Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## Japan's main disbursements of aid to Afghanistan

Support in enhancing Afghanistan's capability to maintain security	• Half year's salary for approximately 116,000 police officers
• Literacy education for police officers (3,000), training/instruction in Japan and Turkey
• Mine clearing of 90 km² area, anti-landmine education for 870,000 people
Support for the reintegration of former soldiers into society	• Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of approximately 60,000 former soldiers, disbandment of 737 illegal armed groups
• Collection of approximately 276,000 weapons
• Led the international community in discussing the reintegration of former Taliban and other soldiers
Development: Support for sustainable and self-reliant development	Education
Healthcare/medical care/water
Agriculture
Basic infrastructure
• Construction/restoration of over 700 schools, thus supporting more than 700,000 students
• Training of 10,000 teachers and literacy education for 10,000 people by JICA
• Literacy education for 600,000 people through UNESCO
• Construction/development of 15 vocational training centers
• Provision of vaccines for approximately 50 million people (polio, BCG, etc.)
• Construction/development of 77 clinics, provision of equipment to 100 clinics constructed by the U.S.
• Provision of 20 water supply vehicles, construction of 1,000 wells
• Rice farming project by JICA, which tripled rice production at the experimental station

Basic coursework at a girl's school as part of the "Strengthening of Teacher Education on Special Education" project (Photo: Raymond Wilkinson/JICA)

Laboratory technicians learn new testing techniques at a hospital as part of the “Tuberculosis Control Project” (Photo: Raymond Wilkinson/JICA)

Painting equipment provided by Japan as part of the “Project for Capacity Development and Establishment of Road Maintenance Management System” (Photo: Raymond Wilkinson/JICA)

## • Pakistan

Japan has conducted proactive aid activities since it announced it would implement fight against terrorism in cooperation with the international community following the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001. $ ^{19} $ Japan formulated its Country Assistance Program in February 2005, and has been active in providing focused on the social sector, infrastructure, agriculture, and the living environment. The Government of Japan and the World Bank co-hosted the Pakistan Donors Conference in Tokyo in April 2009, Japan announced that it would extend up to 1 billion in assistance to Pakistan over the next two years $ ^{20} $ . Furthermore, based on the New Strategy to Counter the Threat of Terrorism, issued in November 2009, Japan has steadily provided support exceeding 1 billion for a variety of initiatives for the stable and sustainable development of Pakistan, focusing on assistance for economic growth, macroeconomic reform, improvement of people’s livelihood by providing assistance in poverty reduction, and ensuring the stability of people’s lives in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province (formerly the North West Frontier Province) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas $ ^{21} $ (see page 109 for details regarding Pakistan).
## (2) Iraq

The international community has been providing assistance for nation building of Iraq so that the country could restore and maintain its peace and stability. It is extremely important that Iraq be rebuilt as a peaceful, democratic nation, not only for the people of Iraq and the Middle East in general, but for the peace and stability of Japan and the

##

At the International Donors' Conference on Reconstruction of Iraq held in Madrid in October 2003, Japan announced its financial assistance package totaling up to $5 billion. The package consists of $1.5 billion in grant aid for immediate assistance for recovery of living standards of Iraqi people and up to $3.5 billion in ODA loans to support medium-term reconstruction. Since then, Japan has steadily implemented that plan, disbursing approximately $1.67 billion in grant aid as of the end of FY2010. Japan has also provided assistance in boosting the capabilities of administrative officials and technical personnel in Iraq through training projects in a variety of fields. As of the end of FY2010, Japan determined to provide up to approximately $3.28 billion in ODA loans for 15 projects.

international community as well. Iraq is currently moving from a stage at which it requires emergency response to its immediate reconstruction needs to a stage at which it must engage strategically in recovery and development from a medium-term perspective.

In addition, when Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki visited Japan for a Japan-Iraq Summit in November 2011, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda announced that Japan would take the measures necessary steps to provide approximately ¥67 billion (approximately $750 million) in ODA loans for four new projects in the areas of oil, communications, and health. This assistance not only completes the final round of Japan’s support of up to $5 billion announced at the Conference held in 2003, but also involves new aid as well. Japan provides careful support to ensure that projects that are currently underway will proceed steadily. Japan intends to partner more

Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda meets with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki on his visit to Japan (Photo: Cabinet Public Relations Office)

closely with Iraq and other aid agencies to ensure that Japan's assistance is incorporated effectively into Iraq's medium-term reconstruction and development strategy.

