Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
practical experience in developing countries, while an Associate Specialist system has also been established in aiming to cultivate youth that possess a certain degree of expertise despite having little experience. In October 2008, the JICA Research Institute was established, where empirical and policy research is promoted based on the internationally-prevailing methodology while keeping in mind the message to the governments of developing countries and the international assistance community.

The Institute of Developing Economies of the Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO) conducts research on the politics, economies, and societies of developing nations together with mainly researchers, including specialists from Japanese and overseas universities as well as other research institutes. Furthermore, the Institute of Developing Economies Advanced School (IDEAS) of JETRO was established for Japanese and foreigners to provide training aimed at developing highly-skilled development experts, so as to contribute to the economic and social development of developing countries.

## (3) Development Education

Development education and issues faced by developing countries are taught as part of the learning objectives for the Period for Integrated Study, a course implemented nationwide at schools of all three levels of elementary, junior high, and senior high school. In order to promote development education, MOFA has a variety of proactive efforts in place. For instance, it launched a webpage to promote development education in compulsory education at elementary and junior high schools, “Tanken Shiyo! Minna no Chikyu (Let’s Explore Our Planet)” on its own website, while video and other materials are often provided on the Plaza for International Cooperation.

## (4) Information Disclosure and Transmission

As the financial resource for ODA is taxpayers' money, Japan is working to ensure transparency and to disclose and transmit information.

website. Since FY2003, the Global Education Contest (Note 39) has also been held, whereupon teaching materials for development education are gathered.

JICA, too, has conducted efforts. For example, in response to the requests of local governments that promote regional internationalization and from schools themselves, former JOCVs are sent to schools to deliver lectures on international cooperation, and essay contests and so on are held targeting junior and senior high school students across the country. The Practical Development Education Seminar is also being implemented.
# 3. Matters Essential to Effective Implementation

## (1) Enhancement of Evaluation

In order to implement ODA more effectively and efficiently, it is important to get accurate knowledge and improve the aid implementation process and its effects. To this end, the relevant ministries and agencies including MOFA as well as implementing agencies such as JICA conduct monitoring and evaluation.

ODA evaluation is positioned in the framework of the PDCA Cycle (Plan Do Check Act). The lessons and advice received from the evaluation results are conveyed to the departments in charge and the governments of aid-receiving countries, so as to be reflected (provide feedback for) the process of formulating and implementing ODA policy. In addition, it is necessary to explain to citizens how ODA is used and what effects were achieved. Thus, the government posts ODA evaluations on the Internet in order to fulfill its accountability to the public.

Currently, evaluations conducted by MOFA focus particularly on policy-level evaluations (country policy evaluations and priority issue evaluations), while program-level evaluations (aid scheme evaluations) and project-level evaluations are performed by JICA.

In regards to MOfA’s policy-level evaluations and program-level evaluations, evaluations are conducted from the perspectives of the relevance of the policy, the effectiveness of the results, and the appropriateness of the process. To guarantee the objectivity and transparency of the evaluations, third-party evaluations are carried out. Since FY2004 the conduct of evaluations had been commissioned to the Advisory Meeting on ODA Evaluation, but as of FY2009 this meeting has been temporarily suspended in order to examine more effective modalities for ODA evaluations.

Regarding the project-level evaluations and theme evaluations performed by JICA, on the other hand, evaluations of the three aid schemes of loan aid, technical cooperation, and grant aid (which were added beginning in FY2009) have been carried out in the wake of the launch of the new JICA in October 2008. Hereafter, consistent evaluations will be conducted spanning from the preliminary stage of each project through to the implementation and ex-post stages, and a consistent evaluation mechanism is being set in place for the three aid schemes. These evaluations are conducted from the perspectives of relevance, effectiveness (impact), efficiency, and sustainability, with external evaluations conducted for the ex-post evaluations.

Aside from these, MOFA also conducts policy evaluations concerning economic cooperation policies in general, pre-evaluations on projects that exceed a certain amount of money, and ex-post evaluations on projects that have not begun after five years and those that have not concluded after ten years (Note 43). These are carried out pursuant to the Government Policy Evaluations Act (hereinafter referred to as the Policy Evaluations Act).

