Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
spreading out to more remote regions and a decrease in the number of illegal workers in one place (smaller groups). However, the Immigration Bureau has been making efforts to realize efficient and effective deportation procedures since 2004, which marked the first year of the five-year plan to halve the number of illegal foreign residents. For example, the bureau further strengthened cooperating with other related agencies and strongly promoted detection activities. As a result, the number of deportees significantly increased, exceeding 55,000 for three consecutive years.

According to the statistics of the number of foreign nationals by grounds for deportation in 2006, the largest number of foreign nationals were deported for overstaying (42,829 accounting for 75.9%), followed by illegal entry (10,441 accounting for 18.5%), and then activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted (1,736 accounting for 3.1%). Overstayers continued to occupy a predominant percentage.

Among the foreign nationals violating the Act against whom deportation procedures were carried out in 2006, the number of those who illegally worked in Japan was 45,929, accounting for 81.4% of the total. ( Table 16 )

According to the statistics of the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act

Table 16: Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration

Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	41,935	45,910	55,351	57,172	56,410
Illegal entry	8,388	9,251	11,217	11,586	10,441
Illegal landing	789	777	992	690	506
Activity other than those permitted	850	1,199	1,399	1,890	1,736
Overstay	31,520	34,266	41,175	42,254	42,829
Criminal offenses etc.	388	417	568	752	898

Illegal work	32,364	34,325	43,059	45,935	45,929

Table 17 : Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	41,935	45,910	55,351	57,172	56,410
China	9,287	12,382	15,702	17,252	16,269
Philippines	4,997	5,698	8,558	9,627	10,420
R.O. Korea	9,656	7,877	7,782	8,050	8,128
Thailand	3,172	2,993	3,572	3,388	3,294
Indonesia	1,366	1,567	2,103	2,000	2,443
Sri Lanka	796	806	1,086	1,204	1,624
Viet Nam	467	579	979	1,130	1,407
Peru	1,196	1,103	1,292	1,194	1,306
Bangladesh	929	946	1,312	1,529	1,295
Malaysia	1,393	1,711	1,575	1,559	1,158
Others	8,676	10,248	11,390	10,239	9,066

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
classified by nationality (place of origin) in 2006, the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China for three consecutive years (16,269 accounting for 28.8%), followed by the Philippines (10,420 accounting for 18.5%), and R.O. Korea (8,128 accounting for 14.4%). These top three countries made up over 60% of the total. ( Table 17 )

The characteristics of cases are seen below with respect to each ground for deportation.

## ( 1 ) Illegal Entry

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2006, the number of foreign nationals who illegally entered Japan without valid passports or visas, was 10,441, a decrease of 1,145 (down 9.9%) from 2005.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (3,999 accounting for 38.3% of the total), followed by the Philippines (2,059 accounting for 19.7%), and Thailand (988 accounting for 9.5%). ( Table 18)

According to the statistics classified by means of transportation, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by airplane in

Table 18 : Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	8,388	9,251	11,217	11,586	10,441
China	3,041	4,077	4,588	4,960	3,999
Philippines	1,261	1,385	1,955	2,074	2,059
Thailand	1,173	992	1,219	1,139	988
R.O. Korea	484	443	587	617	767
Bangladesh	448	433	626	646	486
Iran	575	449	425	402	432
Peru	262	247	331	255	299
Pakistan	366	317	334	300	261
Indonesia	99	127	148	172	232
Myanmar	96	149	295	323	188
Others	583	632	709	698	730

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 19 : Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane classified by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	6,201	6,694	7,848	8,065	7,549
China	1,636	2,317	2,295	2,570	2,088
Philippines	1,183	1,275	1,825	1,927	1,956
Thailand	1,140	948	1,165	1,065	934
R.O. Korea	373	330	412	388	415
Iran	437	359	343	340	369
Others	1,432	1,465	1,808	1,775	1,787

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
2006 was 7,549, a decrease of 516 (down 6.4%) from 2005 while the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by ship decreased by 629 (down 17.9%) from 2005 to 2,892 in 2006. (Tables 19 and 20)

Table 20 : Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship classified by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	2,187	2,557	3,369	3,521	2,892
China	1,405	1,760	2,293	2,390	1,911
R.O. Korea	111	113	175	229	352
Bangladesh	232	232	352	348	232
Philippines	78	110	130	147	103
Pakistan	102	91	93	79	82
Others	259	251	326	328	212

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2006, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 506, a decrease of 184 (down 26.7%) from 2005. This accounted for 0.9% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act, and the proportion has maintained a similar level since 2002. (Table 21)