In order to address Iraq’s debt problems, the Paris Club $ ^{*} $ reached an agreement in 2004 to reduce Iraq’s total debt of approximately 37.2 billion to creditor nations by 80% in three stages. Based on this agreement, an Exchange of Notes was signed between Japan and Iraq in November 2005, reducing Iraq’s total debt to Japan (Iraq’s top creditor) of approximately 7.6 billion by 80% in three stages. The debt relief was completed for a total of approximately 6.7 billion, with the final reduction in December 2008.

## $ ^{*} $ Paris Club
## (3) Palestine

The Palestinian issue is at the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict that has continued for more than half a century. Middle East peace is an issue that has significant impact on the stability and prosperity of Japan and the rest of the world. Japan supports a two-state solution whereby Israel and a future independent Palestinian state live side by side in peace and security. To promote this, it is essential to prepare for the nation-building through social and economic development of the Palestinian Territories, which belong to one of the parties of the peace process. Since the establishment of the Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority based on the Oslo Accords in 1993, the international community including Japan has been

##

From the standpoint of peace-building, which is one of the priority issues delineated in the ODA Charter, Japan has positioned its assistance to the Palestinians as one of the important pillars of its measures to contribute to the Middle East peace. In particular, Japan has been extending support to Palestinians exceeding $1.2 billion in total since 1993 to stabilize their livings and to ultimately achieve a Palestinian state in the future. The total amount of assistance makes Japan one of the major donors, following the European Union (EU), and the United States, etc.

Further, since July 2006, Japan has advocated the

## Map of the Palestinian Territories

## Palestinian Territories

Gaza Strip

• Area: 365 km² (approximately half the area of the 23 Tokyo wards)

• Population: 1.6 million

A scene in Gaza City in the Palestinian Territories (Photo: NPO Campaign for the Children of Palestine)

proactively extending assistance to the Palestinians.

Although Palestinian people continue to feel significant discontent and antipathy toward the Israeli occupation, many years of occupation have made them economically dependent on the Israeli economy as well as on aid from the international community. These circumstances make the achievement of Middle East peace even more difficult. Therefore, it is the most important to establish a self-sustaining Palestinian economy in order to improve the environment that will enable the Palestinians to negotiate with Israel on equal footing and move toward the true peace.

initiative for “Corridor for Peace and Prosperity”, as its unique mid-and long-term effort for future peaceful coexistence and co-prosperity between Israelis and the Palestinians. The initiative aims to promote economic development in the Jordan Valley area in the Palestinian Territories through the regional cooperation among four parties of Japanese, Israelis, the Palestinians and Jordanians. Currently, those four parties are working toward the establishment of an agro-industrial park in the suburbs of Jericho city in an effort to realize this initiative. In addition, Japan extended assistance to the Palestinians which amounts to around $100 million in FY2010.
## (4) Sudan

In 2005, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed to put an end to the North-South civil war which had lasted more than 20 years in Sudan. In accordance with the Peace Agreement, a general election was held in April 2010, largely in a peaceful manner. In January 2011, Southern Sudan referendum was held with more than 98%

##

Peace-building is one of important agendas of Japan’s diplomacy toward Africa. In particular, because stability between Sudan and South Sudan is directly linked to the stability of Africa overall, Sudan and South Sudan are among the most important countries in regard to peace-building. Recognizing this, Japan has disbursed over $550 million in aid to Sudan and South Sudan since 2005. Aid disbursed in FY2010 amounts to ¥8.588 billion in grant aid and ¥2.297 billion in technical cooperation.

In the future, in addition to continuing to provide of votes supporting Southern Sudan’s independence from the north, thereby determining the secession and independence of Southern Sudan. South Sudan became independent on July 9, 2011, but nation-building and the creation of a stable relationship between Sudan and South Sudan remain as issues to be dealt with.

support for the consolidation of peace, including support for disarmament demobilization, and reintegration into society (DDR of ex-combatants), Japan will provide assistance in a balanced manner to Sudan and South Sudan. Specifically, to the Republic of the Sudan, Japan provides aid for meeting basic human needs (BHN) and establishing infrastructure for food production mainly in conflict-affected regions. To South Sudan, in addition to the aforementioned support, Japan’s assistance focuses on development of infrastructure and governance.

Birth of a New Nation: South Sudan!

South Sudan is Africa's newest country. The civil war that had continued between the north and south in Sudan over 20 years since 1983 came to the end in January 2005. In January 2011, a vote was taken regarding the secession of Sudan's southern region, and on July 9 of that same year, the region gained its independence as South Sudan. However, internally displaced persons, destruction of the socio-economic infrastructure, the proliferation of weapons and landmines, the existence of many former soldiers, and other factors left wounds in the nation, so there are many issues that must be addressed.

