Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
of permanent residents from China, Brazil, the Philippines, Korea and Peru increased by about 1.4 times, 1.3 times, 1.5 times, 1.2 times, and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the end of 2007.

On the other hand, the number of registered foreign nationals who were “Special Permanent Resident” that used to occupy the largest percentage until 2006 is decreasing year by year, while the percentage occupying the total number of registered foreign nationals is decreasing accordingly. Looking at changes over a longer period, the percentage of foreign nationals equivalent to the status of “Special Permanent Resident” occupied approximately 90% from the time just after the war until 1955. However, the decrease in the number of “Special Permanent Resident” itself and the increase of foreign nationals newly visiting Japan with various purposes (so-called “newcomers”) are both driving the tendency of “Special Permanent Resident” to decrease, which vividly shows the change in the situation in Japan surrounding resident foreign nationals.

### B. Foreign Nationals Residing in Japan for the Purpose of Employment in Specific and Technical Fields (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 1-2 through 6-2)

The number of registered foreign nationals residing in Japan for the purpose of employment in professional or technical fields decreased by 6,956 (3.4%) from the end of 2010 to 200,271 as of the end of 2011, accounting for 9.6% of the total. Looking at changes in this number from the end of 2007 to the end of 2011, although you find that the number of registered persons was on an increasing trend from the end of 2007, it has actually decreased since the end of 2010. (Chart 14)
According to statistics by category of the status of residence, the number of registered foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Researcher” has recently been decreasing. One of the possible factors for this trend is considered to be that the status of residence of “Designated Activities” came to be granted to those who intended to engage in research activities if they met the requirements for preferential measures under the Act on Special Zones for Structural Reform initiated since April 2003. Further, the number of those with the status of residence of “Entertainer” decreased by 2,982 (32.2%) at the end of 2011 from
the end of the previous year, showing a continuous decrease. This is caused by the decrease of new entrants with the status of residence of “Entertainer”.

The numbers of registered foreign nationals with such statuses of residence as “Engineer”, “Specialist in Humanities/International Services” and “Intra-company Transferee” which were basically designed for foreign employees working at companies, were 42,634, 67,854, 14,636 respectively, as of the end of 2011, somewhat decreased by 3,958 (8.5%), 613 (0.9%) and 1,504 (9.3%) respectively, from the end of 2010.

At the end of 2011, the percentage of the number of registered foreign nationals with such status of residence as “Engineer”, “Specialist in Humanities/International Services” and “Intra-company Transferee” against the total number of registered foreign nationals residing in Japan for the purpose of employment in professional or technical fields was 21.3%, 33.9%, 7.3% respectively.

### C. “College Student” (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 9-2)

As of the end of 2011, the number of registered foreign nationals with the status of residence of “College Student” decreased by 12,906 (6.4%) from the previous year to 188,605, accounting for 9.1% of the total. Partially due to integration of the status of residence of “Pre-College Student” into “College Student” since July, 2010, the number increased significantly at the end of 2010, up by 55,602 (38.1%) from the end of 2009 to 201,511 $ ^{*} $ , exceeding 200,000 for the first time, but turned to decrease in 2011. On a nationality (place of origin) basis, the number of Chinese college students was 127,435, accounting for 67.6% of the total, followed by Koreans (21,678 accounting for 11.5%).

Looking at changes in the total number from the end of 2007 until the end of 2011, the number as of the end of 2011 was about 1.1 times $ ^{**} $ that as of the end of 2007.

### D. “Trainee”, “Technical Intern Training (1)” (Data Section 2, Statistics (1) 7-2, 10-2)

The number of registered foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Trainee” was 3,388 as of the end of 2011 with a decrease of 5,955 (63.7%) compared with the end of 2010, marking a significant decrease from the previous year. According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the number of those from China was the largest, at 1,275, accounting for 37.6% of the total, followed by Thailand (431 accounting for 12.7%) and the Philippines (308 accounting for 9.1%).