Table 21 : Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	789	777	992	690	506
China	408	390	432	374	231
Turkey	7	6	18	5	45
Sri Lanka	5	17	64	38	33
Myanmar	36	33	77	43	31
R.O. Korea	30	45	40	23	22
Thailand	41	29	49	32	21
Indonesia	10	3	7	4	12
Philippines	41	23	54	29	10
Russia	46	42	56	33	10
China(Taiwan)	12	10	11	8	8
Bangladesh	8	4	7	8	8
Others	145	175	177	93	75

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## ( 3 ) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2006, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay increased by 575 (up 1.4%) from 2005 to 42,829.
According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China (11,295 accounting for 26.4%), followed by the Philippines (7,879 accounting for 18.4%), R.O. Korea (6,847 accounting for 16.0%), Thailand (2,232 accounting for 5.2%), and Indonesia (2,074 accounting for 4.8%). ( Table 22)

Table 22 : Changes in the number of cases of overstay by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Nationality
(Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	31,520	34,266	41,175	42,254	42,829
China	5,600	7,429	10,197	11,301	11,295
Philippines	3,373	3,879	5,949	6,583	7,879
R.O. Korea	8,911	7,099	6,837	6,959	6,847
Thailand	1,935	1,947	2,267	2,166	2,232
Indonesia	1,243	1,419	1,896	1,779	2,074
Sri Lanka	688	670	875	1,028	1,391
Viet Nam	420	528	897	1,021	1,300
Malaysia	1,320	1,639	1,509	1,490	1,095
Peru	908	816	917	919	971
Bangladesh	468	507	659	858	785
Others	6,654	8,333	9,172	8,150	6,960

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## ( 4 ) Activities Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in activities other than those permitted for his/her status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, the foreign national will be deported from Japan for the reason of engaging in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted. The number of such foreign nationals had decreased by 154 (down 8.1%) from 2005 to 1,736.

Many illegal foreign workers were those who entered Japan with the status of residence of

Table 23 : Changes in the number of cases of activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted classified by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	850	1,199	1,399	1,890	1,736
China	171	367	304	357	469
R.O. Korea	211	274	294	396	412
Philippines	267	372	541	862	399
Indonesia	13	17	48	45	119
Romania	28	14	33	34	48
Russia	31	5	24	17	43
China (Taiwan)	36	52	15	22	34
Viet Nam	2	8	15	19	32
Nepal	1	9	1	4	18
Ukraine	18	31	8	20	18
Others	72	50	116	114	144

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
"Temporary Visitor" and engaged in activities which were not permitted under this status thereafter. However, if they stay beyond their authorized period of stay, they will be treated as overstayers. As a result, the number of overstayers was much larger than the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission. (Table 23)

## 2 Illegal Workers

## ( 1 ) Summary

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2006, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 45,929, accounting for 81.4% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents work illegally.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in an employment climate that is still severe although gradually improving, and impair the fair labor market. Furthermore, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.

## ( 2 ) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers Classified by Nationality (Place of Origin)

The statistics of the number of illegal foreign workers by region show that the great majority came from Asia (42,098 accounting for 91.7% of the total), followed by South America (accounting for 3.5%) and Africa (accounting for 1.4%). Thus, Asian illegal workers make up a significantly large percentage of the overall illegal workers.

In addition, these illegal workers came from 115 countries (or regions), in particular from the Asian region. Four countries (or regions) were newly added from 2005, indicating the increasing diversity in the nationalities of the illegal foreign workers.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 13,750, accounting for 29.9% of the total, followed by the Philippines (7,978 accounting for 17.4%), R.O. Korea (6,696 accounting for 14.6%), Thailand (2,650 accounting for 5.8%), and Indonesia (2,286 accounting for 5.0%). These top five countries represented 72.6% of the total. As a recent trend, the number of Chinese illegal workers has been occupying a large proportion. Illegal workers from Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Viet Nam have also seen a marked increase. ( Table 24)
Table 24 : Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	Male	32,364	34,325	43,059	45,935	45,929
Female	18,610	20,274	25,349	26,232	24,759
China	Male	7,087	9,302	12,669	14,239	13,750
Female	4,585	5,997	8,104	8,749	7,614
Philippines	Male	3,696	4,108	6,299	7,378	7,978
Female	1,313	1,453	2,263	2,647	2,887
R.O. Korea	Male	8,043	6,372	6,192	6,514	6,696
Female	3,249	2,564	2,281	2,274	2,232
Thailand	Male	2,538	2,423	2,831	2,816	2,650
Female	1,054	1,030	1,179	1,158	1,159
Indonesia	Male	1,254	1,389	1,897	1,844	2,286
Female	871	975	1,350	1,297	1,521
Sri Lanka	Male	383	414	547	547	765
Female	687	674	891	1,024	1,440
Male	606	588	799	898	1,270
Female	81	86	92	126	170
Viet Nam	Male	330	408	732	900	1,189
Female	201	227	373	490	630
Bangladesh	Male	833	861	1,214	1,405	1,176
Female	806	828	1,166	1,328	1,114
Malaysia	Male	1,329	1,638	1,486	1,486	1,093
Female	917	1,193	1,084	1,060	774
Peru	Male	852	769	945	894	927
Female	561	533	615	588	609
Others	Male	5,715	6,381	7,903	7,435	6,744
Female	4,447	4,886	6,135	5,743	4,949

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## ( 3 ) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were carried out in 2006 were 24,759 (accounting for 53.9% of the total) and 21,170 (accounting for 46.1% of the total), respectively. The difference between males and females diminished from 2005.

