Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## (2) 機動隊の活動

## ① 機動隊の種類と機能

都道府県警察には、集団警備力によって有事即応体制を保持する常設部隊として機動隊が設置されているほか、管区機動隊、第二機動隊等が設置されており、また、各種警察事案に対応できるよう機能別部隊が編成されている。

図5-12 機動隊の概要

集団警備力によって有事即応体制を保持する常設部隊

機能別部隊

爆発物処理班、銃器対策部隊、水難救助部隊、

レスキュー部隊、NBCテロ対応専門部隊 等

平常時には刑事、地域、交通等の勤務につきながら、機動隊に準じた形で警備訓練を行い、大規模警備等においては道府県警察を越えて広域運用される部隊

警察署勤務員等から指定され、機動隊を補完して警備実施に当たる部隊

治安警備訓練

## ② 機動隊の任務と活動

機動隊は、危機管理のための集団警備力の中核として、各種の警備に当たっている。また、機能別部隊は、その専門能力を生かした人命救助活動や捜査活動等に従事している。

## 図5-13 機動隊の活動

集団警備力の中核としての活動

○ 集団不法事案に対する治安警備

○ 主要な警衛・警護警備、災害警備 等

集団警備力の特性をいかした活動

☐ 繁華街、歓楽街等における集団警ら

☐ 暴力団対策や暴走族の一斉取締り等

機能別部隊による活動

☐ 爆発物事件等の現場における危険物の処理

☐ 海や山等での遭難者の捜索及び救助 等

治安警備

## （3） 雜踏警備

警察では、祭礼等の行事に際して多数の人が集まることにより事故が発生するおそれがある場合には、雑踏事故の未然防止を図るため、あらかじめ、行事の主催者や施設の管理者に対して必要な安全対策をとるよう要請しているほか、警察部隊の投入が必要と判断される場合には、所要の雑踏警備を行っている。

また、平成13年7月に兵庫県明石市で発生した雑踏事故の教訓を踏まえ、雑踏事故対策に当たり遵守すべき基本的事項の再徹底や雑踏事故防止のための体制の確立に努めている。

表5-12 雑踏警備に従事した警察官数の推移 (平成19～23年)

区分 年次	19	20	21	22	23
出動警察官(千人)	497	505	514	505	447

図5-14 雑踏警備の流れ

祭礼等の行事に際し、多数人が集まることによる事故のおそれ
# 警察活動の最前線

# 警備犬ハンドラーとして

ピーポくん

警視庁警備部警備第二課

おおむたよしつぐ大牟田義貢警部補

警備犬は、ずば抜けた敏しよう性と攻撃力、人間の約5,000倍以上と言われる嗅覚、10倍以上と言われる聴覚といった犬の特性をいかし、刃物や銃器等を所持している凶悪犯人の制圧検挙、警衛警護における行き先地での爆発物の捜索や災害現場における要救助者の捜索等を行っております。

平成16年10月に発生した新潟県中越地震では、まだ余震が続く土砂崩れ現場の急斜面の上を担当犬（レスター号）と共に懸命な捜索活動をした結果、約90時間後に自動車内に取り残された男の子の生存を確認し、救出することができました。あれから7年、当時2歳だった男の子が、小学2年生になり、その子が一生懸命に書いてくれたレスター号宛ての感謝の手紙が届いた時は、感無量であの時以上の涙が込み上げてきました。

昨年はニュージーランド震災派遣から帰国した後、東日本大震災が発生し、福島県相馬市に派遣されました。現場は想像を絶する悲惨な光景で、一人でも多くの生存者を発見しようと津波による倒壊家屋のがれきの間を懸命に捜索しました。

これからも、どのような現場にも対応できるよう、「相棒」の警備犬とともに訓練を積み重ねていきます。

# 被災者の期待に応えるために

フーくん ケイちゃん

大阪府警察本部警備部第二機動隊

あん どう ひろ し

安東 大志 巡查部長

昨年9月、台風第12号による水害が発生した和歌山県に出動しました。大雨が降り続く中、氾濫した河川の濁流で他と寸断された集落の家屋に被災者が取り残されており、その中に生後数か月の赤ちゃんを抱いた母親がいました。

