Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
(Changes in the Biomass and Resource Status of Major Fish Species Subject to TAC)

☐ The total biomass of major fish species subject to the total allowable catch (TAC) has been relatively unchanged recently.

○ However, when focusing on the levels and trends of resources by species, many species are found to remain at low levels. Accordingly, further resource management efforts are required in the future.

Source: Compiled based on "Assessment of Fishery Resources in Japan's Surrounding Waters" by Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research Agency, etc.

Changes in the Resource Assessment Results for Species Subject to TAC

Species	Stock	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Sardine	Pacific stock
Tsushima warm current stock
Horse mackerel	Pacific stock
Tsushima warm current stock
Common mackerel	Pacific stock
Tsushima warm current stock
Spotted mackerel	Pacific stock
East China Sea stock
Saury	Northwestern Pacific stock
Alaska pollack	Northern Sea of Japan stock
Nemuro Strait
Southern Okhotsk Sea stock
Pacific stock
Snow crab	Sea of Japan stock
Okhotsk Sea stock	Unknown
Northern Pacific stock	—	Unknown	Unknown
Western Hokkaido stock	—	—	—	Unknown
Japanese common squid	Winter stock
Autumn stock

Source: Compiled based on "Assessment of Fishery Resources in Japan's Surrounding Waters" by Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research Agency, etc.

Note: ☐ High level ☐ Medium level ☐ Low level

Marine Eco-Label Japan: A Sign of Proper Resource Management That Links Producers and Consumers

Since consumers have few opportunities to learn about the resource management carried out at the fishing ground, there have been active moves among producers to acquire an eco-label certification indicating that their fishery products have been caught with fishing methods that enable sustainable use of fishery resources.

海のエコラベル

持続可能な漁業で擁られた

水産物

MSC認証

www.msc.org/jp
(4) Japan's International Relationships Concerning Fisheries

○ In the fishery product trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO), trade rules that contribute to the sustainable use of fishery resources, which are limited natural resources, need to be established given the stagnant status of the world's fishery resources.

○ Japan has concluded bilateral fishery agreements with South Korea, China, and Russia, and fishery activities can be conducted in each other's exclusive economic zones under predetermined conditions. Also, the operations of Japanese fishing vessels are secured through the conclusion of bilateral intergovernmental agreements and/or private-sector agreements on fisheries with Pacific island countries.

## (5) Situation Surrounding Marine Environment, etc

(Global warming and fisheries)

○ According to a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), increased global warming is predicted to cause various phenomena, including frequent bleaching and extensive death of coral, a decrease in sea ice coverage both in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, and a rise in sea level caused by thermal expansion of the ocean.

A rise in the sea surface temperature has also been reported in waters around Japan, causing concerns about the impact of marine environment on biodiversity, such as the fishing grounds for migratory species, including saury, moving to the north, and the expanding distribution of southern-type algae.

Long-Term Trends in Average Sea Surface Temperatures in Water around Japan (Annual Average) (°C/100 years)

The annual average seawater temperatures in waters around Japan—in Kyushu and Okinawa waters, the central and southern Sea of Japan, and waters south of Japan—are rising at a rate of $ 0.7-1.7^{\circ} $ C per 100 years. This is 1.4 to 3.4 times the rate of annual average sea surface temperature rise of $ 0.5^{\circ} $ C for all seas.

The rise in water temperatures may not be attributed solely to global warming since the waters in question are small in area and thus are prone to be influenced by natural fluctuations. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the rise in sea surface temperatures in waters around Japan exceeds the world average.

Source: “2009 Marine Health Examination—Long-Term Trends in Sea Surface Temperatures (in Seas off Japan),” Japan Meteorological Agency

(Tsunami damage caused by an earthquake originating off the coast of central Chile)

A tsunami hit Japan as a result of an earthquake that originated off the coast of central Chile at 15:34, on February 27, 2010 (JST). Aquaculture facilities for wakame seaweed, scallops, and oysters were damaged, particularly those on the Pacific coast in the Tohoku region.

