstay	29,802	20,764	22,136	19,403	16,966
Illegal entry	9,296	9,427	7,880	6,188	5,125
Illegal landing	873	635	443	334	241
Activity other than those permitted	1,380	1,874	1,726	1,367	1,137
Criminal offenses etc.	617	701	831	738	805
Others	106	119	186	195	168
According to statistics by nationality (place of origin) in 2008, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (6,920 accounting for 28.3%), followed by the Philippines 4,188 accounting for 17.1%, and North and South Korea (2,879 accounting for 11.8%). (Chart 19)

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2008, the number of foreign nationals detained under written detention orders who were accorded provisional release decreased by 1,965, reaching 1,918.

On the other hand, the number of foreign nationals detained under written deportation orders who were accorded provisional release decreased by 119, reaching 819. (Table 31)

Table 31 Changes in the number of cases of provisional release permission

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Kind of Order
By written detention order	1,180	1,457	3,658	3,883	1,918
By written deportation order	382	769	671	938	819

## (4) Special Permission to Stay

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay from the Minister of Justice was 8,522 in 2008, an increase from 2007, and continues to maintain a high level. Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay had established close relationships such as marriage with Japanese nationals and had, in fact, settled down in Japan in many respects.
Further, as specific cases, the Ministry of Justice publicly announces on its website, in each year after 2004, cases where special permission to stay was granted, and also publicly announces where the special permission to stay was not granted after 2006.

Among the number of the special permission to stay by reasons of deportation, the largest number in 2008 was overstay (6,521). The percentage of overstay was on a decreasing trend, however, it slightly increased to 76.5% in 2008. On the other hand, the percentage of illegal entry and illegal landing decreased in two consecutive years in 2008 (19.2%) as a result of landing examination using information for personal identification. (Table 32)

Table 32 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by grounds for deportation

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Grounds for Deportation	Total	13,239	10,834	9,360	7,388
Overstay	10,697	8,483	7,096	5,586	6,521
Illegal entry/Illegal landing	2,188	2,077	1,915	1,457	1,640
Criminal offenses etc.	354	274	349	345	361

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin) in 2008, the largest number of foreign nationals who were granted special permission to stay came from China (1,669 accounting for 19.6%), followed by North and South Korea (1,416 accounting for 16.6%). (Table 33)

Table 33 Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by nationality (place of origin)

(Cases)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total	13,239	10,834	9,360	7,388	8,522
China	2,212	2,211	1,827	1,304	1,669
Korea	2,057	1,807	1,523	1,106	1,416
Others	8,970	6,816	6,010	4,978	5,437

(*) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 4 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of foreign nationals deported decreased by 3,982 (down 14.3%) from 2007 to 23,931 in 2008.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (6,805 accounting for 28.4% of the total), followed by the Philippines (4,385 accounting for 18.3%), R.O. Korea (2,873 accounting for 12.0%), Indonesia (1,596 accounting for 6.7%), and Thailand (1,260 accounting for 5.3%). (Table 34)

Deportation