三連はしご等の資材を駆使して全員を救出したものの、日没が刻一刻と迫る中、避難所までの山道はぬかるんでいた上に所々が激流です断されており、避難には相当な危険が伴いました。「女性が赤ちゃんを抱いたままでは無理だ」と判断した私は、自ら赤ちゃんを抱いて避難所まで誘導に当たることとしました。

途中、激流に足をすくわれ、赤ちゃんを濁流に落としそうになり

「無事に下りられるのか」と恐怖に体が震えましたが、腕の中で私

の服をしっかりとつかみ眠る赤ちゃんを見て「絶対にこの子を送り届けるぞ」と自らを鼓舞し、道なき道を進みました。避難所に無事到着し、母親に赤ちゃんを渡した時の達成感と母親の感謝の言葉は忘れられません。

私たちは、現場で必要な技術と判断力を養うため、重い楯と防護衣を装備して何十分も走ったり、ロープを使って高い建物の屋上から降下したりするなど、毎日様々な訓練をしています。今後も努力を惜しまず訓練に励み、被災者の期待に応えていきたいと思います。
# Japan's International Cooperation
# Japan's Official Development Assistance White Paper 2009

Japan’s International Cooperation

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Notes on the cover photo

A Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer (midwife) participating in a regional project for maternal and child health at Saithani Hospital in Laos.

(Photo: Shinichi Kuno/JICA)

Japan's Official Development Assistance White Paper 2009

Published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2-2-1 Kasumigaseki

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8919

JAPAN

Tel: +81-3-3580-3311

Printed in Japan on recycled paper

March 2010
Official Development Assistance (ODA) refers to grants or loans with relaxed conditions provided by public institutions mainly for the purpose of contributing to economic development and the improvement of welfare, which are directed toward developing countries and regions on the list of countries and regions for the receipt of aid created by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

ODA consists of bilateral assistance that supports developing countries directly and multilateral assistance that provides support through international institutions. Bilateral assistance can be divided into grants and government loans. Grants refer to assistance provided gratuitously to developing countries as “grant aid” or “technical cooperation.” Meanwhile, government loans consist of “loan aid (ODA loan)” that are premised on repayment by developing countries in the future. Multilateral assistance includes contributions to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and contributions and investments for the World Bank and so on.
# Japan's International Cooperation

## Global Financial and Economic Crisis and Assistance to Developing Countries

Global Financial and Economic Crisis and Assistance to Developing Countries .....2
Chapter 1 Response to the Global Financial and Economic Crisis .....4
Section 1 Enhancing Assistance for the Growth of Asia .....6
Section 2 Steady Implementation of Assistance towards the Doubling of ODA to Africa .....8
Chapter 2 Assistance to Afghanistan and Pakistan .....11
Section 1 Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan .....11
1. International efforts aimed at stability and development .....11
2. Japan's assistance to Afghanistan .....12
Section 2 Assistance for Pakistan's Efforts to Stabilize the Economy and Eradicate Terrorism .....15
1. Significance of assistance to Pakistan .....15
2. Friends of Democratic Pakistan Ministerial Meeting and Pakistan Donors Conference .....16
Chapter 3 Environment and Climate Change .....17
Section 1 Japan's Efforts – The Hatoyama Initiative .....17
Section 2 Specific Cooperation for Climate Change Measures .....18
Section 3 Other Cooperation .....19
1. The Fifth Pacific Islands Leaders Meeting (PALM5) .....19
2. Other Specific Environmental Cooperation .....20
## Part II