○ Required measures, such as damage assessment and payment of insurance money, have been taken in order to help the affected fishery operators recover at an early stage.

Raft-type aquaculture facilities drifting after the tsunami (Iwate Prefecture)
(Fishery damage by alien fish species and common cormorants)

☐ Fishery damage by common cormorants and alien fish species, including black bass and bluegill, has become a problem. The national and prefectural governments and related organizations have cooperated to promote countermeasures such as prevention or elimination.

(Status of recreational fishing)

☐ Fishing is an opportunity to increase one's interest in and understanding of the sea, fish, and fisheries.

☐ Since a higher rate of resources are used in recreational fishing regarding some species than in fisheries, fishers' cooperation in resource management is essential.

☐ In order to prevent recreational fishers from having accidents, steps need to be taken to raise their awareness and disseminate information about the observance of rules and manners for marine use.

Changes in Population Participating in Leisure Activities Related to Recreational Fishing

Source: "White Paper of Leisure," Japan Productivity Center.

(Conservation of seagrass and seaweed beds and tidalflats)

○ While seagrass and seaweed beds serve as important spawning and nursery grounds for aquatic animals, with a rise in water temperature, seagrass and seaweeds have decreased and isoyake (rocky-shore denudation) has occurred, which is a phenomenon where the beds become covered with crustose coralline algae.

○ The government finalized the guidelines for countermeasures against isoyake, identifying causes and summarizing concrete countermeasures, and promoted efforts to create seagrass and seaweed beds.

Seaweed Beds Recovered from Isoyake Following Efforts Led by Fishers

(Holding of COP 10 of the Convention on Biological Diversity)

The main themes for the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) to the Convention on Biological Diversity, which is to be held in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture in October 2010 include "a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss." Japan needs to actively disseminate information both within and outside Japan about Japan's fishery industry, which is contributing to biodiversity conservation around Japan.
# Prize Winners in the FY2009 Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Festival (Fishery Section)

[Awarded the Emperor's Cup]

Youth Division, Toushi Branch, Toba Isobe Fisheries Cooperative (Representative: Masayuki Hashimoto) Toba City, Mie Prefecture

Amidst a decrease in the catch volume of abalone and turban shell due to a loss of Arame (algae: Eisenia bicyclis) beds caused by isoyake, the youth division of the fisheries cooperative strove to restore Arame through trial and error while cutting costs by acquiring diver's licenses themselves and other measures. As a result, they established a method to plant Arame on natural stones and a method to prevent feeding damage by predators such as rabbitfish. Such methods are expected to be spread to other areas that also face the isoyake problem.

[Awarded the Prime Minister's Prize]

Fukutoku Taisei Co., Ltd.

(Representative: Yoshikazu Ota) Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture

Fukutoku Co., Ltd. developed a new product that offers the flavors of both fresh fish and minced fish by employing a new idea and technology to marinate, in vinegar, gizzard shad, which had been traded at a low price due to its rapidly losing freshness, and to combine it with minced pike eel and golden threadfin bream.

[Awarded the President's Prize of the Japan Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Promotion Association]

Mebaru, a group founded by women in a fishing community

(Representative: Masako Kuwahara) Saiki City, Oita Prefecture

From a desire to create a link between fishers and meals for consumers, women in the fishing community started to conduct direct sales of fishery products via a live-fish truck, and to manufacture and sell a local traditional dish called gomadashi, using fresh fish. They succeeded in establishing a new distribution style and starting a profitable business.
## O Fisheries Policy for FY2010 (Executive Summary)

Based on the Basic Plan for Fishery Policy developed in March 2007, the government will work to recover fishery resources through the promotion of resource management and the conservation of seagrass/seaweed beds and tidelands, as well as take countermeasures against fishery damage by harmful organisms such as giant jellyfish. In addition, the government will achieve stability in fishery business management by taking measures to mitigate the impacts of a decrease in income and of fluctuations in the costs of materials such as fuel oil.