In addition, looking at the change from the end of 2007 until the end of 2011 by nationality (place of origin), China showed a decrease of 65,301 (98.1%) and Viet Nam showed a decrease of 6,446 (96.2%).

The number of registered foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Technical Intern Training (1)”, a newly established status of residence along with the revised Immigration Control Act enacted on July 1, 2010 was 61,178 at the end of 2011.
The number of registered foreign nationals with the status of residence of “Long-Term Resident” was 177,983 as of the end of 2011 accounting for 8.6% of the total. Looking at the change from the end of 2007 until the end of 2011, the number has been on a decline, similarly to the case of “Spouse or Child of Japanese National”, and the number as of the end of 2011 decreased by 16,619 (8.5%) as compared with the end of 2010.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the number of such foreign nationals from Brazil was 62,077, accounting for 34.9%, followed by the Philippines (39,331 accounting for 22.1%) and China (30,498 accounting for 17.1%) at the end of 2011. Looking at the change from the end of 2007 until the end of 2011, the Philippines, which ranked in third place until the end of 2007, continuously increased and reached second place at the end of 2008 surpassing China, and have continued to increase steadily.

## 2 Residence Examinations

If any foreign national in Japan desires to stay longer than the period of stay originally permitted to him/her, or desires to change his/her status of residence in order to pursue a new purpose differing from the purpose for which the original status of residence was granted, the foreign national must file an application in accordance with the Immigration Control Act and obtain required permission from the Minister of Justice or the Director-General of the regional immigration bureau. There is such permission for extension of period of stay, change of status of residence, acquisition of status of residence, re-entry permission for permanent residence, permission to engage in an activity other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted, and so forth. The decision as to whether or not to grant permission is made through the status of residence examination.

Although the total number of cases of status of residence examinations and so forth in which permission was granted was on an increasing trend in recent years, it peaked out in 2009 and decreased by from 16,701 (1.2%) in 2010 to 1,358,794 in 2011. One of the possible reasons for the decrease in the number of registered foreign nationals is considered to be the fact that an increasing number of foreign nationals returned to their home countries due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011, leading to a decrease of foreign nationals staying in Japan. In addition, the number of foreign nationals filing an application for extension of period of stay decreased in 2011. (Table 9)
Table 9: Changes in the number of cases of permission in status of residence examinations

(Cases)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Division	1,351,961	1,361,844	1,403,250	1,375,705	1,358,896
Total	119,145	133,513	147,528	163,654	136,450
Permission to engage in an activity other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted	138,427	149,214	149,046	188,178	132,834
Permission for change of status of residence	436,630	434,307	444,330	389,439	377,645
Permission for extension of period of stay	60,509	57,806	53,960	48,003	41,327
Permission for permanent residence	131	114	139	105	102
Permission for special permanent residence	8,680	8,957	8,303	7,531	6,528
Re-entry permission	588,439	577,933	599,944	578,795	664,010

(*1) "Permission for permanent residence" is the permission provided for in Article 22 of the Immigration Control Act.

(*2) "Permission for acquisition of status of residence" includes permission for permanent residence described in Article 22-2 in the Immigration Control Act.

$ ^{*3} $ "Permission for Special Permanent Residence" is the number of permissions of special permanent residence provided for in Article 5 of the Special Law on Immigration Control of Inter Alias, Those Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality on the Basis of the Treaty of Peace with Japan.

Residence examination

## (1) Permission for Extension of Period of Stay (Article 21 of the Immigration Control Act)

Any foreign national in Japan who desires to stay longer than the period of stay originally permitted without changing his/her status of residence must obtain permission for an extension of the period of stay.

The number of foreign nationals who obtained such permission in 2011 was 377,645, a decrease by 11,794 (3.0%) as compared with 2010.
## (2) Permission for Change of Status of Residence (Article 20 of the Immigration Control Act)

Any foreign national in Japan who desires to switch the status of residence originally permitted must obtain permission for change of status of residence for the new purpose.

