projects and 33 BOP business projects. In addition to utilizing the specialized knowledge, funds, and technology private businesses to resolve the development issues of developing countries, this gives a push to the overseas deployment of private business as well (see "Terminology" on page 29 for a description of BOP business and PPP).

The Reorganization and Rationalization Plan for Special Public Corporations announced in December 2001 stipulated that JICA Private Sector Investment Finance that provides direct investment/financing support when private enterprises do business in developing countries, would not be provided beginning in FY2002, except for projects that was authorized before the end of FY2001 and projects that were a continuation of such. However, due to an increase in the necessity of responding to new demands of high development impact through the private sector, the New Growth Strategy released on in June 2010 stipulated that Private Sector Investment Finance would be restarted within the fiscal year. Moreover, taking into consideration decisions made at the December 2010 the “Sixth Ministerial Meeting on Deployment of Integrated Infrastructure Systems,” procedures needed for its restart at the end of March 2011 were completed, and JICA’s Private Sector Investment Finance was started again. As a result, governmental

### b. Acceleration of ODA Loans Process

Public-private partnership has become widely recognized as necessary for development assistance to developing countries. It is important to smoothly produce development effects through effectively organizing the assistance composed of ODA loans and private-sector business. From the standpoint of promoting effective public-private partnerships as well, further efforts are required to provide ODA loans at the same pace as implementation of private sector business.

While giving attention to ensuring accountability and appropriate procedures through such means as ownership on the recipient countries, the prevention of fraud and

### c. Partnership with Universities and Local Governments

Japan utilizes the practical knowledge accumulated by universities, as well as local governments to implement ODA more effectively. JICA promotes the joint implementation of comprehensive technical cooperation and ODA loan projects to make it possible to utilize the specialized knowledge possessed by universities to review of a micro-financing project for the poor sector in Pakistan and an industrial human resources development project in Vietnam was completed in October 2011. In the case of the latter, in November 2011, a loan agreement was concluded with a private bank that will be the recipient of financing on the Vietnam side.

In addition, the “Ministerial Meeting on Deployment of Integrated Infrastructure Systems” was established based on the cabinet decision regarding “the Council on the Realization of the New Growth Strategy” (September 7, 2010 cabinet decision) to respond to the enormous infrastructure demand particularly in Asia, support efforts by private business in the infrastructure area, and make dynamic, cross-national, and political leadership. In this context, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has appointed 122 “Specialist in Infrastructure Projects” at 57 overseas diplomatic missions in 49 countries (as of November 2011), to strengthen system for gathering information through overseas diplomatic missions, and enhance communication with related local organizations and chambers of commerce. In addition, The Prime Minister himself leads Japan’s marketing effort to receive orders of infrastructure project.

(See “Terminology” on page 43 for a description of JICA Private Sector Investment Finance, New Growth Strategy, and Deployment of Integrated Infrastructure Systems.)

corruption, and considerations of environmental and social impact of projects, Japan announced a Measures to Accelerate ODA Loans Process in July 2010, with consideration to its “Measures to Accelerate ODA Loans Process” announced in 2007 and “Measures to Accelerate ODA Loans Process” by Expediting Public-Private Partnerships published in 2009. The measures announced in 2010 include additional actions such as the implementation of “pre-pledges,” increasing the number of countries which hold on-site monitoring meetings and detecting problems at an early stage, and holding discussions regarding countermeasures.

address the challenges of developing countries. In addition, JICA cooperates with local governments to utilize their knowledge and experience to work toward qualitative improvement of ODA projects, development of human resources for aid activities, and vitalization of regional project development.

### d. Partnership with Local Governments and NGOs of Developing Countries

Partnerships with local governments and NGOs in developing countries strengthen not only the socio-economic development of developing countries, but also lead to the strengthening of civil society and NGOs in