Respective follow-ups are performed for both the advice and lessons obtained from these evaluations, and these are reflected in the planning and implementation of new projects.

>> See Part 1, Chapter 2 regarding reviews of ODA evaluations.
## Section 1 FY2010 ODA Budget (Original Budget)

## Chart IV-1 ODA Budget

(Units: ¥100 million, %)

Category	FY2009	FY2010
Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year	Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year
General account budget	6,722	▲ 280	▲ 4.0	6,187	▲ 534	▲ 7.9
Project budget (net)	10,764	1,414	15.1	11,676	912	8.5
Scale of projects (gross)	17,047	1,933	12.8	17,667	620	3.6
Yen exchange rate against $	¥103	—	—	¥94	—	—

$ ^{*} $ Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 1 Figures are index numbers with FY1997 set to 100.

$ ^{*} $ 2 Numbers in parentheses are budget amounts (¥100 million).
(Units: ¥100 million, %)

Category	FY2009	FY2010
Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year	Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year
General expenditures	517,310	44,465	9.4	534,542	17,233	3.3
Allocation	ODA	6,722	▲280	▲4.0	6,187	▲534	▲7.9
Social security	248,344	30,515	14.0	272,686	24,342	9.8
Education and science	53,104	▲15	▲0.0	55,860	2,756	5.2
Defense	47,741	▲55	▲0.1	47,903	162	0.3
Public works	70,701	3,349	5.0	57,731	▲12,970	▲18.3
Others	368,170	10,402	2.9	388,450	20,279	5.5
Total	885,480	54,867	6.6	922,992	37,512	4.2

$ ^{*} $ Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

Chart IV-4 ODA General Account Budget (for the 10 Ministries and 2 Agencies)

(Units: ¥100 million, %)

Category	FY2009	FY2010
Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year	Budget amount	Amount change from previous year	Percentage change from previous year
I Grants	5,449	▲58	▲1.1	5,143	▲305	▲5.6
1. Bilateral grants	4,607	▲67	▲1.4	4,254	▲353	▲7.7
(1) Economic development assistance, and others.	1,608	20	1.3	1,542	▲67	▲4.2
(2) Technical Cooperation	2,904	▲23	▲0.8	2,697	▲208	▲7.2
(3) Transfer to Trade Reinsurance Special Account	24	0	0.6	16	▲8	▲33.3
(4) Budget for JICA (Loan Aid Section)	70	▲65	▲48.1	0	▲70	▲100.0
2. Contributions to multilateral institutions	842	9	1.1	889	47	5.6
(1) International organizations including the UN, etc.	585	▲10	▲1.7	611	26	4.5
(2) MDBs	257	19	8.1	279	21	8.3
II Loans	1,273	▲222	▲14.8	1,044	▲229	▲18.0
JICA (Loan Aid Section)	1,273	▲222	▲14.8	1,044	▲229	▲18.0
III Total	6,722	▲280	▲4.0	6,187	▲534	▲7.9

$ ^{*} $ Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.
## Budgetary Financing Sources for the ODA Project Budget and Expenditure by Type of Assistance

FY2009 project budget Gross ¥1.7047 trillion (12.8% increase)

FY2010 project budget Gross ¥1.7667 trillion (3.6% increase)