(Photo: AP/Aflo)
## Assistance for Each Region

The challenges and problems vary according to the countries and regions. Japan works to resolve the problems faced by developing countries through ODA, taking into consideration the social and economic backgrounds of these problems.

Table III-7 Japan's Bilateral ODA by Region (2010)

(US$ million)

Type	Bilateral ODA	Total Net disbursement basis	Change from the previous year (%)	Total Gross disbursement basis	Percentage of total (%)	Change from the previous year (%)
Grants	Total	Loan aid
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount recovered	Total
Region	Grants provided through multilateral institutions
Asia	866.28	156.53	1,120.32	1,986.60	6,119.31	5,577.59	541.72	2,528.32	14.0	8,105.91	53.1	3.9
East Asia	424.57	17.18	881.77	1,306.34	3,881.79	4,389.80	-508.02	798.32	-29.6	5,188.12	34.0	-6.0
Northeast Asia	55.15	1.41	369.23	424.39	639.45	1,202.46	-563.01	-138.62	-159.7	1,063.84	7.0	-21.5
Southeast Asia	369.39	15.76	504.83	874.22	3,242.34	3,187.34	54.99	929.22	4.0	4,116.56	26.9	-0.9
South Asia	339.60	110.20	167.02	506.62	2,130.60	1,105.08	1,025.52	1,532.14	81.7	2,637.22	17.3	33.7
Central Asia and the Caucasus	82.39	9.45	39.86	122.25	106.93	82.71	24.22	146.47	-31.1	229.18	1.5	-17.9
Others	19.73	19.71	31.67	51.39	—	—	—	51.39	80.9	51.39	0.3	80.8
Middle East and North Africa	907.11	672.95	180.25	1,087.36	1,252.53	748.14	504.40	1,591.76	139.0	2,339.90	15.3	73.3
Sub-Saharan Africa	1,151.90	329.57	408.02	1,559.92	275.37	102.55	172.83	1,732.75	23.5	1,835.29	12.0	17.9
Latin America and the Caribbean	291.44	60.08	241.47	532.91	472.64	1,349.09	-876.45	-343.55	-340.9	1,005.55	6.6	37.2
Oceania	140.12	11.07	50.80	190.92	5.95	20.58	-14.62	176.29	57.6	196.87	1.3	51.6
Europe	9.46	0.81	24.96	34.42	198.03	51.94	146.09	180.51	8.7	232.45	1.5	10.5
Eastern Europe	1.85	0.12	4.73	6.58	121.88	42.68	79.21	85.79	51.5	128.47	0.8	36.7
Assistance encompassing multiple regions	99.27	38.14	1,462.68	1,561.95	—	—	—	1,561.95	0.9	1,561.95	10.2	0.9
Total	3,465.59	1,269.15	3,488.50	6,954.09	8,323.84	7,849.88	473.95	7,428.04	18.7	15,277.92	100.0	14.6

$ ^{*} $ 1 Figures for Grant aid include those provided through multilateral institutions that can be classified by country.

$ ^{*} $ 2 Includes debt relief.

$ ^{*3} $ Technical cooperation assistance encompassing multiple regions includes technical cooperation for which it is not possible to classify the region, such as the dispatch of survey teams to more than one region, subsidies for foreign student support organizations, administrative costs, and promotion of development awareness.

$ ^{*} $ 4 Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 5 Including assistance to Eastern Europe and graduated countries.
## Japan's international cooperation policy in Central Asia and the Caucasus Region

Table III-10 Japan's Assistance in Central Asia and the Caucasus Region

2010

(Net disbursements, US$ million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount recovered
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Armenia	11.88	—	0.92	12.79	67.60	2.94	64.65	77.45
2	Tajikistan	39.03	1.71	4.39	43.42	—	—	—	43.42
3	Kyrgyz Republic	13.87	7.49	9.63	23.50	—	0.34	−0.34	23.16
4	Uzbekistan	7.37	0.02	13.05	20.43	13.65	27.04	−13.39	7.04
5	Georgia	8.47	0.23	0.93	9.40	0.04	2.96	−2.92	6.48
6	Turkmenistan	0.16	—	1.39	1.55	—	2.49	−2.49	−0.94
7	Kazakhstan	0.72	—	4.90	5.62	24.94	32.37	−7.43	−1.82
8	Azerbaijan	0.86	—	1.99	2.85	0.71	14.57	−13.86	−11.01
Multiple countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus	0.03	—	2.67	2.70	—	—	—	2.70
Central Asia and the Caucasus region total	82.39	9.45	39.86	122.25	106.93	82.71	24.22	146.47

$ ^{*} $ 1 Region classifications are determined by MOfA.