Among the top countries, the ratio of females exceeded that of males in three countries: the Philippines, R.O. Korea, and Thailand. Males occupied the largest proportion in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
## ( 4 ) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to the statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers worked as factory workers (12,986 accounting for 28.3% of the total), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses (7,701 accounting for 16.8%), and construction workers (5,425 accounting for 11.8%).

According to the statistics by gender, the largest number of males worked as factory workers, followed by construction workers and other labor workers, while the largest number of females worked as attendants such as hostesses at bars, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. ( Table 25)

Table 25: Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

Job Categories	Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	Male	32,364	34,325	43,059	45,935	45,929
Female	18,610	20,274	25,349	26,232	24,759
Factory worker	Male	13,754	14,051	17,710	19,703	21,170
Female	7,084	7,156	10,440	11,786	12,986
Female	5,181	5,146	7,402	8,447	8,892
Hostess or entertaining customers	Male	1,903	2,010	3,038	3,339	4,094
Female	5,081	5,057	6,597	7,319	7,701
Female	236	184	229	258	356
Female	4,845	4,873	6,368	7,061	7,345
Construction worker	Male	4,790	5,468	6,228	6,378	5,425
Female	4,757	5,426	6,185	6,331	5,378
Female	33	42	43	47	47
Waitress or bartender	Male	2,653	2,919	3,471	4,091	4,008
Female	1,030	1,235	1,401	1,518	1,336
Female	1,623	1,684	2,070	2,573	2,672
Other labor worker	Male	2,462	2,140	2,636	2,858	3,307
Female	1,945	1,739	2,185	2,264	2,502
Female	517	401	451	594	805
Other service worker	Male	2,007	2,406	2,702	2,841	2,815
Female	736	927	1,032	1,017	1,026
Female	1,271	1,479	1,670	1,824	1,789
Others	Male	8,287	9,179	10,985	10,662	9,687
Female	4,725	5,617	6,915	6,397	5,269
Female	3,562	3,562	4,070	4,265	4,418

## 3 Outline of Judgments of Violations

## ( 1 ) Receipt and the Findings of Cases of Violation

Under the deportation procedures, after an immigration control officer conducts an investigation of the violation by a foreign national, an immigration inspector examines whether the foreign national (suspect) should be deported. The number of such examinations of violations was 57,017 in 2006. (Table 26)

The number of requests for hearings conducted after examination of the violation slightly decreased from 2005 to 11,471 in 2006, but remains at a high level over 10,000. This increase was
Table 26 : Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice

(Cases)

Division	Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	42,504 (497)	46,535 (548)	56,018 (596)	57,569 (286)	57,017 (488)
Finished	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	3	2	4	7	3
Issuance of written deportation order	33,607	34,855	40,771	32,284	31,393
Request for hearing	8,254	11,003	13,969	12,446	11,471
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	918	12,227	11,100
Not finished, others	640	675	356	605	3,050
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	9,067 (785)	12,092 (1,061)	14,869 (866)	13,002 (518)	12,221 (711)
Finished	Error in the findings	-	-	-	-	-
Issuance of written deportation order	104	102	113	137	126
Filing an objection	7,872	11,081	14,191	12,056	11,196
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	1091	906	565	809	899
Decision of the Minister of Justice	Receipt	8,378 (607)	11,738 (628)	14,897 (703)	12,533 (461)	11,757 (552)
Finished	Objection with reason	-	8	-	-	3
Objection without reason	7,711	11,204	14,412	11,922	11,018
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	667	521	485	611	736
Request for hearing	Request for hearing Receipt of violation examination (%)	19.4	23.6	24.9	21.6	20.1

( )The numbers indicated in ( ) are carry-over cases from a previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.

Chart 16 : Changes in the number and percentage of requests for a hearing
probably caused by a rise in the number of foreign nationals who voluntarily surrendered themselves to a regional immigration bureau in the hopes of staying in Japan on the basis of relationships such as marriage or cohabitation with Japanese nationals. Also contributing was the fact becoming widely known that special permission to stay can be obtained with consideration for humanitarian reasons such as reunion or illness of family members. (Chart 16)

For the same reason, the number of objections, which a foreign national unsatisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing may file with the Minister of Justice, also remained at a high level of over 10,000, accounting for 11,196 in 2006. ( Table 26)

## ( 2 ) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2006 decreased to its lowest number in the last five years at 33,202.

