purchased with funds raised by citizens and businesses. Soils used for planting trees are compost and construction waste soil, produced from pruned branches and leaves from city parks and street trees, and forest creation with environmentally sound resource cycle is being promoted. The area is about to revive as a place that contributes to harmony with nature and recycling (Photo3-3-4).

## 2 Environmental Measures that Mobilize Individuals and Social Powers

(1) Individual and local initiatives aiming at a low-carbon society

For the realization of a low-carbon society, it is necessary to understand about the energy consumption of our own daily life and to convert energy-intensive life into energy-saving life. Changing consumers' demand types and quantities will be a great power to urge suppliers' initiatives.

## A Combining the team’s overall power

The “Team Minus 6%,” a national campaign for global warming prevention, is accepting citizens “my challenge declaration” as the “I declare $ CO_{2} $ reduction of 1 kg 1 day 1 person” campaign. In this approach, each individual will choose items which “they want to put into practice” from the list on the global warming prevention menu that can be conducted in daily lives, aiming at reducing 1kg of $ CO_{2} $ per day per person. According to the participants questionnaire conducted by the office of this campaign, the average number of eco activities being practiced per person was 17 items, and the average reduction amount of $ CO_{2} $ was 1,023g per day. Since the number of participants is about 1.005 million as of the end of April 2009, the annual reduction amount of $ CO_{2} $ that the participants achieved is estimated to be about 37,500 tons, if the actual results were the same as the survey.

While practices such as to “Set air conditioners to $ 28^{\circ} $ C in summer, $ 2^{\circ} $ C higher from $ 26^{\circ} $ C” (76.0%) and to “Thoroughly sort waste, and recycle plastic waste,” (71.8%), tend to be well practiced (Figure3-3-4), eco activities that arise from replacement or new purchases including, to “Replace incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent lamp” (43.2%) and to “Replace old type of air conditioners with energy saving ones” (16.0%) tend to be less well-practiced.

## B Approaches activating Environmental Labeling, such as certified products

## (A) Biodiversity-oriented certified products, etc

In Japan’s agriculture, forestry and fisheries, each local region began promoting activation of the certified system on forestry and agricultural products which were produced in biodiversity-oriented sustainable forestry and agricultural managements. The “Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council (SGEC),” which operates the forest certification system that meets Japan’s actual conditions – a high proportion of forest plantations with a majority of forests owned by small-scale owners – was established in 2003. Certified forests in Japan by these certificate systems are increasing in area since an establishment of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 2000, reaching 107 certificates and about 1.2 million hectares as of the end of March 2009. This is equivalent to about 10% of the area of Japan’s forest plantation.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) which was established in 1997 sets certain rules on fish catches, species, fishing periods and fishing methods and internationally certifies to use sustainable fishing methods which do not deplete fish stocks. As of the end of March 2009, the MSC has certified 41 fisheries, reaching about 5 million tons of certified fishery products, equivalent to about 7% of the world's catch of edible fishery products. In Japan, the Kyoto Danish Seine Fishery Federation obtained MSC fishery certification in 2008 for the first time in Asia, by trawl fishing on Chionoecetes opilio and Hippoglossoides dubius,

Figure3-3-4

The I Declare CO₂ Reduction of 1 kg 1 Day 1 Person “A Schedule Practiced by Many Participants”

Source: “The I declare CO₂ reduction of 1 kg 1 day 1 person movement” office