Expenditure by type of assistance

Expenditure by type of assistance

Grant aid
¥160.8 billion
(1.3% increase)	General account
¥672.2 billion
(4.0% decrease)	MOFA
¥436.3 billion
(1.0% decrease)	General account
¥618.7 billion
(7.9% decrease)	MOFA
¥413.4 billion
(5.3% decrease)	Grant aid
¥154.2 billion
(4.2% decrease)
Technical cooperation
¥344.0 billion
(5.7% increase)	Total for 11
ODA-related
ministries and
agencies
¥235.8 billion
(9.1% decrease)	Total for 11
ODA-related
ministries and
agencies
¥205.4 billion
(12.9% decrease)	Technical cooperation
¥325.8 billion
(5.3% decrease)
Others
¥9.4 billion (40.8% decrease)	Others
¥1.6 billion (83.0% decrease)
UN and other International
Organizations (contributions)
¥58.7 billion (1.9% decrease)	UN and other International
Organizations (contributions)
¥62.1 billion (5.8% increase)
MDBs (contributions)
¥301.7 billion
(77.3% increase)	Special account
¥17.4 billion
(34.5% increase)	Special account
¥18.3 billion
(5.6% increase)	MDBs (contributions)
¥321.2 billion
(6.4% increase)
Loan aid, etc.
¥829.9 billion
(6.2% increase)	Issuance of
government bonds
¥276.0 billion
(88.5% increase)	Issuance of
government bonds
¥293.3 billion
(6.3% increase)
Fiscal loan and investment,
etc.
¥739.2 billion
(13.4% increase)	Fiscal loan and investment,
etc.
¥836.3 billion
(13.1% increase)	Loan aid, etc.
¥901.8 billion
(8.7% increase)
Net
Recoveries	¥1.0764 trillion (15.1% increase)
¥628.3 billion

* Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.
# Chapter 2 Japan's ODA Disbursements

## Section 1 Flows to Developing Countries

## Chart IV-11 Flows from Japan to Developing Countries

Item	Calendar year	2008	2009	Percentage increase from the previous year
ODA	Bilateral	Grants	7,839	5,406	-31.0
Grant aid	4,781	2,212	-53.7
Technical cooperation	3,058	3,195	4.5
Loan aid	-900	675	—
Total	6,939	6,081	-12.4
Contributions to multilateral institutions	2,781	3,472	24.8
(ODA) Total	9,720	9,553	-1.7
(% of GNI)	(0.19)	(0.18)	—
Other Official Flows (OOF)	Official credits (over one year)	-548	-654	—
Direct investment finances	-273	10,502	—
Concessional lending to multilateral institutions	594	1,554	161.4
(OOF) Total	-226	11,402	—
Private flows (PF)	Export credits (over one year)	-5,644	-7,510	—
Direct investment	54,164	39,000	-28.0
Other bilateral securities investments	3,156	4,016	27.2
Concessional loans to multilateral agencies	-1,065	1,987	—
(PF) Total	50,611	37,493	-25.9
Grants by private voluntary agencies	452	533	18.1
Total resource flows (% of GNI)	60,556	58,981	-2.6
(1.20)	(1.13)	(1.13)	—
Gross National Income (GNI) (US$100 million)	50,421	52,231	3.6

*1 The 2008 exchange rate: US$1 = ¥103.5; the 2009 exchange rate: US$1 = ¥93.4 (both exchange rates designated by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC)).

$ ^{*} $ 2 Numbers may not add up to the total due to rounding.

$ ^{*} $ 3 Including assistance to Eastern Europe and graduated countries.

Technical cooperation disbursements excluding administrative costs, NGO projects subsidies and promotion of development awareness, etc., are as follows:

(Excluding disbursements for Eastern Europe and graduated countries, DAC report basis, units: US$ million, %)

Calendar year Item	2008	2009	Percentage increase from the previous year
Grants	7,763.6	5,327.3	-31.4
Technical cooperation	1,950.1	2,299.8	17.9
## Section 2 Bilateral ODA by Income Groups

## Chart IV-12 Bilateral ODA Disbursement by Income Groups (Breakdown by DAC Classification)

(Net disbursement basis, units: US$ million, %)

Calendar year	2008	2009	Number of recipient countries of Japanese ODA (2009)
LDCs	1,418.2	(20.8)	1,730.4	(28.8)	49
LICs	761.0	(11.2)	1,533.2	(25.5)	11
LMICs	1,885.3	(27.6)	621.6	(10.4)	46
UMICs	565.4	(8.3)	395.2	(6.6)	35
HICs	1.2	(0.0)	1.8	(0.0)	4
Unclassifiable	2,192.1	(32.1)	1,719.1	(28.6)
Total	6,823.2	(100.0)	6,001.2	(100.0)

(Excluding disbursements for Eastern Europe and graduated countries)

$ ^{*1} $ Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are those countries designated by resolution of the UN General Assembly, after deliberation by the UN Economic and Social Council based on criteria (see chart below) recommended by the UN Committee for Development Policy (CDP). LDC designation requires consent from the country concerned.