## Official Development Assistance in FY2008

Chapter 1 Japan’s Official Development Assistance in Terms of Disbursement .....26
Chapter 2 Details about Japan’s Official Development Assistance .....32
■ Section 1 Assistance Relating to the Basic Policies of the ODA .....32
1. Official Development Assistance Charter .....32
2. Japan’s Medium-Term ODA Policy .....33
3. Country Assistance Programs .....33
4. Sector-Specific Development Policies .....33
5. Priority Policy Issues for International Cooperation .....33
6. Rolling Plans .....33
■ Section 2 Measures for Each of the Priority Issues .....34
1. Poverty Reduction .....34
(1) Education .....34
(2) Health, Welfare, and Population .....37
(3) Water and Sanitation .....40
2. Sustainable Growth .....42
(1) Socio-economic Infrastructure .....42
(2) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) .....42
(3) Cooperation Between Trade, Investment, and Other Official Flows (OOF) .....45
(4) Agriculture .....47
(5) Policy Formulation and Institution Building .....49
(6) Response to Debt Issues .....51
(7) Cultural Rehabilitation and Promotion .....52
3. Addressing Global Issues .....54
(1) Environment Issues .....54
(2) Infectious Diseases .....56
(3) Food .....59
(4) Resources and Energy .....62
(5) Disaster Risk Reduction and Post-Disaster Reconstruction .....62
(6) Transnational Crime and Terrorism .....64
4. Peacebuilding .....66
(1) Iraq .....68
(2) Sudan .....69
(3) Unexploded Ordinance, Anti-Personnel Landmines, Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), Etc .....71
■ Section 3 Assistance for Each Region .....72
1. East Asia .....73
2. South Asia .....77
3. Central Asia and the Caucasus .....79
4. Africa (Sub-Sahara) .....82
5. Middle East .....86
6. Latin America and the Caribbean .....89
7. Oceania .....93
8. Europe .....97
Section 4 Operational Status of the Principle of Assistance Implementation.....100
Section 5 Formulation and Implementation of ODA Policy.....102
1. System for Formulation and Implementation of ODA Policy.....102
(1) Coherent Formulation of Aid Policy.....102
(2) Collaboration between Related Government Ministries and Agencies.....102
(3) Collaboration between Government and Implementing Organizations.....103
(4) Enhancing Policy Consultation.....104
(5) Enhancing Functions at the Field Level.....104
(6) Cooperation with Aid-Related Entities within and outside of Japan.....105
(a) Collaboration with NGOs.....105
(b) Collaboration with Private Sector Enterprises.....109
(c) Collaboration with Academia and Local Governments.....109
(d) Collaboration with Local Governments and NGOs of Developing Countries.....109
(e) Collaboration with International Organizations and Other Countries.....110
2. Increasing Public Participation.....113
(1) Broad Participation by Japanese Citizens from All Walks of Life.....113
(2) Human Resources Development and Development Research.....113
(3) Development Education.....114
(4) Information Disclosure and Transmission.....114
(a) Public Relations and Information Disclosure.....114
(b) Enhancing Dissemination of Information to the International Community.....116
3. Matters Essential to Effective Implementation.....116
(1) Enhancement of Evaluation.....116
(2) Ensuring Appropriate Procedures.....117
(3) Prevention of Fraud and Corruption.....117
(4) Securing the Safety of Personnel Engaged in Development Assistance.....118
## Part III

## Statistics and Reference Materials

Chapter 1. Japan's ODA Budget.....120

■ Section 1. FY2009 ODA Budget (Original Budget).....120
Chart III-1. ODA Budget.....120
Chart III-2. Trends in Japan's ODA Budget and Other Major Expenditures.....120
Chart III-3. General Account Budget.....121
Chart III-4. ODA General Account Budget (for the Entire Government).....121
Chart III-5. Breakdown of the ODA Project Budget.....122
Chart III-6. ODA Project Budget (for the Entire Government).....122
Chart III-7. Financial Resources for the ODA Project Budget and Expenditure by Type of Assistance.....123

■ Section 2. Project Budget for ODA-related Ministries and Agencies (Original Budget) and Project Outlines.....124
Chart III-8. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (General Account Budget).....124
Chart III-9. ODA Budget Changes for Ministries and Agencies (Project Budget).....124
Chart III-10. Project Budget (FY2009 Project Budget) and Project Outlines by Ministry and Agency.....125

Chapter 2. Japan's ODA Disbursements.....133

■ Section 1. Flows to Developing Countries.....133
Chart III-11. Flows from Japan to Developing Countries.....133

■ Section 2. Bilateral ODA by Income Groups.....134
Chart III-12. Bilateral ODA Disbursement by Income Groups (Breakdown by DAC Classification).....134
Chart III-13. Comparison of Bilateral ODA with Amount of Assistance and Amount of Grants for LDCs.....135

■ Section 3. Disbursements by Country.....136
Chart III-14. Breakdown of Bilateral ODA by Country and Type.....136
Chart III-15. Top 30 Recipients of Japan's Bilateral ODA by Type.....141
Chart III-16. List of Countries in which Japan is their Top Donor.....143
Chart III-17. Countries and Regions which have received Japan's ODA (disbursements up to FY2008).....144