## I Promoting the recovery and management of fishery resources that remain at low levels

1. Promoting surveys and research on fishery resources

2. Resource management in Japan’s exclusive economic zone, etc.

3. Promoting international resource management in waters, including the high seas

4. Maintaining and developing overseas fishing grounds and promoting international cooperation

5. Improving the growing environment for aquatic animals and plants in marine and inland waters and promoting aquaculture

☐ The government will promote the development and dissemination of technology for recycling fishery-related materials, support for collecting large drifting materials from fishing grounds, and appropriate processing of drifting materials collected during fishing activities.

☐ The government will support efforts of fisher’s groups to take turns in suspending fishing operations and engage in activities that contribute to the recovery of resources and increasing the fishing ground productivity, such as conservation of seagrass/seaweed beds and tidalflats, and beach clean-up activities.

☐ The government will implement training at various locations nationwide to deal with large-scale oil-spill incidents and defray the costs required for controlling and clearing oil pollution caused by oil-spill incidents, as well as support programs to develop experts who can lead appropriate oil pollution control measures and support actions to prevent the spread of damage.

☐ The government will support activities for improving fishing grounds conducted by fisheries cooperatives, etc., such as cultivating the bottom of a lake where the fishing ground environment, including the quality of water and bottom sediments, has deteriorated, provided that such activities are conducted while verifying the effects produced.

☐ The government will promote such measures against giant jellyfish and other harmful organisms as the identification of the infestation status and provision of such information, extermination, introduction of improved fishing gear, and disposal of collected jellyfish on land, as well as conduct experiments of effective methods to drive away sea lions, such as systematic mass repelling.

Conservation and Damage Control of Fishing Grounds
II Fostering and securing internationally competitive fishery operators and developing a vigorous fishery employment structure

1. Intensifying measures to foster and secure internationally competitive fishery operators

○ In order to mitigate the impact of a sharp price hike of fuel oil or compound feed on business management, the government will build a safety net wherein fishery/aquaculture operators and the government contribute money, and compensation is provided to the fishery operators and aquaculture operators who have made the contribution, when the price of fuel oil or compound feed rises beyond a predetermined level.

Business Management Stability Measure for Responding to Price Fluctuations of Fishery Fuel Oil and Aquaculture Compound Feed

Business management stability is achieved by providing compensation out of money contributed by fishery/aquaculture operators and the government, at the time of a price hike of fuel oil or compound feed.

☐ In order to develop an environment where fishery operators, who will undertake the stable supply of fishery products, can actively work on business management improvement, the government will promote a business management stability measure (Tsumitate Plus) for mitigating the impact of income fluctuations on fishery business management, as an addition to the business management stability function of the current fishery mutual aid system. Tsumitate Plus targets fishery operators who systematically work on business management improvement with the aim to achieve efficient and stable fishery business management.

Fishery Mutual Aid/Fishery Business Management Stability Measure (Tsumitate Plus)

☐ In order to facilitate fund management by fishery operators, the government will take measures to establish special guarantee systems, such as those requiring no collateral or surety, for accessing fishery facility funds and operating funds, and to support the cost for subrogated performance to be paid to a guarantee insurance institution and reduce the amount of guarantee charge to be paid by fishery operators.

The government will also take interest-support measures that cover all or part of the interest for loans of equipment funds to be extended to fishery operators whose fishery business management plan has been approved and for loans of operating funds to be extended to fishery operators who are working on business management improvement.
Outline of Financial Measures

2. Promoting the rationalization of production, distribution, and utilization of fishery production materials

3. Appropriate operation of fishing insurance systems

4. Developing a vigorous fishery employment structure

## I II Developing processing, distribution and consumption measures to secure a stable supply of fishery products

1. Enhancing the sales capacity of production areas, and increasing the efficiency of and upgrading distribution

2. Increasing added value through fishery processing

3. Strengthening the retail sector

4. Securing fishery product imports and aggressively developing export strategies

5. Promoting the expansion of fishery product consumption and fish-eating education through the development of confidence-based networks linking producers to consumers