Population	Average per capita GNI from 2000-2002	HAI $ ^{(1)} $	EVI $ ^{(2)} $
Greater than or equal to 75,000,000	Less than or equal to US745	Less than 58	More than 42

$ ^{*} $ 1) The Human Asset Index (HAI) is an index established by the CDP to measure the level of development of human capital, and reflects ① average calorie intake per capita as a percentage of the minimum requirement, ② the mortality rate for children aged five years or under, and ③ educational standard (adult literacy rate, gross secondary school enrolment ratio).

(*2) The Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) is an index established by the CDP to measure economic vulnerability, and reflects ① export concentration, ② instability of export earnings, ③ instability of agricultural production, ④ share of manufacturing and modern services in the country's gross domestic product (GDP), ⑤ population size, and ⑥ the population ratio affected by natural disasters.

*2 Low Income Countries (LICs) are countries or regions whose GNI per capita is less than or equal to US$935 in 2007 (from the World Bank Atlas Database). For disbursements in 2009, there were 11 such countries and regions.

*3 Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) are countries or regions whose GNI per capita is more than or equal to US$936 but less than or equal to US$3,705 in 2007 (from the World Bank Atlas Database). For disbursements in 2009, there were 46 such countries and regions.

*4 Upper Middle Income Countries (UMICs) are countries or regions whose GNI per capita is more than or equal to US$3,706, but less than or equal to US$11,455 in 2007 (from the World Bank Atlas Database). For disbursements in 2009, 35 such countries and regions in this category.

*5 High Income Countries (HICs) are countries or regions whose GNI per capita is more than or equal to US$11,456 in 2007 (from the World Bank Atlas Database). For disbursements in 2009, there were 4 such countries and regions.

Source: World Bank Atlas, 2010 DAC Development co-operation Report
## Section 3 Disbursements by Country

## Chart IV-14 Breakdown of Bilateral ODA by Country and Type

(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ million)

