Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
# Chapter 2 Deportation Procedures for Foreign Nationals

## Section 1 ♦ Overstayers

Based on the computer statistics of the Immigration Bureau, the estimated number of overstayers (those who illegally stay in Japan unlawfully beyond the permitted period of stay) was 67,065 as of January 1, 2012. This number has been steadily decreasing, down by 11,423 (14.6%) from 78,488 on January 1, 2011, in other words, down by 231,581 (77.5%) from a record high of 298,646 on May 1, 1993.

This decrease was attributable to the effects of comprehensive countermeasures, including implementation of strict immigration examinations at the port of entry, and efforts for tight cooperation with other related agencies to detect violators of the Immigration Control Act and vital public relation activities to prevent illegal employment.

## The Number of Overstayers by Nationality (Place of Origin)

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of overstayers was from R.O. Korea (16,927 accounting for 25.2% of the total) as of January 1, 2012. This was followed by China (7,807 accounting for 11.6%), the Philippines (6,908 accounting for 10.3%), China (Taiwan) (4,571 accounting for 6.8%), Thailand (3,714 accounting for 5.5%), Malaysia (2,237 accounting for 3.3%), and Singapore (1,586 accounting for 2.4%). (Chart 17, Table 16)

Investigation into violation
(26.3%), the “Entertainer” status decreased by 469 (13.7%), and the “Long-Term Resident” status decreased by 572 (17.9%), respectively. The number of overstayers with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” has been on the decline since May 1, 1993, while those with the status of residence of “Entertainer” started to rise on January 1, 2002 and kept increasing, but has been decreasing since January 2005. On the other hand, the number of foreign residents with the status of residence of “College Student” continued to increase from January 1, 2001, but has been decreasing since January 2006. (Table 17)

Table 17: Changes in the estimated number of overstayers by major status of residence

Date	January 1 2007	January 1 2008	January 1 2009	January 1 2010	January 1 2011	January 1 2012
Total	170,839	149,785	113,072	91,778	78,488	67,065
Temporary Visitor	117,289	102,069	76,651	63,169	54,220	46,845
Spouse or Child of Japanese National	11,724	10,502	7,576	6,456	5,843	5,060
College Student	12,729	10,978	8,276	5,842	4,322	3,187
Entertainer	8,162	6,624	5,015	4,120	3,425	2,956
Trainee	6,344	5,499	4,044	3,505	3,199	2,627
Others	14,591	14,113	11,510	8,686	7,479	6,390

(*) The number of overstayers with the status of residence, “College Student” includes the number of foreign nationals whose status of residence was “Pre-college Student” under the previous Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, which had been enforced before July 1, 2010, at the time when they became considered overstayers

# Section 2 ☐ Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act for Which Deportation Procedures Were Carried Out

## The Number of Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act by Grounds for Deportation

In 2011, the number of foreign nationals for whom deportation procedures were enforced on account of violating the Immigration Control Act was 20,659, a decrease of 3,554 from 2010. Of these, 4,501 were handed over to immigration inspectors as those subject to the departure order system. (Chart 18)

According to the statistics of the number of foreign nationals by grounds for deportation, the largest number of foreign nationals were deported for overstaying (15,925 accounting for 77.1%), fol-

Detection

lowed by illegal entry (2,862 accounting for 13.9%), and then activities detection other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted (542 accounting for 2.6%). Overstayers continued to occupy a predominant percentage (Table 18).

Looking at the statistics of the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by
nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China for nine consecutive years (6,350 accounting for 30.7%), followed by the Philippines (4,346 accounting for 21.0%), and R.O. Korea (2,625 accounting for 12.7%). These top three countries made up over 60% of the total. (Table 19)

Among the foreign nationals violating the Act against whom deportation procedures were enforced in 2011, the number of those who illegally worked in Japan was 13,913, accounting for 67.3% of the total.
Table 18: Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by grounds for deportation

(People)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	45,502	39,382	32,661	24,213	20,659
Illegal entry	7,454	6,136	5,373	3,867	2,862
Illegal landing	342	253	186	134	164
Activity other than those permitted	1,409	1,153	810	751	542
Overstay	35,417	31,045	25,503	18,578	15,925
Criminal offenses etc.	880	795	789	883	1,166