$ ^{*} $ 2 Including graduated countries in total.

$ ^{*} $ 3 Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 4 “Multiple countries” refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.
Haiti

# “The Urgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Support Project for Haiti” Technical Cooperation for Development Planning (June 2010 - November 2011)

With its long history of political instability Haiti is the poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean, and half of the country's people are living on around ¥100 ($1.25) a day or less. In such circumstances the magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Haiti on January 12, 2010. The earthquake caused enormous damage, resulting in approximately 310,000 deaths and missing persons. Roughly 90% of the buildings in the city of Leogane, near the epicenter,

pions. Roughly 90% of the buildings in the city of Leogane, near the epicenter, were destroyed. To support Haiti’s reconstruction, Japan has provided emergency humanitarian assistance through the Japan Disaster Relief Team. Japan continued to aid Haiti through “the Urgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Support Project for Haiti” on the two pillars of “formulation of a reconstruction plan” to delineate a path to reconstruction, and “restoration of social infrastructure” to rebuild the living conditions. As part of this project, a part of the water supply network in Leogane was restored and water lines to eleven schools in the city were established, giving about 9,000 people access to safe water. In addition, it was determined that Japan would support the “Project for Rehabilitation of Urban Roads (Roads and Drainage) in Leogane, Haiti. Japan will provide seamless support for reconstruction of the affected areas.

Children using shared water faucets installed at a school (Photo: Yachiyo Engineering)

Japan's international cooperation policy in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region

(1) Cooperation that takes into consideration growing economies, securing of energy/mineral resources, and ensuring food security

(2) Support for the reduction of poverty and the elimination of disparities

(3) Addressing environment/climate change issues

(4) Support for disaster prevention in Central America and the Caribbean, which are vulnerable to natural disasters

(5) Promotion of partnership programs (triangular cooperation)

(Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Brazil)

(6) Promotion of the spread of the Japanese standard of digital broadcasting (10 Latin American countries)
2010

(Net disbursements, US$ million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount recovered
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Panama	0.81	—	6.16	6.97	102.83	7.98	94.86	101.83
2	Haiti	70.11	59.83	1.87	71.98	—	—	—	71.98
3	Costa Rica	19.13	—	6.26	25.39	53.97	15.62	38.35	63.74
4	Bolivia	35.94	—	18.68	54.62	—	0.42	-0.42	54.20
5	Guatemala	15.25	—	11.40	26.65	24.87	10.28	14.59	41.24
6	Argentina	0.45	—	11.46	11.91	32.08	3.66	28.42	40.33
7	Nicaragua	24.50	—	9.87	34.37	—	—	—	34.37
8	Honduras	6.83	—	9.21	16.04	—	—	—	16.04
9	Chile	8.63	—	8.43	17.06	—	1.15	-1.15	15.91
10	Uruguay	9.41	—	4.16	13.57	—	2.21	-2.21	11.36
11	El Salvador	19.54	—	11.40	30.93	0.07	22.25	-22.18	8.75
12	Belize	5.94	—	1.52	7.46	—	—	—	7.46
13	Antigua and Barbuda	6.28	—	0.48	6.76	—	—	—	6.76
14	Guyana	5.43	—	1.11	6.54	—	—	—	6.54
15	Grenada	5.76	—	0.09	5.84	—	—	—	5.84
16	Cuba	0.64	—	4.51	5.16	—	—	—	5.16
17	Venezuela	0.78	—	2.36	3.14	—	—	—	3.14
18	Dominica	2.08	—	0.67	2.75	—	—	—	2.75
19	Saint Lucia	0.84	—	1.71	2.55	—	—	—	2.55
20	Barbados	1.13	—	0.06	1.20	—	—	—	1.20
21	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	—	—	0.87	0.87	—	—	—	0.87
22	Saint Christopher and Nevis	0.11	—	0.60	0.72	—	—	—	0.72
23	Trinidad and Tobago	—	—	0.07	0.07	—	—	—	0.07
24	Suriname	—	—	0.01	0.01	—	—	—	0.01
25	Dominican Republic	1.59	—	10.32	11.91	—	13.82	-13.82	-1.91
26	Jamaica	0.18	—	3.67	3.86	14.91	20.89	-5.98	-2.12
27	Paraguay	15.64	—	17.95	33.59	12.57	49.89	-37.32	-3.73
28	Ecuador	13.79	—	9.19	22.98	—	28.22	-28.22	-5.23
29	Colombia	3.71	0.14	9.33	13.04	—	39.20	-39.20	-26.16
30	Mexico	0.01	—	14.26	14.27	—	61.00	-61.00	-46.73
31	Brazil	6.25	—	32.64	38.89	0.02	101.57	-101.54	-62.65
32	Peru	9.77	—	18.26	28.03	231.30	970.94	-739.64	-711.61
Multiple countries in Latin America and the Caribbean	0.88	0.10	12.89	13.77	—	—	—	13.77
Latin America and the Caribbean region total	291.44	60.08	241.47	532.91	472.64	1,349.09	-876.45	-343.55