Type	Japan's ODA (2009)
Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Country or Region	Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount received
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
Asia	596.90	119.56	961.54	1,558.44	6,240.46	5,580.86	659.60	2,218.05
East Asia	279.18	36.56	780.43	1,059.60	4,458.78	4,384.55	74.23	1,133.83
Northeast Asia	48.59	6.36	365.42	414.01	940.80	1,122.69	-181.89	232.12
Republic of Korea (ROK) *	64.19	64.19	48.99	-48.99	15.21
China	14.02	0.35	283.03	297.05	902.91	1,058.00	-155.09	141.96
[Hong Kong] *	0.28	0.28	0.28
[Macao] *
Mongolia	34.57	6.01	17.92	52.49	37.89	15.70	22.19	74.68
Southeast Asia	230.39	30.00	406.97	637.36	3,517.97	3,261.85	256.12	893.48
(ASEAN)	225.32	30.00	400.16	625.48	3,517.97	3,261.85	256.12	881.60
Indonesia	27.26	0.68	88.14	115.41	1,300.49	1,928.69	-628.20	-512.79
Cambodia	59.40	0.06	48.14	107.54	20.94	0.99	19.94	127.49
Singapore *	1.61	1.61	1.61
Thailand	3.71	1.28	48.30	52.01	63.31	265.64	-202.33	-150.31
Timor-Leste	5.07	6.81	11.88	11.88
Philippines	40.72	14.26	48.81	89.53	595.13	693.02	-97.89	-8.36
Brunei *	0.19	0.19	0.19
Viet Nam	22.82	86.24	109.07	1,305.05	222.76	1,082.29	1,191.36
Malaysia	5.00	25.03	30.03	210.48	148.73	61.75	91.78
Myanmar	24.50	13.71	23.77	48.28	48.28
Laos	41.90	29.91	71.81	22.59	2.04	20.55	92.36
ODA for multiple countries in East Asia	0.20	0.20	8.04	8.24	8.24
South Asia	246.41	58.20	130.68	377.09	1,595.94	1,129.85	466.08	843.18
India	4.50	2.19	27.97	32.47	1,191.72	707.18	484.54	517.01
Sri Lanka	31.94	5.94	23.46	55.4	295.76	259.53	36.23	91.62
Nepal	34.37	1.93	20.46	54.82	0.10	9.64	-9.55	45.28
Pakistan	116.15	38.40	15.62	131.77	38.68	39.02	-0.34	131.43
Bangladesh	36.96	9.74	31.25	68.21	60.36	114.48	-54.12	14.09
Bhutan	12.63	7.71	20.33	3.59	3.59	23.92
Maldives	9.87	2.38	12.25	5.73	5.73	17.99
ODA for multiple countries in South Asia	1.84	1.84	1.84
Central Asia and the Caucasus	55.09	8.58	38.17	93.26	185.75	66.44	119.31	212.56
Azerbaijan	7.82	0.58	8.40	0.04	10.48	-10.43	-2.03
Armenia	1.30	1.64	2.94	98.53	2.76	95.76	98.70
Uzbekistan	3.34	11.66	14.99	26.93	21.51	5.41	20.41
Kazakhstan	0.57	4.94	5.51	57.87	26.25	31.62	37.13
Kyrgyz Republic	5.54	10.14	15.68	2.39	0.32	2.07	17.75
Georgia	14.06	0.55	1.03	15.09	2.78	-2.78	12.31
Tajikistan	22.45	8.03	3.79	26.24	26.24
Turkmenistan	1.15	1.15	2.34	-2.34	-1.19
(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ million)

Type	Japan's ODA (2009)
Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total
Country or Region	Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount received	Total
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
ODA for multiple countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus	3.24	3.24	3.24
ODA for multiple countries in Asia	16.22	16.22	12.27	28.49	0.01	-0.01	28.47
Middle East	315.92	158.59	139.73	455.65	729.42	684.40	45.02	500.67
Afghanistan	141.65	114.45	28.90	170.54	170.54
United Arab Emirates *	0.06	0.06	0.06
Algeria	1.39	1.39	0.47	0.47	1.86
Yemen	33.92	5.98	5.06	38.98	1.77	-1.77	37.21
Israel *	0.36	0.05	0.21	0.57	0.57
Iraq	3.11	0.05	8.22	11.33	16.79	16.79	28.12
Iran	2.79	2.66	6.37	9.15	26.56	-26.56	-17.41
Egypt	23.55	22.75	46.30	107.42	172.53	-65.11	-18.81
Oman	0.70	0.70	0.70
Qatar *	0.02	0.02	0.02
Kuwait *	0.09	0.09	0.09
Saudi Arabia *	4.57	4.57	4.57
Syria	10.28	4.16	12.23	22.50	76.96	-76.96	-54.45
Tunisia	0.19	5.97	6.15	76.41	68.15	8.26	14.41
Turkey	1.80	8.29	10.10	388.24	187.59	200.65	210.75
Bahrain *	0.05	0.05	0.05
[Palestinian Authority]	62.61	31.17	14.08	76.69	76.69
Morocco	4.77	8.12	12.88	125.79	40.75	85.05	97.93
Jordan	30.29	10.84	41.13	4.05	102.56	-98.51	-57.37
Libya	0.08	0.08	0.08
Lebanon	0.54	0.21	0.75	10.24	7.54	2.71	3.46
ODA for multiple countries in the Middle East	0.06	0.06	1.51	1.58	1.58
Africa	1,012.13	349.65	331.11	1,343.24	212.78	152.79	59.98	1,403.22
(943.79)	(349.65)	(331.11)	(1,274.90)	(212.78)	(87.32)	125.46	1,400.37
Angola	3.37	1.00	3.39	6.76	6.76
Uganda	23.16	11.75	24.24	47.40	6.64	6.64	54.05
Ethiopia	80.79	34.34	16.98	97.76	97.76
Eritrea	7.22	1.50	1.56	8.78	8.78
Ghana	44.93	0.45	19.87	64.80	64.80
Cape Verde	14.63	1.75	16.38	1.49	1.49	17.87
Gabon	0.13	4.85	4.97	4.89	-4.89	0.08
Cameroon	4.30	0.53	3.81	8.11	8.11
Gambia	10.48	0.91	11.39	11.39
Guinea	16.35	2.02	1.85	18.20	18.20
Guinea-Bissau	8.69	4.21	0.74	9.43	9.43
Kenya	59.53	24.85	24.81	84.34	22.31	72.99	-50.68	33.66
Côte d'Ivoire	9.38	3.00	1.01	10.39	10.39
Comoros	5.11	0.20	5.30	5.30
Republic of the Congo	0.38	0.38	0.38
Democratic Republic of the Congo	52.62	35.77	13.08	65.70	65.70
(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ million)