Illegal work	36,982	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913

Table 19: Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Nationality (Place of Origin)
Total	45,502	39,382	32,661	24,213	20,659
China	11,981	10,963	9,522	7,294	6,350
Philippines	9,185	7,847	6,370	5,058	4,346
R.O. Korea	6,560	4,993	3,934	3,215	2,625
Thailand	2,467	2,020	1,832	1,475	1,108
Brazil	663	537	536	581	825
Viet Nam	1,571	1,708	1,373	887	717
Peru	1,068	1,064	1,216	742	597
Sri Lanka	1,449	1,432	1,171	624	449
Indonesia	2,153	2,284	1,632	735	449
United States of America	185	168	124	176	258
Others	8,220	6,366	4,951	3,426	2,935

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Specific details for the cases by the ground for deportation are following.

## (1) Illegal Entry

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for violating the Act in 2011, the number of illegal entrants $ ^{*} $ was 2,862, a decrease of 1,005 (26.0%) from 2010, which accounts for 13.9% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. Looking at the past history, the number was increasing after 2003, however, it turned into a decrease after 2006. As the percentage of illegally entering persons against the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act is decreasing, it is considered that countermeasures for illegal entry prevention are found to be quite effective.
According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of the illegal entrants was from China (949 accounting for 33.2% of the total), followed by the Philippines (799 accounting for 27.9%), and R.O. Korea (270 accounting for 9.4%), and no movement has been seen in the order of these top two countries since 2002.

According to statistics by means of transportation for illegal entry, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for illegal entry by airplane in 2011 was 2,105, a decrease of 744 (26.1%) from 2010. This accounts for 73.5% of all illegally entering persons, and illegal entry using airplane occupies a high percentage as in the past. Meanwhile, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for illegal entry by ship decreased by 261 (25.6%) from 2010 to 757 in 2011. (Tables 20, 21 and 22)

Table 20: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Nationality (Place of Origin)
Total	7,454	6,136	5,373	3,867	2,862
China	2,410	2,020	1,648	1,212	949
Philippines	1,624	1,376	1,237	1,065	799
R.O. Korea	619	478	427	327	270
Thailand	680	503	416	303	198
Peru	243	261	377	189	119
Iran	382	248	174	133	112
Indonesia	281	260	269	132	83
Sri Lanka	151	165	130	82	57
Nigeria	67	50	50	37	37
Bangladesh	349	263	160	79	35
Others	648	512	485	308	203

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 21: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	5,448	4,462	3,880	2,849	2,105
Philippines	1,519	1,301	1,153	1,006	760
China	1,215	942	698	533	443
Thailand	633	471	387	284	192
Peru	241	261	377	188	119
R.O.Korea	318	224	165	141	104
Others	1,522	1,263	1,100	697	487

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 22: Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	2,006	1,674	1,493	1,018	757
China	1,195	1,078	950	679	506
R.O. Korea	301	254	262	186	166
Philippines	105	75	84	59	39
Iran	59	46	33	20	16
Bangladesh	194	127	78	23	13
Others	152	94	86	51	17

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for violating the Act in 2011, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 164, an increase of 30 (22.4%) from 2010. This accounted for 0.8% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. (Table 23)

Table 23: Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	342	253	186	134	164
Turkey	19	39	17	27	72
China	137	58	50	25	20
R.O. Korea	15	17	10	11	12
United States of America	1	2	1	0	6
Pakistan	6	3	6	2	5
Russia	15	7	4	7	5
China(Taiwan)	8	4	6	8	5
Philippines	26	14	14	9	4
Thailand	11	9	18	7	4
Malaysia	1	0	2	2	4
Others	103	100	58	36	27

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for violating the Act in 2011, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay decreased by 2,653 (14.3%) from 2010 to 15,925. This accounts for 77.1% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China (4,848 accounting for 30.4%), followed by the Philippines (3,280 accounting for 20.6%), R.O. Korea (2,082 accounting for 13.1%), Thailand (860 accounting for 5.4%), and Brazil (649 accounting for 4.1%). (Table 24)

Table 24: Changes in the number of cases of overstay by nationality (place of origin)