In 2011, the number of foreign nationals who obtained such permission was 132,834, a decrease by 55,344 (29.4%) as compared with 2010.

Among these, the major cases of applying for permission for change of status of residence were as follows:

### A. Change of Status of Residence from the Status of Student for Employment Purposes

Lawful foreign nationals studying at Japanese universities or vocational/technical schools have the status of residence of “Student”. Many of them wish to stay in Japan to work for companies or some other organization in Japan right after they finished schools.

The number of foreign nationals who obtained permission for change of status of residence for employment was 8,586 in 2011, an increase by 755 (9.6%) from a year earlier. Although it had consistently demonstrated an upward trend since 2003, it took a downward turn due to global economic downturn after hitting a peak in 2008. However, the number increased slightly in 2011. (Table 10)

Table 10: Changes in the number of cases of permission for change of status of residence for employment from college student or pre-college student by nationality (place of origin) (Cases)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Total	10,262	11,040	9,584	7,831	8,586
China	7,539	7,651	6,333	4,874	5,344
R.O. Korea	1,109	1,360	1,368	1,205	1,209
China (Taiwan)	282	303	285	279	302
Viet Nam	131	189	161	167	242
Nepal	63	161	173	141	149
Bangladesh	138	164	125	107	139
Sri Lanka	81	160	141	120	114
Thailand	87	97	101	119	109
United States of America	50	65	67	87	107
Myanmar	61	83	94	63	89
Others	721	807	736	669	782

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the number of foreign nationals who obtained such permission from China was 5,344, accounting for 62.2% of the total, followed by R.O. Korea (1,209, accounting for 14.1%) and China (Taiwan) (302, accounting for 3.5%).

According to statistics by status of residence, foreign nationals who obtained permission to change their statuses to “Specialist in Humanities/International Services” represented the largest ratio, totaling 6,006 and accounting for 70.0%, a decrease by 584 (10.8%) from 2010. In addition, 1,670 foreign nationals (19.5%) obtained permission to change their statuses to “Engineer” in 2011, and these two statuses of residence account for 89.4% of the total. (Table 11)
Table 11: Changes in the number of cases of permission for change of status of residence for employment from college student or pre-college student by status of residence permitted (Cases)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Status of residence
Total	10,262	11,040	9,584	7,831	8,586
Specialist in Humanities/International Services	7,304	7,863	6,677	5,422	6,006
Engineer	2,314	2,414	2,154	1,390	1,670
Professor	416	430	444	512	419
Investor/Business Manager	61	128	128	275	291
Researcher	87	111	97	93	78
Instructor	23	29	31	46	46
Medical Services	13	16	24	54	34
Religious Activities	15	19	3	12	12
Skilled Labor	6	3	4	11	11
Artist	6	2	8	5	5
Entertainer	3	5	2	3	1
Others	14	20	12	8	13

### B. Permission to Change Status of Residence in Order to Participate in “Technical Intern Training (2)”

The Technical intern training program was a system established in 1993 to enable foreign nationals to acquire skills through on-the-job training while in employment, thereby contributing to effective technology transfer and human resources development as part of international contributions. On July 1, 2010, new training and technical intern training programs started to be operated and it is necessary for any foreign national who wishes to acquire proficiency of the skills obtained with the status of residence of “Technical Intern Training (1)” or to be engaged in an operation which requires the obtained skills needs to take part in the program to obtain permission for change of status of residence to “Technical Intern Training (2)”.

“Technical Intern Training (2)” covers skills that are publicly evaluated in Japan and also in demand in the home countries of the trainees. These skills were categorized into 66 types of work in total as of April 1, 2012. 54 types, including form panel setting and machining, are evaluated based on the National Skills Test under the Occupation Skills Development Promotion Law for Basic Grade 1 and Basic Grade 2. The remaining 12 types, including welding and operation of spinning machines, are publicly evaluated, although not by national examinations, according to a system established by the Japan International Training Cooperation Organization.

Foreign trainees who applied for the shift of the status of residence to “Technical Intern Training (2)” in 2011 decreased by 4,153 (8.4%) from a year earlier to 45,013. However, in total, more than 470,000 trainees took part in the program after finishing their training from establishment of the technical intern training program in 1993 up to the end of 2011 $ ^{*} $ .

According to statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of trainees who
## (3) Permission for Acquisition of Status of Residence (Article 22-2 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national who was born in Japan, an individual who became a foreign national after renouncing Japanese nationality or the U.S. military personnel stipulated in the Status of Forces Agreement Japan-US who lost the status wishes to continue living in Japan, he/she must acquire a status of residence.

The number of such foreign nationals who obtained, permission for acquisition of status of residence was 6,528 in 2011, a decrease by 1,003 (13.3%) from 2010.

## (4) Re-entry Permission (Article 26 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national who resides in Japan wishes to temporarily depart and re-enter Japan, he/she may re-enter and land in Japan using his/her current status of residence and period of stay without re-applying for a visa by receiving re-entry permission before leaving Japan.

In 2011, the number of such foreign nationals who obtained re-entry permission was 664,010, an increase by 85,215 (14.7%) from 2010.

In recent years, the number of foreign nationals who obtained re-entry permission has gone up and down below 600,000 repeatedly. It seems that the number of foreign nationals who left Japan temporarily increased significantly in 2011 due to the influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake, and its aftermath which occurred on March 11.

## (5) Permission to Engage in an Activity Other than That Permitted under the Status of Residence Previously Granted (Article 19(2) of the Immigration Control Act)

A foreign national who is granted a status of residence according to the activities in which he/she is engaged in Japan must receive permission to engage in an activity other than that permitted under the status of residence previously granted if the foreign national wishes to become engaged in “activities related to the management of a business involving income or activities for which he/she receives remuneration” which are not included in those activities under his/her category of status of residence. A typical example of this is that of an international student who wishes to have a part-time job. The Minister of Justice will give permission to the extent that the extra activity does not interfere with the activity that is the original purpose of residence.

The number of foreign nationals who obtained such permission in 2011 was 136,450, a decrease by 27,204 (16.6%) from 2010.

## (6) Permission for Permanent Residence (Article 22 of the Immigration Control Act)

The status of permanent residence is granted when certain conditions have been satisfied by foreign nationals who reside in Japan under another status of residence and who have applied for change of status of residence to permanent residence or by those who have applied to acquire status of residence due to birth or renouncement of Japanese nationality.

With respect to permission for permanent residence, the Immigration Bureau established on March 31, 2005 the “Guidelines for Contribution to Japan”, and publicly announced it on its
website. Also, the Immigration Bureau posts cases where the contribution was recognized and permission for permanent residence was granted, and where permission was not granted, on its website and updates it from time to time. On March 31, 2006, the Immigration Bureau established the “Guideline for Permission for Permanent Residence” to publicly announce general requirements relating to permission for permanent residence, and the standard for the number of years of residence, and partially amended the “Guidelines for Contribution to Japan”.

The number of foreign nationals who were granted permission for permanent residence in 2007 was a record high of 60,509. However, the number has been on a decrease since then to 47,898 in 2010 and 41,327 in 2011. (Table 14)

Table 14: Changes in the number of permission of residence by nationality (place of origin)

(Cases)

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Nationality (Place of Origin)
Total	60,509	57,806	53,820	47,898	41,327
China	15,875	16,140	16,957	16,714	16,436
Philippines	8,723	8,982	9,248	9,157	7,210
Brazil	19,793	16,824	11,430	7,549	5,172
Korea	3,788	3,914	4,060	3,760	3,221
Peru	3,241	2,783	2,389	1,756	1,335
Others	9,089	9,163	9,736	8,962	7,953

$ ^{*} $ "China" includes Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## Section 3 ☐ Japanese Nationals Leaving and Returning to Japan

## The Number of Japanese Nationals Leaving Japan (1) The Total Number of Japanese Nationals Leaving Japan

The total number of Japanese nationals leaving Japan in 2011 was 16,994,200, an increase by 356,976 (2.1%) from 2009. (Chart 15)
## (2) The Number of Japanese Nationals Leaving Japan by Gender and Age

According to statistics by gender, the number of Japanese nationals leaving Japan in 2011 consists of 9,304,366 males and 7,689,834 females: males account for 54.8% of the total and females account for 45.2%. This percentage of male and female has not changed drastically from 2001, and the percentage accounted for by males exceeds that by females.