## I V Developing and disseminating new technologies to unlock the future of the fisheries industry

1. Developing and disseminating new technologies to meet workplace needs

2. Promoting effective use of biomass resources

3. Creating, protecting, and exploiting intellectual property

## V Comprehensive development of fishing ports, grounds and communities, and demonstration of multiple functions of fisheries industry and fishing communities

1. Integral development of fishing ports and grounds for the creation of powerful production areas

2. Developing safe, vigorous fishing communities

3. Promoting harmony between fisheries and marine recreation in marine use

4. Demonstration of multiple functions of fisheries industry and fishing communities

○ In order to revitalize fisheries in remote islands under less favorable conditions, the government will continue to provide grants to fishing communities on remote islands which are taking measures to increase their fishing ground’s capacity, such as releasing juveniles and monitoring the fishing ground, or are taking measures that leverage the ingenuity of the community.
Grant for Supporting Fishery Revitalization on Remote Islands

## System

A grant is provided to a fishery community (district) on a remote island which jointly engages in fishery revitalization activities led by a core group.

(1) Target area: remote island (an island near the mainland requires an approval of the governor)

(2) Grant target: fishing community or district

(3) Grant amount: 3.4 million yen/community (in the case of 25 households)

(4) Target activities: fishery revitalization activities

What are fishery revitalization activities?

(1) Formulating a community agreement

(2) Increasing the fishing ground production capacity

(3) Taking new measures that leverage the ingenuity of the community

Measures for increasing the fishing ground production capacity

Juvenile release, fishing ground management/improvement, planting, shore cleanup, fishing ground monitoring, etc.

New measures that leverage ingenuity

Development of fishing gear or fishing methods, launch of a new aquaculture business, development of high-added-value products, improvement of the distribution system, etc.

## V I Reorganizing fishery-related organizations

1. Reforming the management and business of fisheries cooperatives

2. Reorganizing other fishery-related organizations

## V II Other important measures

1. Promoting biodiversity conservation measures

2. Efforts to promote WTO negotiations

3. Efforts to promote economic cooperation, including economic partnership agreements (EPAs) and free trade agreements (FTAs)

4. Promoting the preparation and use of statistics that meet policy needs

## V III Efforts to promote measures on fisheries comprehensively and systematically

1. Building well-organized and easy-to-understand policy structures and securing transparency

2. Developing measures from the perspective of public interest, taking into consideration the viewpoints of consumers and citizens

3. Promoting the demonstration of originality and ingenuity of business operators and fishery production areas

4. Operating financial measures in an efficient and focused manner

5. Improving reform process control and measures, and building a system for promoting measures effectively and efficiently
## ・安全性に配慮した自転車利用空間整備

交差点での巻き込み事故防止のため効果が高い取組みとして，自転車の停止線を自動車よりも数m前に設定することが各地で積極的に行われている。（写真はデンマークにおける例）

## ③ 国民の自転車利用実態及びルール遵守状況等に係るウェブアンケート $ ^{*} $

インターネットアンケートにより，地域別年齢区分別人口分布に応じ，全国の18歳以上の男女2,000人（自転車利用者：1,500人，歩行者又は自動車利用者：500人）の回答を得た。

〈国民アンケートの主な結果の例〉

図表 自転車利用のルール（原則として「自転車歩道通行可」の標識のない歩道を通行してはいけない）の認知度及び遵守状況

認知度	知っている59.7%	知らなかった40.3%
遵守状況	常に守っている34.9%	たまに守らないことがある32.2%	しばしば守らないことがある32.9%

## ④ 我が国における自転車交通の安全性向上策について

② 及び③ の調査結果を踏まえ，我が国における自転車交通の安全性向上策として考えられる事項は以下の通り。

・保護者に対して，子どもの交通安全教育への参画機会の提供，子どもへの教え方の普及を図ることにより，保護者等による未就学児，児童等への反復指導を促進することが有効である。