■ Section 4. Disbursements by Sector.....145
Chart III-18. Bilateral ODA by Sector Distribution.....145

■ Section 5. Disbursement for Overseas Disaster Assistance.....146
Chart III-19. Emergency Grant Aid Projects (FY2008).....146
Chart III-20. Projects for Dispatch of Japan Disaster Relief Team and Provision of Emergency Relief Goods (FY2008).....146
Chart III-21. Disbursements for Dispatch of Japan Disaster Relief Team and Provision of Emergency Relief Goods (FY2008).....148
Chapter 3. List of Bilateral Assistance Projects.....149

■ Section 1. Bilateral Grants.....149
Chart III-22. List of Grant Aid Projects (grant aid for general projects).....149

■ Section 2. Bilateral Loans.....153
Chart III-23. List of Loan Aid Projects.....153

Chapter 4 ODA Disbursements to Multilateral Institutions.....155
Chart III-24. Trends in ODA Disbursements to Multilateral Institutions.....155
Chart III-25. Disbursements for Contributions, Subscriptions, etc. to Multilateral Institutions by Major Donor Countries (Top 5 Countries).....156

Chapter 5 Reference Material on Japan's ODA.....159

■ Section 1 Developments in Japan's Assistance to Developing Countries (April 2008 to November 2009).....159

■ Section 2. Japan's Policy on Official Development Assistance.....162

■ Section 3 List of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs).....185

(Reference)

Other Countries' ODA Disbursement.....186

■ Section 1 DAC Countries' ODA Disbursements.....186
Chart III-26. DAC Countries' ODA Disbursements (2008).....186
Chart III-27. DAC Countries' ODA by Type (2007).....187
Chart III-28. Share of Disbursements by Major DAC Countries by Region (2007).....188
Chart III-29. Grant Share of DAC Countries.....189
Chart III-30. Grant Amounts of DAC Countries.....189
Chart III-31. Grant Element of DAC Countries.....190
Chart III-32. Tying Status of Bilateral ODA of DAC Countries.....190
Chart III-33. Comparison of ODA by Major DAC Countries.....191
Chart III-34. Sector Distribution of Bilateral ODA by Major DAC Countries (2007).....191
Chart III-35. Share of Aid through Multilateral Institutions among ODA Total of Major DAC Countries.....192

■ Section 2. The Flow of Financial Resources from DAC Countries to Developing Countries.....193
Chart III-36. The Flow of Financial Resources from DAC Countries to Developing Countries (2007).....193
Chart III-37. Aid Disbursements by NGOs of DAC Countries.....194

■ Section 3. DAC List of Aid Recipients (Countries and Regions).....195
Chart III-38. DAC List of Aid Recipients (Countries and Regions) for 2008.....195

■ Section 4. ODA Disbursements from Non-DAC Donors Countries and Regions.....196
Chart III-39. ODA Disbursements from Non-DAC Donors Countries and Regions.....196
## Columns and Boxes

2 School Has Arrived! …36

— “Mobile Schools” in Egypt —

Farewell to the Guns …14

— DIAG Efforts in Afghanistan —

3 Improvement of Toilets ...39

— Sanitation Improvement Project in Micronesia —

19 Cleaning up the Town! …99

— Three Ethnic Groups Living in Harmony in Serbia —

16 Warm Blankets for Refugees …88

— Japan’s Assistance to Palestinian people —

5 Taking on the Challenge of Mountain Roads with Japanese Technique …43

— The “Stone Wall” Road in Nepal —

9 One Drop in the Great Mekong …53

— Judo Instruction in Laos —

20 Forest Management by the Locals

— Participatory Forest Management in the Philippines —

14 Greater Opportunities through Vocational Training

— Activities to Empower the People of Tajikistan —

8 Aiming for a Stable Society ...50

— Support for the Development of Legislation in Cambodia —

4 Constantly Supplying Safe Water

— Activities by a Trainee

Who Returned to Ghana —

11“Japan” Popular in Tanzania

— Supporting the Spread of Rice Cultivation from the Foot of Kilimanjaro —

13 Aiming for Police Services Trusted by Citizens ...76

— Police Box Operated by Women in Indonesia —

7 Stable Supply of Agricultural Products…48

— Project for Self-sustained Development in a Rural Village in Senegal —

15 Bringing Water to the Fields Quickly, Cheaply, Simply and Safely! …83

— A Project for Hand-Built Irrigation in Malawi —

18 Dedication Led to Successful Construction ...96

— Replacing Bridges in the Solomon Islands —

12 Safety through Innovation ...70

— Mine Risk Education (MRE) in South Kordofan State, the Sudan —
6 Urging Corporate Efforts for the Development of Industry…44