Type	Japan's ODA (2009)
Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Country or Region	Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount received
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
São Tomé and Príncipe	0.21	0.21	0.42	0.42
Zambia	16.21	3.11	20.43	36.64	36.64
Sierra Leone	31.95	6.15	5.50	37.44	37.44
Djibouti	26.52	2.14	2.30	28.82	28.82
Zimbabwe	11.24	10.68	1.14	12.38	12.38
Sudan	125.09	81.87	13.57	138.65	27.63	-27.63	111.03
(95.20)	(81.87)	(13.57)	(108.77)	108.77
Swaziland	0.19	0.99	1.19	1.19
Seychelles	7.79	1.28	9.06	9.06
Senegal	25.32	17.58	42.91	3.83	3.83	46.74
Somalia	22.60	22.60	0.04	22.64	22.64
Tanzania	48.68	4.11	23.22	71.91	48.56	48.56	120.46
Chad	13.85	13.85	0.13	13.98	13.98
Togo	20.96	4.90	0.24	21.21	14.85	1.96	12.89	34.09
(18.81)	(4.90)	(0.24)	(19.05)	(14.85)	14.85	33.90
Nigeria	24.56	8.81	4.33	28.88	28.88
Namibia	0.14	3.54	3.68	36.14	36.14	39.82
Niger	23.91	4.00	11.15	35.06	35.06
Burkina Faso	37.84	1.00	11.93	49.77	49.77
Burundi	52.36	9.21	3.95	56.31	35.89	-35.89	20.42
(16.07)	(9.21)	(3.95)	(20.02)	20.02
Benin	19.34	2.00	6.51	25.84	25.84
Botswana	0.22	1.99	2.22	4.83	-4.83	-2.61
Mali	32.80	2.71	35.51	35.51
Madagascar	7.39	1.00	11.90	19.29	0.26	-0.26	19.03
Malawi	18.98	6.00	16.82	35.80	35.80
Mauritius	0.21	1.06	1.27	3.34	-3.34	-2.07
Mauritania	6.70	3.00	2.92	9.63	9.63
Mozambique	50.19	8.26	10.49	60.67	60.67
Liberia	11.06	6.90	3.66	14.71	14.71
Rwanda	12.70	9.17	8.64	21.34	21.34
Lesotho	2.33	2.03	0.24	2.56	2.56
Equatorial Guinea	0.10	0.10	0.10
Central African Republic	4.70	4.50	0.16	4.87	1.21	1.21	6.08
South Africa	0.43	5.24	5.68	1.01	-1.01	4.67
ODA for multiple countries in Africa	14.94	14.94	17.74	32.67	77.75	77.75	110.42
Latin America	124.37	14.33	213.51	337.87	394.83	590.12	-195.29	142.58
Argentina	0.03	11.52	11.55	2.55	-2.55	9.00
Antigua and Barbuda	0.97	0.97	0.97
Uruguay	0.81	3.69	4.50	2.07	-2.07	2.43
Ecuador	5.44	9.31	14.75	26.51	-26.51	-11.76
El Salvador	4.07	10.21	14.28	2.89	20.99	-18.10	-3.82
Guyana	3.99	0.23	0.65	4.64	4.64
Cuba	0.85	2.77	3.63	3.63
Guatemala	1.19	10.01	11.2	23.01	8.24	14.77	25.97
(Net disbursement basis, unit: US$ million)