(People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	35,417	31,045	25,503	18,578	15,925
China	8,811	8,326	7,342	5,494	4,848
Philippines	7,136	6,188	4,960	3,797	3,280
R.O. Korea	5,484	4,147	3,104	2,582	2,082
Thailand	1,728	1,444	1,347	1,130	860
Brazil	434	346	375	434	649
Viet Nam	1,435	1,570	1,268	783	635
Peru	792	779	812	529	446
Sri Lanka	1,244	1,216	1,026	515	375
Indonesia	1,837	1,978	1,350	590	350
United States of America	163	143	99	157	224
Others	6,353	4,908	3,820	2,567	2,176

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (4) Activity Other Than That Permitted under the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in activity other than that permitted for his/her status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, deportation procedures will be enforced by reason of engaging in activity other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted. The number of such foreign nationals had decreased by 209 (27.8%) from 2010 to 542 in 2011. This accounts for 2.6% of the total number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for the Act violation.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (192 accounting for 35.4% of the total), followed by R.O. Korea (125 accounting for 23.1%), and the Philippines (71 accounting for 13.1%), and these top three countries account for 71.6% of the total. (Table 25)

Table 25: Changes in the number of cases of activity other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	1,409	1,153	810	751	542
China	395	369	266	291	192
R.O. Korea	380	275	306	207	125
Philippines	297	189	85	57	71
Nepal	21	35	10	45	60
Indonesia	23	29	11	4	14
India	27	23	8	19	13
Viet Nam	49	56	15	36	12
Bangladesh	13	26	18	23	11
Sri Lanka	8	16	9	15	10
China (Taiwan)	48	48	25	29	9
Others	148	87	57	25	25

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## 2 Illegal Foreign Workers

## (1) Summary

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were enforced for violating the Act in 2011, the number of those who were considered to have been illegally working was 13,913, accounting for 67.3% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act. This indicates that most illegal foreign residents who work unlawfully.

It has been pointed out that illegal foreign workers, working for substandard wages, take away employment opportunities from Japanese workers in the present severe employment climate, and have serious negative impact on the fair labor market. Moreover, there have been human rights violations against illegal foreign workers. For example, brokers arrange for illegal workers to come to Japan and gain a huge unfair profit by exploiting the wages that should be earned by the foreign workers. Foreign workers in these conditions are also unable to receive sufficient compensation in the event of an industrial accident.
## (2) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Nationality (Place of Origin)

Illegal workers came from 80 countries (place of origin), mainly neighboring Asian countries, indicating that the trend toward increasing diversity in the nationalities of illegal foreign workers is continuing.

According to the statistics of the number by nationality (place of origin), illegal workers from China made up the largest number at 4,876, accounting for 35.0 % of the total, followed by the Philippines (2,632 accounting for 18.9%), R.O. Korea (1,918 accounting for 13.8%), Thailand (843 accounting for 6.1%), and Viet Nam (521 accounting for 3.7%). These top five countries represented 77.6% of the total. As a recent trend, the number of Chinese illegal workers has accounted for a large ratio. (Table 26)

Table 26: Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by nationality (place of origin) (People)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	36,982	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913
Male	20,926	19,270	16,522	10,943	7,954
Female	16,056	13,201	10,023	7,547	5,959
China	10,223	9,583	8,205	6,039	4,876
Male	5,910	5,950	5,343	3,887	2,968
Female	4,313	3,633	2,862	2,152	1,908
Philippines	7,075	6,083	4,845	3,573	2,632
Male	2,815	2,559	2,250	1,491	1,052
Female	4,260	3,524	2,595	2,082	1,580
R.O.Korea	5,315	4,077	3,241	2,590	1,918
Male	1,977	1,555	1,306	985	670
Female	3,338	2,522	1,935	1,605	1,248
Thailand	2,013	1,694	1,512	1,171	843
Male	985	903	822	645	456
Female	1,028	791	690	526	387
Viet Nam	1,318	1,473	1,152	722	521
Male	756	887	741	483	323
Female	562	586	411	239	198
Indonesia	2,034	2,162	1,557	675	397
Male	1,438	1,568	1,230	518	333
Female	596	594	327	157	64
Sri Lanka	1,264	1,278	1,042	554	365
Male	1,117	1,150	946	507	335
Female	147	128	96	47	30
Peru	785	786	932	487	324
Male	518	532	652	311	218
Female	267	254	280	176	106
Mongolia	493	420	304	231	201
Male	255	219	175	132	111
Female	238	201	129	99	90
Brazil	246	198	198	165	183
Male	193	152	158	125	149
Female	53	46	40	40	34
Others	6,216	4,717	3,557	2,283	1,653
Male	4,962	3,795	2,899	1,859	1,339
Female	1,254	922	658	424	314