According to statistics by age, the number of Japanese nationals leaving Japan in 2011 consists of 3,388,355 persons in their 30s, which accounts for 19.9% of the total, followed by 3,338,699 in their 40s or older (19.6%), 3,256,156 in their 60s (19.2%), 2,834,403 in their 50s (16.7%), and 2,807,994 in their 20s (16.5%).

The percentage of males and females by age shows that the percentage of females younger than 20 and in their 20s exceeds that of males, and in particular, in respect of those in their 20s, females account for 63.9%, a particularly high percentage. Figures for those older than their 20s show that the percentage of males leaving Japan exceeds that of females. (Chart 16)

## (3) The Number of Japanese Nationals Leaving Japan by Airport and Seaport

According to statistics of Japanese nationals leaving Japan in 2011 by airport and seaport of departure, the number of persons using airports to leave Japan was 16,797,550, accounting for 98.8% of the total. As compared with foreign nationals entering Japan (persons using airports account for 93.6%), the percentage of airport users is much higher.

Among persons in 2011 using airports to leave Japan, the number of users of Narita Airport was 7,590,249, which accounts for 45.2% of the total number of persons using airports to leave Japan, and those using Kansai Airport was 3,388,895, which accounts for 20.2%. This means that
65.4% of the total number of persons leaving from airports uses these two airports. Other than Narita and Kansai airports, the order was Haneda Airport, 2,605,668 (15.5%) and Chubu Airport, 1,617,463 (9.6%).

On the other hand, among persons using seaports to leave Japan in 2011, the number of persons using Hakata Port, where scheduled passenger ships are operated to/from R.O. Korea, was 145,689, which accounts for 74.1% of the total number of persons leaving from seaports, and the number using Shimonoseki Port was 20,720, which accounts for 10.5% of the total. This means that 84.6% of the total number of persons leaving from seaports used these two seaports. Osaka Port, 9,184 (4.7%) and Yokohama Port, 4,958 (2.5%) follow these two major seaports.

## 2 The Number of Japanese Nationals Returning to Japan

The total number of returning Japanese nationals in 2011 was 16,921,103. By period of stay in foreign countries after departure, the number of persons returning within one month after departure was 15,537,452, which accounts for 91.8% of the total. Among those, the number returning within ten days was 14,094,234, which accounts for 90.7% of those who returned within one month after departure.

This is because most Japanese tourists going abroad depart for purposes requiring a short period such as sightseeing and business return promptly. This trend has continued in recent years and no major change has been observed. (Table 15)

Airport landing examination

Table 15: Changes in the number of Japanese nationals returning to Japan by period of stay

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Period of Stay
Total	17,199,310	15,905,433	15,432,549	16,611,884	16,921,103
Within 5 days	10,125,098	9,344,449	9,341,903	9,904,585	10,039,111
More than 5 days to 10 days	4,370,202	3,935,729	3,613,776	4,002,339	4,055,123
More than 10 days to 20 days	1,066,490	1,007,021	897,894	998,258	1,054,248
More than 20 days to 1 month	356,190	342,367	298,834	347,066	388,970
More than 1 month to 3 months	566,805	560,726	529,070	542,196	588,327
More than 3 months to 6 months	316,000	319,749	324,165	314,762	323,218
More than 6 months to 1 year	268,808	270,411	290,320	258,013	256,264
More than 1 year to 3 years	113,569	111,398	124,015	124,335	119,588
More than 3 years	10,323	8,354	7,479	8,567	8,281
Unknown	5,825	5,229	5,093	111,763	87,973