Philippines, through which the Agency attempts to transfer the trustworthy attitude of Japanese policy and its techniques regarding inspections and crime identification. In addition, Japan provides equipment as grant aid for wireless communication systems, Koban, and equipment for criminal

## Legal and Judicial Development Project (Cambodia)

After the 20-year civil war, fundamental legal structures had not been adequately developed, and legal human resources were also extremely scarce in Cambodia. Japan began the Legal and Judicial Development Project in 1999. Drafting a civil code and code of civil procedure, enacting these as law with promulgation of the code of civil procedure in July 2006 and the civil code in December 2007, and drafting affiliated laws and ordinances by a combined Japanese-Cambodian drafting team were assisted in the project. Since 2008, developing affiliated laws and ordinances, strengthening the capacity of the Ministry of Justice and activities to disseminate new laws in the aim of appropriately applying both of these codes have been assisted. Japan is also supporting the fostering of legal human resources like judges and public prosecutors, and is working toward the realization of a fair judiciary in an integrated manner.

investigation activities. This has contributed in terms of ensuring safety for citizens by enabling the authorities to respond rapidly to calls from citizens, and the technology has been improved in the inspection based on physical evidence.

Cambodian civil code and code of civil procedure (Photo: JICA)

## (6) Response to Debt Issues

As long as the developing countries can maintain their repayment capacity by using the received funds effectively and thus ensuring future economic growth, debt is useful

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Such debt issues must be resolved by the indebted countries themselves by putting forward reforms and other efforts. However, their excessive debt must not stand in the way of their development path. As for the debt issue faced by the poorest countries, 35 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries HIPCs have become eligible for the Enhanced HIPC Initiative (Note 27) so far, and 24 of them had received comprehensive debt cancellation as a result of their achievement of economic and social reforms as of the end of FY2008. At G8 Gleneagles 2005, the G8 countries agreed on the proposal to reduce 100% of the debts that the HIPCs owe to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Development Association (IDA), and African Development Fund (AfDF) (Note 28).

in achieving development. However, if a country has little repayment capacity and becomes overburdened with excess debt, it could inhibit sustainable development.

Some low-income and middle-income countries, other than HIPCs, may owe heavy debts. To properly respond to such issues, in 2003 the Paris Club (Note 29) adopted the Evian Approach (a new Paris Club approach to debt restructuring). The Evian Approach examines measures that correspond to respective situations of low-income and middle-income indebted countries other than HIPCs, with focusing more on debt sustainability. The approach takes comprehensive debt relief measures for a country that has difficulties sustaining its debt, as long as the country meets certain criteria. Japan provides cooperation for debt relief measures through debt rescheduling (Note 30), cancellation, and reduction measures that were agreed upon at the Paris Club and other international frameworks.