$ ^{*} $ "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
## (3) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Gender

The numbers of male and female illegal foreign workers against whom deportation procedures were taken was 7,954 (accounting for 57.2 % of the total) and 5,959 (accounting for 42.8% of the total), respectively. The percentage of females is increasing compared to the previous year.

Illegal workers detection

## (4) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Type of Work

According to statistics by type of work, the largest number of illegal foreign workers were factory workers (2,809 accounting for 20.2% of the total), followed by attendants such as bar hostesses (2,011 accounting for 14.5%), and construction workers (1,772 accounting for 12.7%).

According to statistics by gender, the largest number of males' occupation was factory workers, followed by construction workers and other labor workers on the other hand. The largest number of females' occupation was attendants such as bar hostesses, followed by factory workers, waitresses and bartenders. (Table 27)

Table 27: Changes in the number of cases of illegal work by type of work

(People)

Job Categories	Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	36,982	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913
Male	20,926	19,270	16,522	10,943	7,954
Female	16,056	13,201	10,023	7,547	5,959
Factory worker	11,572	11,366	8,220	4,168	2,809
Male	7,898	7,670	5,687	2,846	1,869
Female	3,674	3,696	2,533	1,322	940
Attendants such as bar hostess	5,809	4,452	3,323	2,679	2,011
Male	400	429	331	240	120
Female	5,409	4,023	2,992	2,439	1,891
Construction worker	4,458	3,831	3,938	2,383	1,772
Male	4,401	3,792	3,890	2,358	1,750
Female	57	39	48	25	22
Other labor worker	2,792	3,092	2,461	1,715	1,527
Male	2,190	2,342	1,899	1,347	1,173
Female	602	750	562	368	354
Waitress and bartender	3,073	2,149	1,487	1,265	1,109
Male	1,190	807	596	464	417
Female	1,883	1,342	891	801	692
Other service worker	1,953	1,483	1,312	1,166	961
Male	739	598	533	490	379
Female	1,214	885	779	676	582
Others	7,325	6,098	5,804	5,114	3,724
Male	4,108	3,632	3,586	3,198	2,246
Female	3,217	2,466	2,218	1,916	1,478
## (5) The Number of Illegal Foreign Workers by Place of Work

According to statistics by place of work by prefecture, the largest number is found in Tokyo Metropolis (2,763 accounting for 19.9% of the total), followed by Chiba Prefecture (1,919 accounting for 13.8%), Kanagawa Prefecture (1,663 accounting for 12.0%), Aichi Prefecture (1,637 accounting for 11.8%) and Ibaraki Prefecture (1,286 accounting for 9.2%), which shows that illegal foreign workers are concentrated in the greater Tokyo Area concentrating in the Pacific coast area from Kanto to Kinki districts. Thus, one metropolis and six prefectures (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Gunma and Tochigi) account for 68.1% of the total number of illegal foreign workers, nine prefectures in the central district (Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Shizuoka, Gifu and Aichi) account for 19.7% of the total number of illegal foreign workers, together accounting for a large ratio, while illegal foreign workers are recognized in all 47 prefectures of the entire nation. (Table 28)

Table 28: Changes in the number of cases of illegal foreign workers by place of work (People)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Prefecture	36,982	32,471	26,545	18,490	13,913
Tokyo	8,940	5,862	4,618	3,462	2,763
Chiba	3,021	2,824	2,784	2,316	1,919
Kanagawa	4,499	4,497	3,522	2,594	1,663
Aichi	4,724	4,801	3,924	2,188	1,637
Ibaraki	2,243	2,465	2,448	1,805	1,286
Saitama	3,183	2,784	2,215	1,528	1,112
Osaka	1,548	1,439	1,060	894	623
Gunma	1,961	1,980	1,375	717	447
Shizuoka	1,243	1,092	800	439	371
Nagano	867	532	424	346	297
Others	4,753	4,195	3,375	2,201	1,795

## 3 Outline of Judgments of Violations

## (1) Receipt and the Findings of Cases of Violation

Any foreign national who is suspect to fall under any of the reasons for deportation shall be handed over to an immigration inspector to take procedures for examination of violations after investigation by an immigration control officer. Those procedures consist of three steps: examination of violations by an immigration inspector, hearing by a special inquiry officer, and decision by the Minister of Justice.