— A Story of an On-The-Job Senior Volunteer Making Great Contributions in Saint Lucia —

21 Helping People to Help Themselves

— Ms. Kurara Chibana —

17 Working Together for Better Techniques ...92

— Assisting Metal Press Techniques in Mexico —

## Box

1 Japan’s Assistance in the Area of Natural Environment Conservation

— For the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity (IYB) — ……24

2 Aid for Trade ……46

3 Science and Technology Cooperation on Global Issues 55

4 Food Security and Efforts by Japan

— The Promotion of Foreign Direct Investments in Agriculture

through a Public-Private Partnership Model — 60

5 Commitments for Improving Aid Effectiveness ... 112
## Charts

Chart I-1. Japan’s Efforts through the Growth Initiative towards Doubling the Size of Asia’s Economy .....7
Chart I-2. Impact of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis on Africa and Japan’s Assistance .....10
Chart I-3. Japan’s Assistance to Afghanistan (by Region) .....13
Chart I-4. Progress Chart of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (from UN MDGs 2009 Progress Chart and other sources) .....22
Chart II-1. ODA by Type .....27
Chart II-2. Trends in Bilateral ODA by Region .....28
Chart II-3. Trends in the ODA of Major DAC Countries .....29
Chart II-4. Per Capita ODA in DAC Countries .....30
Chart II-5. Ratio of ODA to GNI in DAC Countries .....30
Chart II-6. Trends in Japan’s ODA and as Percent of GNI .....31
Chart II-7. Conceptual Diagram of Peacebuilding .....67
Chart II-8. Bilateral ODA by Region (2008) .....72
Chart II-9. Japan’s Assistance in the East Asia Region .....75
Chart II-10. Japan’s Assistance in the South Asia Region .....78
Chart II-11. Japan’s Assistance in the Central Asia and the Caucasus Region .....80
Chart II-12. Japan’s Assistance in the African Region .....84
Chart II-13. Japan’s Assistance in the Middle East Region .....87
Chart II-14. Japan’s Assistance in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region .....90
Chart II-15. Japan’s Assistance in the Oceanian Region .....95
Chart II-16. Japan’s Assistance in the European Region .....98
Chart II-17. Breakdown of the Reorganization of the International Cooperation Bureau in FY2009 .....103
Chart II-18. List of Country Assistance Programs and Countries with Country-based ODA Task Forces .....104
Chart II-19. Grant Assistance for Japanese NGO Projects in FY 2008 .....107
GLOBAL FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Chapter 1. Response to the Global Financial and Economic Crisis.....4
Section 1. Enhancing Assistance for the Growth of Asia.....6
Section 2. Steady Implementation of Assistance towards the Doubling of ODA to Africa.....8
Chapter 2. Assistance to Afghanistan and Pakistan.....11
Section 1. Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan.....11
Section 2. Assistance for Pakistan's Efforts to Stabilize the Economy and Eradicate Terrorism.....15
Chapter 3. Environment and Climate Change.....17
Section 1. Japan's Efforts - The Hatoyama Initiative.....17
Section 2. Specific Cooperation for Climate Change Measures.....18
Section 3. Other Cooperation.....19
Part I
Assistance to Afghanistan and Pakistan

Photo: S. Sabawoon/JICA

The destabilization of Afghanistan and Pakistan must be viewed not as a problem solely of the two countries or the region, but as a global problem. Japan and the rest of the international community have actively provided assistance to prevent Afghanistan from reverting to a hotbed for terrorism. Also, the stability of Pakistan, a country which has been playing a critical role in the eradication of terrorism through its anti-terrorist clean-up operations in the regions bordering Afghanistan, is a key to the peace and stability of the region and the international community. The stability of Afghanistan and Pakistan is interrelated, and it is imperative that assistance be provided to the two countries taking into account regional linkages, which include the two countries, Central Asia, and Iran. In light of this, the Hatoyama administration identifies assistance to Afghanistan and Pakistan as one of the most important issues that the international community should tackle, and in November 2009 unveiled the New Strategy to Counter the Threat of Terrorism. Based on this new strategy, Japan will support the realization of stability and prosperity in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

