Figure 1-4-7-1 ICT-introduction Effects in Medical Systems

System	EHR: Electronic Health Record System (including Receipt Computers)	Remote Medical Service (including Health Management Service)	Medical Institution Information System (including Ordering System, SPD, or PACS)	Others (Receipt On-line Billing System, Health Guidance Support System, Medical Web Service, Nursing-care Support System)	Total (100 million yen/ year)
Estimated adoption ratio (Present)	14.3% (Electronic Health Record) - (EHR) Note 1	5.7% Note 8: 2.2%	26.4% Note 13 and 14: 17.1% and 36.1%	Hospital: 96.5%, Clinic: 42.7 (Note 23: 13.2%)
Medical Expense	1 20	Avoidance of duplicated test or medication through information-sharing among medical organizations	Note 1	5 22	Avoidance of severity through disease control	80.8 & 188.4	1,043.1
2 18	Avoidance of malpractice through client records sharing	284.4	6	Hospital-stay-duration has been shortened because of availability of medical services at home	110.4
8	Improvement of QOL (Quality of Life)	379.1
Income / Expense	13	Improvement of Inventory Management	201.6	21	Streamlining of billing process and insurance-inspection process	57.3	1,292.6
14	Realization of filmless- process by digital systems (ex. PACS)	264.1
15	Realization of paperless process and labor-expense reduction by digital systems (ex. Ordering System)	766.3	23	Streamlining of health guidance	3.3
Social benefit	7	Reduction of hospital visits through medical service at home	114.3	4	Improvement of hospital work flow, and doctor appointment	3,202.8	3,317.1
Qualitative Effect	3 10	Quality-improvement and standardization of medical service through the utilization of data	12	Enhancement of medical service menu	17	Improvement of hospital flow	9	Elimination of information-accessibility gap between hospitals and clients
11	Reduction of data-loss-risk by on-cloud-preservation of data	19	Process-flow improvement for nursing-care service
25	Efficiency improvement of medical product-development through the utilization of medical records, etc.

Note 1: N.A. because of no estimation available for EHR adoption ratio. It would be calculated as 22.03 billion yen if 10% were applied for the ratio.

(Source) MIC "Research and Survey on Socio-economic Effects of ICT in Medial Service Sector" (2012)

Figure 1-4-7-2 Effects of EHR utilization

Based on the results of the poll conducted in the three target regions of "Health Information Infrastructure Development Project"

the following: as the EHR effects, the medical-treatment quality-improvement, the medication-teaching quality-improvement, and the medical-transaction efficiency-improvement are favorably listed (Figure 1-4-7-2). In addition, the project is positively evaluated as follows: the overlap of medical tests is eliminated by EHR; the access to the EHR is increased before some types of health checks, by patients who want to know their own diagnosis and medication for the confirmation of their health conditions; on the other hand, it is pointed out as important that, for the EHR to be widely used, evidence of EHR effects should be accumulated, and the development of operation models should be continued.

### 8. National ID System: Promises and Challenges

## (1) State of the social security number system and the national ID system in Japan

Social security/tax number systems, based on the premise that they assure accurate personal-identification, aim to construct a social infrastructure supporting residents' life through utilizing, in the administration of social security or taxation, the information on the residents' income and other information collected through "my number" assigned to each of the residents, and at