The number of cases received examination of violations in 2011 was 21,584, decreasing consecutively since 2007. (Table 29)

Judgment of violations
Table 29: Changes in the number of cases of receipt and findings of violation examinations by immigration inspectors, hearings by special inquiry officers and decisions of the Minister of Justice (Cases)

Division	Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Division	Receipt	48,647(2,918)	43,073(3,274)	34,247(1,234)	25,731(1,375)	21,584(771)
Finished	Found not to fall under one of the reasons for deportation	3	4	2	10	5
Issuance of written deportation order	26,215	22,179	16,312	11,386	7,628
Request for hearing	9,205	10,639	7,071	8,164	8,577
Issuance of written departure order	9,691	8,477	9,041	5,186	4,501
Not finished, others	3,533	1,774	1,821	985	873
Violation examination by immigration inspector	Receipt	10,101(846)	11,247(562)	7,607(506)	8,777(587)	9,286(674)
Finished	Error in the findings	-	2	-	1	3
Issuance of written deportation order	134	166	104	112	120
Filing an objection	9,361	10,515	6,876	7,949	8,389
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	606	564	627	715	774
Hearing by special inquiry officer	Receipt	10,037(639)	11,280(682)	7,456(561)	8,756(712)	9,017(526)
Finished	Objection with reason	6	3	1	-	7
Objection without reason	9,245	10,593	6,630	8,107	8,440
Issuance of written departure order	-	-	-	-	-
Not finished, others	786	684	825	649	570

$ ^{*} $ The numbers indicated in () are carry-over cases from a previous year and are included in each of the upper numbers.

The number of requests for hearings conducted after examination of violations in 2011 was 8,577 accounting for 39.7% of the total cases received as examination of violations, and the number of cases and the percentage both increased from 2010. (Chart19)
The number of objections, which a foreign national unsatisfied with the decision made by the special inquiry officer at the hearing may file with the Minister of Justice, increased to 8,389 in 2011. (Table 29)

## (2) Issuance of a Written Deportation Order

The number of written deportation orders issued in 2011 was 9,348. According to statistics by grounds for their deportation, cases of overstay numbered 5,588 and they accounted for 59.8% of the total. On the other hand, the percentage of cases of illegal entry was 21.5%, both of which show approximately the same ratio as the previous year. (Table 30)

Table 30: Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by grounds for deportation

(Cases)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	28,225	24,442	18,436	13,277	9,348
Overstay	19,403	16,966	12,130	8,665	5,588
Illegal entry	6,188	5,125	4,473	2,956	2,014
Illegal landing	334	241	173	113	138
Activity other than those permitted	1,367	1,137	813	735	510
Criminal offenses etc.	738	805	641	477	771
Others	195	168	206	331	327

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin) in 2011, as well, the largest number of foreign nationals who were issued written deportation orders came from China (2,994 accounting for 32.0%), followed by the Philippines (1,681 accounting for 18.0%), and Korea (1,172 accounting for 12.5%). (Chart 20)
Chart 20: Changes in the number of issuance of written deportation orders by nationality (place of origin)

## (3) Provisional Release

In 2011, the number of foreign nationals detained under written detention orders who were accorded provisional release increased by 36 compared with a year earlier, reaching 2,131.

On the other hand, the number of foreign nationals detained under written deportation orders who were accorded provisional release decreased by 50 compared with a year earlier, to 1,062. (Table 31)

Table 31: Changes in the number of cases of provisional release permission

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Kind of Order	3,883	1,918	2,265	2,095	2,131
By written detention order	938	819	837	1,012	1,062

## (4) Special Permission to Stay in Japan

The number of foreign nationals who received special permission to stay in Japan from the