This decrease was probably because foreign nationals against whom a written deportation order had previously been issued under the conventional system have become able to depart from Japan under a departure order due to the start of full-scale implementation of the departure order system (put into force on December 2, 2004) in 2005. The total number of written deportation orders and written departure orders issued was 44,302 in 2006, exceeding 40,000 since 2004.

According to the statistics of the number of written deportation orders issued in 2006 by grounds for deportation, the most common reason was overstay (22,136), accounting for 66.7% of the total. Although the proportion of overstay still exceeded the majority, it has decreased since 2002, while the proportion of illegal entry increased to 23.7% in 2006. This increase was considered to be attributable mainly to the continuing influx of illegal entrants using forged or altered passports and other documents as well as to the establishment of the departure order system. In addition, the total number of cases of criminal offenses and cases of engagement in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted has continuously increased since 2002, and their proportion in the total increased to 7.7% in 2006. (Table 27)

Table 27 : Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	34,455	35,850	42,074	33,520	33,202
Overstay	25,176	25,383	29,802	20,764	22,136
Illegal entry	7,244	8,058	9,296	9,427	7,880
Illegal landing	712	707	873	635	443
Activity other than those permitted	848	1,168	1,380	1,874	1,726
Criminal offenses etc.	399	438	617	701	831
Others	76	96	106	119	186
According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin) in 2006, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (10,242 accounting for 30.8%), followed by the Philippines (5,370 accounting for 16.2%), and Korea (4,166 accounting for 12.5%). (Chart 17)

## ( 3 ) Provisional Release

In 2006, the number of foreign nationals detained under written detention orders who were accorded provisional release was 3,658, while the number of foreign nationals detained under written deportation orders who were accorded provisional release was 671. (Table 28)

Table 28 : Changes in the number of cases of provisional release permission

Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
By written detention order	4,477	4,284	1,180	1,457	3,658
By written deportation order	347	262	382	769	671

## ( 4 ) Special Permission to Stay

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay from the Minister of Justice was 9,360 in 2006. Although the number decreased from 2005, it still maintains a high level. Most of the foreign nationals who received special permission to stay had established close relationships such as marriage with Japanese nationals and had, in fact, settled down in Japan in many respects. (Table 29)
Table 29 : Changes in the number of cases of special permission to stay by grounds for deportation

Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Grounds for Deportation	6,995	10,327	13,239	10,834	9,360
Total	6,995	10,327	13,239	10,834	9,360
Overstay	5,726	8,743	10,697	8,483	7,096
Illegal entry/illegal landing	1,068	1,374	2,188	2,077	1,915
Criminal offenses etc.	201	210	354	274	349

## 4 Outline of Deportation of Foreign Nationals

The number of foreign nationals deported decreased by 174 (down 0.5%) from 2005 to 33,018 in 2006.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (10,251 accounting for 31.0% of the total), followed by the Philippines (5,435 accounting for 16.5%), R.O. Korea (4,193 accounting for 12.7%), Thailand (1,845 accounting for 5.6%), and Indonesia (1,672 accounting for 5.1%). ( Table 30)

Table 30 : Changes in the number of deportees by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality
(Place of Origin)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	33,788	35,911	41,926	33,192	33,018
China	8,290	11,027	13,408	11,209	10,251
Philippines	3,237	3,780	5,207	4,961	5,453
R.O. Korea	8,287	6,381	5,696	3,962	4,193
Thailand	2,309	2,299	2,527	1,930	1,845
Indonesia	1,305	1,567	2,009	1,241	1,672
Sri Lanka	737	745	1,005	821	1,139
Bangladesh	840	895	1,223	1,271	1,076
Malaysia	1,346	1,656	1,519	1,179	911
Viet Nam	335	417	799	564	864
Peru	872	807	799	542	655
Others	6,230	6,337	7,734	5,512	4,959

( ) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 31 : Changes in the number of deportees by measure of deportation

Year of Deportation	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Total	33,788	35,911	41,926	33,192	33,018
Voluntary departure	32,068	33,914	40,480	31,811	31,911
Deportation in accordance with Article 59	1,481	1,642	1,313	1,177	852
Deportation individually at the expense of the government	76	95	119	192	239
Deportation in group at the expense of the government	163	260	-	-	-
Others	-	-	7	-	-
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons	-	-	7	12	16

* 1 ) Deportation in groups at the expense of the government includes cases where both the Japanese government and the deportee's homeland government bore the expenses.

* 2 ) "Others" are cases of deportation at the expense of the government of each deportees.