## Section 1 Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan

### 1. International efforts aimed at stability and development

The conflicts which had been going on in Afghanistan for over 20 years destroyed the basic system forming the framework of the country including the foundation of livelihood such as economic and social infrastructures. International cooperation in the country has been underway, as a part of the efforts of the international community to eradicate terrorism following the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001. In 2004, a new constitution was established, and a presidential election took place. In August 2009, Afghanistan had its second presidential election, and in November of that year the reelection of President Hamid Karzai was affirmed. It is essential that the Government of Afghanistan and the international community work together to secure the stability and development of Afghanistan in the aftermath of the establishment of the new government, on such issues as the restoration of security, strengthening of governance, reconciliation with and reintegration of the insurgents, development of basic infrastructure, eradication of illegal drugs cultivation, and expansion of assistance to rural areas.

In March 2009, an international conference on Afghanistan was held at The Hague in the Netherlands. During the G8 Foreign Ministers' Meeting in June, a G8 + Afghanistan and Pakistan meeting and a meeting including a wide range of relevant countries and organizations were held. At the meetings, the international community agreed on the importance of regional efforts for the stability and reconstruction of Afghanistan.
### Chart I-3. Japan's Assistance to Afghanistan (by Region)

• Reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons

## Assistance for stabilization of border areas between Pakistan and Iran

• Construction of 62 schools, mine-clearance, support for refugees and internally displaced persons, community development, vocational training, food aid
support led to the provision of vaccines to a total of 40 million people and the construction of 50 clinics. Furthermore, Japan is implementing approximately 2,000 community-rooted projects across the country to support rice farming and rural development.

Afghanistan has gone from a stage of emergency humanitarian assistance to a stage of recovery and reconstruction assistance, and it is now gradually shifting to a stage of full-scale development assistance. At present, with the support of the international community, the development of Afghanistan is steadily being carried out based on the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS).

Furthermore, with a view to expanding assistance to the rural areas of Afghanistan, Japan has established a framework of Japanese Grant Assistance for Grass-Roots Human Security Projects to be provided to NGOs and others engaged in activities in the areas of primary education, vocational training, health and medical care, and sanitation, in partnership with Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) $ ^{(Note\ 6)} $ . As of October 2009, 58 projects in partnership with 12 PRTs have been implemented. In May 2009, Japan dispatched Japanese civilians for the first time to PRT Chaghcharan (Lithuanian-led) in Ghor Province. The civilians are carrying out a detailed study of the region's reconstruction needs, among other activities. Through these efforts, Japan is reinforcing its assistance to the rural areas of Afghanistan.

The security situation of Afghanistan remains severe, as a Japanese national who worked for a Japanese NGO was killed in August 2008. In spite of such situation, Japan is carrying out a number of assistance efforts in order to fulfill a vital role in the international community, while at the same time giving maximum attention to ensuring the safety of aid workers.

## Section 2

# Assistance for Pakistan’s Efforts to Stabilize the Economy and Eradicate Terrorism

### 1. Significance of assistance to Pakistan

After Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in May 1998, many donors, including Japan, scaled down their assistance to Pakistan. Foreign investment as well as remittances from Pakistanis living overseas also decreased. As a result, the economy worsened in Pakistan. However, in response to Pakistan’s decision to take counter-terrorism measures in coordination with the international community following the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, Japan decided in October of that year to discontinue the measures it had taken to date that reduced Japan’s assistance to Pakistan (suspension of grant aid and ODA loans for new projects, excluding emergency and humanitarian assistance and grant aid for grassroots projects). Furthermore, based on Japan’s Country Assistance Program for Pakistan formulated in February 2005, Japan has provided assistance to Pakistan for the development of economic and social infrastructure, such as electricity, transportation, and agricultural infrastructure, as well as assistance in the area of basic human needs,

Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada meeting with President Asif Ali Zardari of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan