Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
電源利用勘定
平 成 25 年 度 計 画 予 算 見 積 り
収	支	出
区	見 込 額(千円)	区	分	見 込 額(千円)
運 營 費 交 付 金	586,934	業 務 經 費	252,310
業 務 収 入	2,496	一 般 管 理 費	349,935
そ の 他 収 入	16,997
合	606,427	合	計	602,245
### Chapter III. Securing Safe and Pleasant Traffic

### Section 1. Traffic Situation in 2009

### 1. Situation of Traffic Accidents

## (1) Overview

In 2009, the number of fatalities from traffic accidents was 4,914, marking a decrease for the ninth consecutive year, as well as hitting the 4,000 mark for the first time in 57 years (since 1952). The number of accidents and number of injured have also gone down for five consecutive years, and the number of injured has dropped further from last year when it was below one million, the first time in ten years.

Number of accidents in 2009	736,688 cases (down 29,459 from the previous year (3.8%))
Number of fatalities in 2009	4,914 persons (down 589 from the previous year (4.7%))
Number of injured in 2009	910,115 persons (down 35,389 from the previous year (3.7%))
Number of fatalities within 30 days from the time of accident in 2009	5,772 (down 251 from the previous year (4.2%))
Number of drivers' license holders at the end of 2009	80,811,945 (up 364,103 from the previous year (0.5%))
Number of automobiles owned at the end of 2009	90,464,031 vehicles (down 363,229 from the previous year (0.4%))
Number of kilometers driven by the end of FY2008 (distance traveled by automobiles)	746.9 billion kilometers (up 16.8 billion kilometers from the previous year (2.2%))

Diagram 3-1 Trends in the number of Accidents, Fatalities, Injuries, Automobiles Owned, Driver’s License Holders, and Distance Traveled

Note: The number of automobiles owned and the distance traveled (100 million kilometers) are provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

## (2) Fatal Accidents Situation

- Among fatalities while bicycle riding, the elderly $ ^{1} $ occupy 37.0%.

- Youths $ ^{2} $ accounted for the highest number of fatalities caused while riding on two-wheeled motor vehicles, amounting to 30.9% of two-wheeled motor vehicle fatalities).

- Those over 75 years of age accounted for the highest number of fatalities caused while riding bicycles, amounting to 37.3% of the total bicycle fatalities).

- Those of over 75 years of age accounted for the highest number of pedestrian fatalities, amounting to 49.1% of the pedestrian fatalities).
Note 1: Indicates 65 years of age or over.

### 2. Reasons for the Decrease in Fatalities in Recent Years

In recent years, the number of fatalities have declined although the number of accidents and number of injured remain high. This is due to the following factors: a rise in the rate of seatbelt users bringing down the degree of injuries, a decrease in the number of vehicular accidents due to over speeding, a decrease in extreme and highly dangerous accidents; and a decrease in law violation.

## (1) Rise in the Rate of Seatbelt Users

In 2009, the rate of fatalities among non-seatbelt users was 13 times more than that of seatbelt users. Thus, wearing seatbelts can be recognized as contributing to reduce the number of accident fatalities. The rate of seatbelt-users has been steadily on the rise since 1993 and it is believed to be one of the factors in lowering the number of fatalities among automobile drivers/passengers.

## Diagram 3-3 Trends in Seatbelt User Rates and Fatality Rates (while on board) (2000-2009)

## (2) Decrease in the Pre-accident Speed of Vehicles

In 2009, the fatality rate in accidents involving high speed over 80 km/h was 49.7 times higher than that below 80 km/h. The decrease in accidents while driving at high speed is thought to be a factor that contributes to the decrease in the number of fatalities.
Diagram 3-4 Trends in the Number of Traffic Accidents by Hazard Perception Speed on Open Roads (2000-2009)

2: Hazard perception speed is the speed at the moment in which the driver of an automobile or moped recognizes the hazard posed by another vehicle, person, parked vehicle or object.

## (3) Decrease in Extreme and Highly Dangerous Accidents

In 2009, the fatality rate of accidents due to drunk driving and maximum speed limit violations in comparison with the overall level is 7.8 times and 18.8 times higher, respectively. The great decrease in vicious and dangerous accidents is seen as one reason for the decrease in the number of fatalities.

Diagram 3-5 Trends in the Composition Ratio and Number of Fatalities Caused by Accidents Resulting from Drunk Driving/Maximum Speed Violations (2000-2009)

Note 1: A value of 100 was set for 2000 in the index

2: Composition ratio of driving while intoxicated (speed limit violation) = total number of accidents caused by driving while intoxicated (speed limit violation) resulting in bodily harm (vehicle larger than a moped) ÷ total number of accidents resulting in bodily harm (vehicle larger than a moped) × 100

## (4) Observance of Regulations by Pedestrians

In 2009, the fatality rate of pedestrians in cases where violations were committed was 2.9% times of that in cases where violations were not committed. In recent years, the composition ratio of pedestrians to the number of deaths has also been on a decreasing trend, which is seen as a reason for the drop in the number of fatalities among pedestrians.

Diagram 3-6. Trends in the Number of Pedestrian Fatalities and Composition Ratio of Violations Resulting in Pedestrian Fatalities or Injuries (2000-2009)

Note 1: A value of 100 was set for 1999 in the index.

2: Composition ratio for pedestrian violators = number of fatalities or injuries of violators (pedestrians) + number of fatalities and injuries (pedestrians) × 100

3: The composition ratio for pedestrian violators does not include cases where the other party's vehicle is a light vehicle such as a bicycle.
### Section 2. Uplifting the National Traffic Safety Awareness

1. Police Efforts for Eradicating Drunk Driving

## (1) Activities to “Foster a Social Environment that does not Tolerate Drunk Driving”

In June 2009, administrative punishment for the drunken driving was enhanced, and thus traffic accidents by drunken driving decreased from the previous year.

The police actively publicize the reality of the dangers of drunk driving as well as of the accidents caused by drunk driving, and promote traffic safety education holding participation and experience type workshops by using driving simulators and drunk driving simulator goggles.

Additionally, they are requesting cooperation from relevant industries, including alcohol liquor manufacturers, retailers, and establishments that serve alcohol to deter drunk driving. The police also take part in promoting activities to “Foster a Social Environment that does not tolerate Drunk Driving” in cooperation with the private sector, such as encouraging people to participate in the “Designated Driver Movement” (Handle Keeper Movement) $ ^{1} $ which is being promoted by the Japan Traffic Safety Association.

Note 1: A campaign to eradicate drunk driving in which a person within a group of customers at an establishment serving alcohol is chosen (designated driver) to refrain from drinking and take the responsibility to drive the others safely back home, on visiting alcohol service establishments. This is done with the cooperation of the establishment serving alcohol.

Diagram 3-7 Trends in the Number of Drunk Driving Accidents and Fatalities (2000-2009)

## (2) Promoting the Spread of Substitute Driving Business as means to Eradicate Drunken Driving

From the viewpoint of drunken-driving extermination, sound development of substitute driving business is indispensable. From the point of view of eradicating drunk driving, wide promotion of substitute driving as the means for this is important. The police, in tandem with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, formulated the “Program for the Improvement of the Environment and Use of the Substitute Driving Services” to explore ways to improve customers’ convenience and safety as well as the sound operation of substitute driving businesses on February 2008, and advance measures to improve the safety and quality for the usage of these services.
Table 3-1 Trends in the Number of Authorized Substitute Driving Businesses (2005-2009)

Category	Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
No. of Authorized Businesses (businesses)	6,010	6,447	7,253	7,763	8,324
No. of Employees at Substitute Businesses (persons)	64,570	69,762	77,944	81,274	84,859
No. of Escort Car (cars)	23,817	25,332	28,002	28,347	29,531

## (3) Strengthening Drunk Driving Regulations

Toward eradicating drunken driving, the police continue to promote a strict crackdown on the provision of vehicles and liquor, and applying punishment regulations on sharing rides by solicitation and request.

Table 3-2 Trends in the Number of Cases Cleared for Drunk Driving (2009)

Category	Drunk Driving	Driving while Intoxicated	Crime of Providing a Vehicle	Crime of Providing Alcohol	Crime of Demanding / Requesting a Ride
Number of Crackdowns	954	40,847	200	70	854

### 2. Promotion of the Safe Use of Bicycles (1) Situation of Traffic Accidents involving Bicycles

Bicycles are a beloved method of transportation for the people of Japan; they are used by a wide-range of people for a variety of purposes. In 2009, there were 156,373 cases of traffic accidents involving bicycles, accounting for 21.2% of all traffic accidents.

Diagram 3-8 Trends in the Number of Traffic Accidents and the Number of Accidents related to Bicycles (2000-2009)

Category Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total Number of Traffic Accidents	931,934	947,169	936,721	947,993	952,191	933,828	886,864	832,454	766,147	736,688
Number of Accidents related to Bicycles	173,876	175,223	178,289	181,845	187,980	183,653	174,262	171,018	162,525	156,373

## (2) Preparing Environments to Handle Bicycle Traffic

The police are promoting the preparation of a traffic environment for bicycles by partnering with road administrators, establishing bicycle zones and modifying car roads to ensure that pedestrians and bicyclists can safely use and appropriately share roads, as well as promoting efforts to establish the networking of bicycle zones.

## (3) Promotion of Bicycle Safety Education

The police are partnering with local public entities, schools and bicycle-related organizations to promote “Rules relating to Traffic Routines” and “The Five Principles of Bicycle Safety.” The police are working to spread knowledge of bicycle traffic rules for such broad types of users as children, students, the elderly and housewives.

In addition, the police are creating a wealth of educational content by partnering with schools through participatory, practical bicycle training to children and students, by utilizing reenactments of accidents by stunt men, or bicycle simulators. In 2009, approximately 3.37 million people participated in the 31,000 bicycle education courses targeted at children/students and the elderly across the nation.

## (4) Strengthening of Guidance and Crackdown on Traffic Law Infringements by Bicyclists

Focusing on bicycle guidance/enlightenment priority areas/roads $ ^{1} $ , the police are strengthening guidance measures against bicycle riders that ride without
## 2 ) Thorough Wearing and Use of Seatbelts and Child Seats

The police have mandated the wearing of seatbelts for backseat passengers from June 2008, and an administrative punishment of traffic violation points will be incurred on offenders on the expressway. In a national survey conducted in October 2009 (joint survey by the NPA and Japan Automobile Federation (JAF)), the rate of backseat passengers wearing seatbelts stands at 33.5% on general roads and 63.4% on expressways. The police promote participatory, experiment-based, and practical traffic safety education by utilizing images of collision experiments or “seatbelt convincers” that enable people to feel the effects of wearing a seatbelt, thus facilitating the thorough wearing of seatbelts in all seats including the backseats.

In addition, for child seats of which the rate of use remains at 56.8%, as shown in a survey in April 2010, the thoroughness of proper use is being facilitated by providing parents with publications or instructions on proper installation at kindergarten or nursery schools.

## 3 ) Other Traffic Safety Activities

To raise national traffic safety awareness, the police provide various assistances. These include cooperation in announcing public activities such as traffic safety campaigns that are conducted by local public entities and other entities, workshops for the leaders of local volunteers who take initiatives in traffic safety activities to ensure efficiency, and provision of information on the actual state of traffic accidents.

Other than the above, various entities listed in Diagram 3-11 are developing activities to aim for traffic safety.
### Section 3. Measures for Drivers

### 1. Driver’s Education

## (1) System for Driver’s Education

Opportunities for driver’s education are systematically established at various stages in the license-obtaining process and after licenses are issued. The flow of this setup is as follows.

2: Persons who are 70 years old or over on the day of driver's license expiration are required to take courses for senior citizens. In addition, for those who are 75 years old or over are required to take preliminary inspection training (Cognitive Impairment Screening Test for Senior Drivers, and courses for elderly persons are held based on the result.

## (2) Enhancement of Education for Those Who Wish to Acquire a Driver’s License

Individuals who wish to acquire a driver’s license must take the driver’s license examination given by PPSC. However, those who have graduated from designated driving schools $ ^{1} $ are exempt from the skills test.

As designated driving schools play a central role in driver education for beginners, the police are striving to enhance the instruction given at driving schools through such means as improving the quality of instructors.

• Designated driving schools: 1,392 places nationwide (as of the end of 2009)

- Number of graduates who passed the driver’s license examination during the same year: 1,564,841 persons (95.9% of all passed persons).

Additionally, applicants for driver’s licenses are obligated to take lectures (courses to be given at the time the license is acquired) in order to learn the necessary skills and knowledge for safe driving according to the type of license sought. However, graduates of designated driving schools and specified driving schools $ ^{2} $ do not need to take these courses as they have received instruction on the same contents.

Note 1: Driving schools designated by the PPSC as meeting set standards for staff, facilities, and teaching methods.

2: Specified driving schools that provide training courses specified by PPSC as meeting set standards for staff, facilities, training methods, and so forth.
## (2) Improvement in Convenience of Procedures for Obtaining a Driver’s License

To mitigate the burden for citizens during the process of driver’s license renewal, policies and measures such as the following are being enforced: issuance of renewed licenses on the day of application; acceptance of applications on Sundays; setting up counters for renewing driver’s licenses at police stations; the omission of an ID photo from application forms; and the acceptance of renewal applications through Public Safety Commissions other than the area of the driver’s residence (limited to gold card (model) drivers).

In addition, for the benefit of disabled applicants/drivers, development and improvement of examination facilities, utilization of instructional video with subtitles, and implementation of academic examinations with hiragana readings for the kanji characters used in examination questions are among the measures being put into effect. Moreover, in order to individually assess whether persons with physical disabilities or chronic illnesses are capable of driving safely, the police assign staff with abundant expert knowledge and are working for the enhancement of counseling activities on proper driving. In particular, with the introduction of the preliminary examination, it is expected that consultation by examinees or their families on aptitude for driving or medical institutions where diagnoses of dementia can be given, will increase. As such, the police attempt to enhance the counseling system and secure counseling places.

## (3) License Administration Adapted to Internationalization

Individuals who possess driver’s licenses issued by foreign administrative agencies are exempt from a portion of the driver’s license examination under certain conditions. The number of driver’s licenses issued under the same conditions in 2009 was 31,316. The police also produced a video for traffic safety education for foreign drivers, making it more available. As such, the police are striving to enrich traffic safety education based on local circumstances.

## (4) Digitalizing Driver’s Licenses

The issuance of IC card licenses began in January 2007, and was introduced in all prefectures in January 2010. IC card licenses have the advantages of the prevention of forgery, as well as the protection of the driver’s privacy by eliminating the inscription of legal domicile from the face of the license and making it an electromagnetic record.

IC Card License
The police strive to make the flow of traffic smoother by analyzing data of the traffic volume and driving speed collected through vehicle recognition devices and other devices. Based on the analyzed information by traffic control systems, the police control traffic signals and provide traffic information.

The measures taken in concrete are as follows:

- Smoothing of traffic by controlling traffic signals in response to traffic conditions

- Guiding and dispersing the flow and volume of traffic by providing detailed traffic information

- Improving the convenience of public transportation by controlling signals to give buses priority and lowering the demand for individual vehicles

The measures described above and other measures are taken to effectively and safely control street traffic which has become highly complex and concentrated.

## (3) Traffic Information Provision by the Police

The police are making efforts to enable drivers to precisely ascertain the level of traffic congestion and the amount of time required for safe transit and pleasant driving by providing traffic information data gathered and analyzed by traffic control systems to the public at large. Efforts are also being made to disperse traffic to reduce congestion and accidents.

VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) $ ^{1} $ has been used as a means of information provisioning in addition to traffic information boards. VICS can display the real time situation of the road traffic which changes by the minute on the map screen with a system that provides traffic information through infrared beacons $ ^{2} $ to the car navigation devices installed in cars.

In addition, with the aid of concerned entities, the police are supporting private businesses that provide traffic information by means of mobile phones, the Internet, and car navigation systems through the construction of a system that provides real-time online traffic information. The police are also setting guidelines for the provision of traffic information so

that these businesses can smoothly contribute to safe traffic.
## (4) Environmental Measures through Traffic Control

## 1 ) Traffic Control for Environmental Measures

The police execute measures according to the situation of the traffic noise and vibration by restricting maximum speed to reduce the engine sound and vibrations by reducing the speed of passing vehicles and by restricting vehicles to use lanes closer to the middle lane to keep away large-sized vehicles with large engine sounds and vibration from the roadside.

## 2 ) Promoting Eco-Driving

Since the “use of cars in which the reduction of the environmental burden is considered (eco-driving)” is effective for environmental preservation and is expected to contribute to a certain extent to the prevention of traffic accidents, the police are trying to spread and promote eco-driving based on the “10 Tips for Eco-Driving” formulated in October 2006 by the Eco-Drive Spread Liaison Council. $ ^{3} $

## Note 1: Vehicle Information and Communication System

2: An infrared communication device which is installed on roads to perceive passing cars, to measure traffic loads and mediate the information between the on-board unit and the Traffic Control Center.

3: Consists of the NPA, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Ministry of the Environment.

Diagram 3 - 18 Ten Tips for Eco-Driving

1 “e-start” by putting foot on the gas pedal lightly	6 Warming up the engine properly
2 Driving with little acceleration or deceleration	7 Utilize road traffic information
3 Release the gas pedal early	8 Check outside air pressure in tires frequently
4 Refrain from using air conditioner	9 Drive without unnecessary baggage loaded
5 Stop idling	10 Attention to where you park

## (5) Promotion of Effective Traffic Regulations

Based on the actual traffic conditions of an area, the police are constantly working to inspect and review traffic control, and traffic regulations such as speed and parking. And in response to traffic condition changes due to road development, local development, new commercial facilities, etc., the police are working to maintain safe and smooth traffic flow by accurately understanding these and implementing comprehensive measures in terms of both software and hardware.

For speed regulations, existing regulation standards were created in 1992. Thereafter, the environment involving road traffic changed due to road development progress and enhanced automotive functions. Considering this, starting in fiscal 2006, the Survey Research Study Committee on How to Determine Speed Regulations (Chairman: Katsutoshi OTA, Professor, Toyo University) studied how to determine more rational speed regulations. In March 2009, this committee submitted its Survey Research Report on How to Determine Speed Regulations. In response to this report, the standards on maximum speed regulations for general roads were revised in October 2009. Based on these new standards, the police are actively inspecting the existing speed regulations.