・交通ルール・マナーの遵守を促すため，自転車乗用時の事故リスクを認識させるスケアード・ストレイト等の教育技法の活用が有効であり，自転車安全利用五則等について更に普及啓発を行うことも必要である。

・地域住民が主体的に参画し，まちづくりの観点や地域毎の事故，自転車利用実態を踏まえて，リスクの低い通行方法の検討や，自転車通行空間の確保を進めることが重要である。
15 ドイツ Federal Republic of Germany

人口	8,237万人 (日本の約2/3)	財政会計年度	1月～12月
一人当たりGDP	22,501米 ドル (2001年)	通貨	ユーロ
産業構造(GDP構成比) (2002年)	1次産業 1.1% 2次産業 28.7% 3次産業 70.2%	1米 ドル = 1.06ユーロ 面積 35.7万km² (日本とほぼ同じ)

## <2002年の経済>

2002年の経済成長率は、0.2％となった。これは、東西ドイツ統一以来2番目の低成長である。年前半には、2001年4～6月期以降の3期連続マイナス成長からプラス成長へ転じたものの、そのテンポは緩やかとなった。2002年後半は、株安、企業収益と景況感の悪化、消費マインドの停滞等に加え8月の洪水による生産、消費への影響もあって景気は減速し、弱い状態が続いている。失業率は2002年を通じて上昇基調を示した。輸出はアメリカを始め域外輸出の伸びが
ドイツの主要経済指標

90年代
(91~00年)	2001年	2002年	2003年
政府	OECD	MF	民間機関
実質GDP	前年比%	1.9	0.6	0.2	1.0	0.3	0.5	実質GDP
個人消費	同上	2.0	1.5	▲ 0.6	0.75	0.5	0.8	平均
固定投資	同上	1.8	▲ 5.3	▲ 6.7	1.0	▲ 0.5	-	0.6
鉱工業生産	同上	-	▲ 0.2	▲ 1.7	-	-	-	最大
消費者物価	同上	2.4	2.0	1.4	-	0.8	1.0	0.8
失業率	%	7.8	9.4	9.8	10.0	8.3	8.8	最小
経常収支	億二一口	-	10	489	-	-	-	0.3
(GDP比)	%	(▲ 0.7)	(0.0)	(2.3)	-	(2.9)	(2.6)	(24社)
財政収支	億二一口	-	▲ 575	▲ 762	-	-	-
(GDP比、年度)	%	(▲ 2.4)	(▲ 2.8)	(▲ 3.6)	-	(▲ 3.7)	(▲ 3.6)
政府債務残高	億二一口	-	12,328	12,828	-	-	-
(GDP比、年度末)	%	(53.6)	(59.5)	(60.8)	-	-	(63.7)

(出所) ドイツ連邦銀行。ただし政府見通しはドイツ経済労働省、OECDは"Economic Outlook"(2003年4月)、

I M F は"W or Ⅱ Economic Outlook"(2003年4月)による。

鈍化した。他方、内需が弱いことから輸入は前年比マイナスとなり、これによって貿易収支及び経常収支の黒字は増加した。

## <2003年の経済見通し>

2003年は0.5%程度の成長が見込まれる。政府は2002年秋季見通しで2003年の成長率を1.5%としていたが、2003年2月には早くも1.0%へと下方修正を行った。さらに、6大経済研究所の春季合同経済予測では、2002年10月の前回予測値1.4%から0.5%へ大幅な下方修正を行っており、当面景気は厳しい状況が続くとの見方が大勢となっている。

成長を支える要因としては、世界経済の回復につれて輸出が回復すれば、それによる企業及び消費者マインドの改善から投資や消費への好影響が挙げられる。

下方リスクとしては、このところの失業率の高まりや、それに伴う消費者マインドの悪化による消費への抑制的な影響などから景気回復を遅らせる可能性がある。また、企業景況感は2003年に入り改善の兆しもみられるが、水準は低く、長期化している投資の停滞からの脱却には時間を要する可能性がある。

