Sectors	Sector-Specific Development Policies and Initiatives	Outline
Environment	Initiative to Assist Developing Countries with the Preservation of Biodiversity (“Life in Harmony” Initiative), announced at the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD/COP10) (October 2010) http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/sector/environment/action.html	Japan will provide assistance of US$2 billion over three years beginning in 2010 in fields which contribute to the preservation of biodiversity, for the purpose of assisting the efforts of developing countries toward meeting the post-2010 targets (Aichi Target) agreed on at CBD/COP10. [Priority Areas] (1) Conservation of ecosystem Promote adequate preservation and management of protected areas and pursue a balance between ensuring the livelihood of the people in developing countries and conserving the natural environment. (2) Sustainable use of natural resources Halt biodiversity loss caused by the excessive use of natural resources. (3) Access to and benefit sharing of genetic resources Explore the value of genetic resources in developing countries and expand sharing of benefits of using genetic resources.
Trade and Investment	Development Initiative for Trade 2009, announced at the Second Global Review Meeting on Aid for Trade (2009) http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/svm/remark0907.html	As Aid for Trade, Japan will: (1) Provide US$12 billion through bilateral assistance for trade-related projects and technical assistance for 40,000 persons in total including dispatching specialists and accepting research fellows, from 2009 to 2011. (2) Initiate an overall review of the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) in consideration of the current situation of trade with developing countries. (3) Make proactive contributions to trade related fields, including efforts to make Aid for trade more effective, fight against protectionism, and trade finance.
Disaster Risk Reduction	Initiative for Disaster Reduction through ODA, announced at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (2005) http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/conf0501-2.pdf	(1) Raising the priority attached to disaster reduction (2) Perspective of human security (3) Gender perspective (4) Importance of assistance regarding software (5) Mobilization of Japan’s experience, expertise and technology (6) Mobilization and dissemination of locally available and suitable technology (7) Promoting partnerships with various stakeholders

## Section 3 List of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)

As of the end of Dec 2010

Region	Number of cases	Country
Countries which have reached the Completion Point $ ^{(1)} $ (32 countries)	Africa	26	Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
Middle East	1	Afghanistan
Latin America and the Caribbean	5	Bolivia, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua
Countries which have reached the Decision Point $ ^{(2)} $ (4 countries)	Africa	4	Chad, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea
Countries which have not reached the Decision Point $ ^{(2)} $ (4 countries)	Africa	3	Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan
Asia	1	Kyrgyzstan

$ ^{*1} $ Debt relief will be provided to HIPCs that reached the Decision Point as mid-phase relief. A new economic and social reform program will then be implemented as a second phase. If the country is acknowledged as having demonstrated favorable achievements, it will reach the Completion Point of the Enhanced HIPC Initiative and comprehensive debt relief measures will be provided.