Type	Japan's ODA (2009)
Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount received
Country or Region	Grants provided through multilateral institutions
Europe	11.74	0.39	23.04	34.78	165.43	43.75	121.68	156.46
Albania	0.13	1.50	1.63	3.64	-3.64	-2.01
Ukraine	2.81	1.90	4.71	57.14	57.14	61.85
Estonia *	0.06	0.06	0.06
Cyprus *	0.01	0.01	0.01
Belarus	0.47	0.11	0.57	0.57
Malta *	0.01	0.01	0.01
Moldova	2.43	0.64	3.07	3.07
Latvia *	0.08	0.08	0.08
Lithuania *	0.22	0.22	0.22
(Former Yugoslavia)	3.54	0.34	12.84	16.38	21.30	2.76	18.54	34.91
Croatia	0.38	0.28	0.66	1.32	-1.32	-0.66
Kosovo	0.15	0.15	0.15
Slovenia *	0.08	0.08	0.08
Serbia	1.14	0.34	2.60	3.74	3.74
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.84	4.54	6.39	1.44	-1.44	4.95
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	0.09	2.76	2.85	21.30	21.30	24.15
Montenegro	0.08	2.42	2.50	2.50
ODA for multiple countries of what was formerly Yugoslavia	1.07	1.07	1.07
ODA for multiple countries in Europe	1.07	1.07	1.07
Eastern Europe (6 countries) *	2.37	0.05	4.60	6.97	86.99	37.35	49.64	56.61
Slovakia *	0.10	0.10	6.34	-6.34	-6.24
Czech Republic *	0.31	0.31	0.31
Hungary *	1.36	1.36	1.36
Bulgaria *	2.31	0.76	3.07	40.60	8.97	31.63	34.70
Poland *	0.74	0.74	12.38	-12.38	-11.64
Romania *	0.01	1.12	1.13	46.38	9.66	36.73	37.85
ODA for multiple countries in Eastern Europe *	0.05	0.05	0.21	0.26	0.26
Multiple regions Aid, etc.	68.59	0.98	1,479.53	1,548.12	1,548.12
Bilateral ODA total	2,211.70	660.59	3,194.75	5,406.45	7,744.40	7,069.86	674.55	6,081.00
(2,143.36)	660.59	3,194.75	(5,338.12)	7,744.40	(7,004.38)	(740.03)	(6,078.14)

$ ^{*} $ 1 Figures for Grant aid include those provided through multilateral institutions that can be classified by country.

$ ^{*} $ 2 $ * $ = graduated countries and regions.

$ ^{*} $ 3 Aid to multiple countries for technical cooperation includes the dispatch of survey teams to more than one region, subsidies for foreign student support organizations, administrative costs, the promotion of development awareness costs, etc.

$ ^{*} $ 4 Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 5 Country names are general names derived from MOFA's list of countries.

$ ^{*} $ 6 Region classifications are determined by MOFA. Brackets indicate names of regions.

$ ^{*7} $ The former Yugoslavia includes Croatia, Kosovo, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro.

$ ^{*} $ 8 Figures in parenthesis do not include debt cancellation of yen loans and debt reduction of insured commercial claims.

*9 Grants provided through multilateral institutions have conventionally been reported as “Contributions and subscriptions to multilateral institutions, etc.” However, since 2006, expenditures clearly addressing a country at the point of disbursement are considered as bilateral ODA and therefore newly reported as “Grant aid.”

*10 The disbursement to Kosovo is now being reported independently (In 2008 and previous years, Kosovo's disbursements were included in the disbursement to Serbia).