$ ^{*} $ 4 “Multiple countries” refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.

$ ^{*} $ 3 Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 1 Region classifications are determined by MOFA.

$ ^{*} $ 2 Including graduated countries in total.
## Japan's international cooperation policy in the Europe Region

Table III-15 Japan’s Assistance in the Europe Region

(Net disbursements, US$ million)

Rank	Country or region	Grants	Total	Loan aid	Total	Total
Grant aid	Technical cooperation	Amount disbursed	Amount recovered
Grants provided through multilateral institutions
1	Ukraine	1.06	—	3.38	4.44	48.73	—	48.73	53.17
2	Former Yugoslavia	0.43	—	1.37	1.81	24.22	2.98	21.24	23.05
3	Republic of Macedonia	—	—	4.87	6.05	—	0.88	-0.88	5.18
4	Serbia	1.18	0.34	2.83	3.22	3.09	3.87	-0.78	2.44
5	Albania	0.39	—	2.69	3.67	0.10	1.53	-1.44	2.24
6	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.98	—	2.69	3.67	0.10	1.53	-1.44	2.24
7	Croatia	1.61	—	0.27	1.88	—	—	—	1.88
8	Belarus	1.01	—	0.38	1.39	—	—	—	1.39
9	Kosovo	0.15	—	0.93	1.08	—	—	—	1.08
10	Moldova	0.24	—	0.69	0.93	—	—	—	0.93
Montenegro	0.22	—	0.65	0.87	—	—	—	0.87
Multiple countries in Europe	0.34	0.34	1.63	1.97	—	—	—	1.97
Europe region total	9.46	0.81	24.96	34.42	198.03	51.94	146.09	180.51

*1 Region classifications are determined by MOFA.

$ ^{*} $ 2 Including graduated countries and Eastern Europe in total.

$ ^{*} $ 3 Due to rounding, the total figure may not match the sum of each number.

$ ^{*} $ 4 “Multiple countries” refers to assistance encompassing multiple countries such as dispatch of study teams and seminars.
Since FY1997, a series of television programs have been broadcast to promote public interest in and understanding of international cooperation. In FY2010, TV Tokyo’s “Chikyu VOCE” covered Japanese aid workers in developing countries and addressed the local people helped by that assistance, and introduced the current state of developing countries, the reasons why assistance is necessary, and the impact of Japan’s ODA projects.

$ ^{*} $ International Cooperation Day On October 6, 1954, Japan made a cabinet decision to join the Colombo Plan, and began economic cooperation. In conjunction with this, October 6 was designated as the “International Cooperation Day” with the authorization of the cabinet.

Global Festa JAPAN is held annually around the time of the International Cooperation Day $ ^{*} $ (October 6) as Japan’s largest international cooperation event. The event is co-hosted by MOfA, JICA, and the Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation (JANIC) on a Saturday and Sunday at Hibiya Park in Tokyo. Over 270 organizations, including NGOs, international organizations, and embassies and related ministries participate. More than 112,000 people attended the 2011 event.

A talk between former JICA Volunteers held at Global Festa Japan

## (8) Enhancing the Transmission of Information to the International Community

Japan conducts activities overseas to promote a better understanding of Japan’s proactive international contribution through ODA. For example, Japan has provided press releases at the time of signings and handover ceremonies and otherwise cooperated with interviews of the local press. In addition, Japan attaches Japanese flag stickers (in English and Arabic) and the Japanese ODA logo (in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Portuguese) to aid supplies from Japan. Japan’s overseas diplomatic missions provide opportunities for the local press to address Japan’s cooperation by planning site-visit tours to Japan’s ODA projects. Furthermore, Japanese embassies disseminate information via various lectures and websites and pamphlets in English and local languages.

Local Ecuadorian residents gathered for the hand-over ceremony for a water facility established through Grant Assistance for Grassroots Human Security Project