around 3.6 times between 1965 and 2007. Looking at a share of each energy source in the domestic primary energy supply, the dependence on oil has declined in recent years and natural gas instead increased the share in energy supply (Figure Int.-2-17). The

Table Int.-2-1 List of Renewable Energy Introduction Targets for 2020

Country	Ratio of renewable energy
2005-2006 results	2020 targets
Denmark $ * $	17%	30%
Germany $ * $	6%	18%
Spain $ * $	9%	20%
France $ * $	10%	23%
Italy $ * $	5%	17%
Netherlands $ * $	2%	14%
Austria $ * $	23%	34%
Finland $ * $	29%	38%
Sweden $ * $	40%	49%
United Kingdom $ * $	1%	15%
Total for 27 EU member states $ * $	9%	20%
China	8%	15%
Egypt	4%	14%
Brazil	43%	—
India	31%	—
Indonesia	3%	15% (by 2025)
Thailand	4%	8% (by 2011)
Japan	3%	—
Korea	1%	5% (by 2011)
United States	5%	—
Canada	16%	—

Note: Figures for EU countries states are marked with the 2005 results for the ratio of renewable energy to final energy consumption.

Figures for other countries are the 2006 results for the ratio of renewable energy to the primary energy supply.

Source: Prepared by the Ministry of the Environment based on a document adopted by European Parliament and "Renewables 2007 Global Status Report"

component ratio of hydropower and new energy, geothermal power, etc., primarily comprising renewable energy (excluding private power generation of 1,000 kw or less), has not changed much since 1990.

Regarding Japan’s future energy supply, the government is currently reviewing the Basic Energy Plan by taking into account measures to cope with global warming and the new growth strategy.

## (5) Land: progression of deforestation and desertification

The population growth and the resultant increase in production activities have brought about major changes in land use. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) report noted the cultivation of about one-fourth of all land on the earth as the biggest change in the ecosystem structure, and pointed out that more land has been cultivated during the 30 years from 1950 than in the 150 years between 1700 and 1850. As of 2005, 12% of all land area was in use as farmland, an increase of some 1.7 percentage points over 2000.

While land for agricultural use has increased, the forest area has dwindled markedly. According to the U.N. Environment Program (UNEP), since the arrival of the climate of the modern age, around half of the original forests that existed since before the spread of the impact of humans disappeared due to human activities (Figure Int.-2-18). Given that the remnant forests cover about 30% of the total land area, we can assume that from the viewpoint of forest exploitation alone, forests equivalent to about 30% of the total land area have been utilized and lost. UNEP traces this loss of forests to human activities, including agriculture, raising livestock and tree trimming for lumber and fuel as well as the expansion of densely-populated areas.

Going forward, if meat and fish are more favored in dietary habits as income levels rise in tandem with economic growth of developing countries, more land and water resources become necessary than production

Note 1: The calculation method for figures in Comprehensive Energy Statistics was changed in FY1990.

2: Comprehensive Energy Statistics does not cover private power generation of 1,000 kw or less.

Source: Prepared by the Ministry of the Environment based on the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, "Comprehensive Energy Statistics"