## ＜財政政策の動向＞

ドイツ統一以来財政赤字が続いている。97年以降は一般政府財政赤字の対名目GDP比率を3％以内に抑え込んできたが、景気の低迷と法人税減税による税収減等から2002年には3.6％となり、「安定と成長の協定」で定めた遵守基準（3％）を超過した。ドイツ政府は、2006年までに収支を均衡させるとしているものの、2003年の景気回復力は弱いとみられており、税収の増加も期待できないため、厳しい財政運営を迫られるものとみられる。政府債務残高はここ数年、対GDP比でおおむね60％を維持しており、2003年にはわずかに上昇し61～63％程度になるとみられている。
# 官民でODA卒業国に協力 ～サウジアラビアの自動車技術訓練～

ジッダはサウジアラビア南西部にある経済都市です。ここに世界でもユニークな職業技術訓練学校、サウジ日本自動車技術高等研修所(SJAHI $ ^{*1} $ )があります。この研修所は、日本とサウジアラビアの官民 $ ^{*2} $ の協力により設立されました。

サウジアラビアでは石油などの豊富な天然資源を背景に経済が成長する一方、人口の半数近くを占める若者の高い失業率が問題となっています。これに対し、政府は労働力の半数を占める外国人を自国民に置き換えていくサウダイゼーション（サウジアラビア人雇用拡大政策）に取り組んでいます。こうした中、自動車保有率の高い同国において、将来的に自動車整備士の需要が見込まれることなどから、サウジアラビア政府の要請を受け、日本は2001年から政府開発援助（ODA）により協力を始めました。2008年にサウジアラビアがODA卒業国となったことを受けて、2009年9月よりJICAを引き継いだ経済産業省事業として、（財）日本国際協力センターおよび（財）日本国際協力システムを通じ引き続き支援しています。 $ ^{*3} $

SJAHIでは、2年間の自動車整備士カリキュラムでアフターセールスサービス分野の人材を育成し、卒業生は、サウジアラビア各地の日本車販売代理店整備工場で自動車の点検・整備や顧客サービスの仕事をします。この自動車整備士育成事業は2010年8月には7期生の約1,300人の卒業生を送り出しました。優秀な成績を収めた学生の中には、SJAHIのインストラクターとなる者もあり、その数も今では12人になり、SJAHIの将来の自立的経営を担うことが期待されています。

このSJAHIに専門家として派遣されているのが海藤茂さんです。海藤さんは1970年に日産自動車に入社後、シリアでアラビア語の研修を受け、社内では一貫してアフターセールスサービスに携わってきました。2006年に専門家としてジッダに着いたとき、「これでアラブの人々に恩返しができる」と思ったそうです。

しかし、海藤さんは、着任当初不安もあったといいます。文化や習慣の異なる国での指導の上、日本国内およびサウジ国内ではお互い競合関係にある自動車関連企業が、共同して支援体制を築き上げることへの気がかりがあったそうです。しかし、実際に現場に足を踏み入れ、サウダイゼーションという共通の目的に企業の利害を超え結束している日本車販売代理店の社長やSJAHI担当者および学校スタッフの皆を見て、「大いに勇気付けられた」といいます。そして、自らの使命を果たしていく決意を新たにしました。

2007年の国際技能オリンピックに、当時SJAHIインストラクターだったオスマンさんはサウジアラビア代表として参加し、好成績を収めました。オスマンさんは現在、ジッダ市内のマツダ販売代理店に勤務しています。当時をふり返りオスマンさんは、「終始父親のように親身になって熱心に指導してくれた海藤さんには、心から感謝している」といいます。

オスマンさんを含め、SJAHIの卒業生の技術と勤務態度はサウジアラビア政府と自動車業界から高く評価されています。新たに方針管理を導入し、新しい他メーカーからの専門家と一緒に指導体制を強化している海藤さんは「次はマネージメントの自立化が肝心だ。サウジの若者は鍛え甲斐がある」とサウジアラビアの若い人々に期待を寄せています。

故障診断機の使い方の指導方法を教示（写真提供：海藤さん）